基于NodeJS+MongoDB+AngularJS+Bootstrap開發(fā)書店案例分析

更新時(shí)間：2017年01月12日 10:11:27 作者：張果

這章的目的是為了把前面所學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容整合一下，這個(gè)示例完成一個(gè)簡單圖書管理模塊，因?yàn)橹虚g需要使用到Bootstrap這里先介紹Bootstrap

這章的目的是為了把前面所學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容整合一下，這個(gè)示例完成一個(gè)簡單圖書管理模塊，因?yàn)橹虚g需要使用到Bootstrap這里先介紹Bootstrap。

示例名稱：天狗書店

功能：完成前后端分離的圖書管理功能，總結(jié)前端學(xué)習(xí)過的內(nèi)容。

技術(shù)：NodeJS、Express、Monk、MongoDB、AngularJS、BootStrap、跨域

效果：

一、Bootstrap

Bootstrap是一個(gè)UI框架，它支持響應(yīng)式布局，在PC端與移動(dòng)端都表現(xiàn)不錯(cuò)。

Bootstrap是Twitter推出的一款簡潔、直觀、強(qiáng)悍的前端開發(fā)框架。

Bootstrap中包含了豐富的Web組件，根據(jù)這些組件，可以快速的搭建一個(gè)漂亮、功能完備的網(wǎng)站。

在線可視布局：http://www.ibootstrap.cn/

演示： http://expo.bootcss.com/

中文網(wǎng)：http://www.bootcss.com/

官網(wǎng)：http://getbootstrap.com/

安裝：npm install bootstrap@3

1.1、添加引用

也可使用包管理器也可以去官網(wǎng)下載后添加引用。

1.2、在頁面中使用BootStrap

添加CSS引用：

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="js/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" />

添加JavaScript引用：

 <script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>

在頁面中引用BootStrap定義好的樣式

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>bootstrap</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="js/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
 </head>
 <body>
  <div class="container-fluid">
   <div class="row">
    <div class="jumbotron">
     <h1>Hello, world!</h1>
     <p>This is a simple hero unit, a simple jumbotron-style component for calling extra attention to featured content or information</p>
     <p>
      <a class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" href="#" role="button">Learn more</a>
     </p>
    </div>
   </div>
   <div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-6">
     <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">默認(rèn)</button>
     <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">主要</button>
     <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">成功</button>
     <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">信息</button>
     <button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">警告</button>
     <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">錯(cuò)誤</button>
     <button type="button" class="btn btn-link">鏈接</button>
    </div>
    <div class="col-md-6">
     <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-lg">默認(rèn)</button>
     <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">默認(rèn)</button>
     <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-sm">默認(rèn)</button>
     <button type="button" class="btn btn-default btn-xs">默認(rèn)</button>
    </div>
   </div>
  </div>
  <script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
  <script src="js/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
 </body>
</html>

運(yùn)行結(jié)果：

1.3、可視化布局

如果想快速高效的布局可以使用一些在線輔助工具，如：

http://www.ibootstrap.cn/

點(diǎn)擊下載可以獲得生成的HTML腳本。

二、使用MongoDB創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫

2.1、啟動(dòng)MongoDB數(shù)據(jù)庫

數(shù)據(jù)庫的具體安裝、配置在前面的章節(jié)中已經(jīng)講解過，可以參考。

如果服務(wù)與配置都沒有完成的話可以啟動(dòng)：C:\Program Files\MongoDB\Server\3.4\bin\mongod.exe

2.2、啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫GUI管理工具

2.3、創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫與集合

在localhost上右鍵“create database”創(chuàng)建名稱為BookStore的數(shù)據(jù)庫。

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)用于存放圖書的集合名稱為books。

在集合中添加5本圖書。

db.getCollection('books').insert({id:201701,title:"使用AlarJS開發(fā)下一代應(yīng)用程序",picture:"b1.jpg",price:55.0,author:"brad green"});

三、創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Express項(xiàng)目

這里使用Eclipse（HBuilder）為開發(fā)工具，添加Nodeclipse插件，新增一個(gè)Express項(xiàng)目：

3.1、創(chuàng)建app.js

/**
 * Module dependencies.
 */
var express = require('express')
 , routes = require('./routes')
 , books = require('./routes/books')
 , http = require('http')
 , path = require('path');
var app = express();
// all environments
app.set('port', process.env.PORT || 3000);
app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.use(express.favicon());
app.use(express.logger('dev'));
app.use(express.bodyParser());
app.use(express.methodOverride());
app.use(app.router);
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));
// development only
if ('development' == app.get('env')) {
 app.use(express.errorHandler());
}
app.get('/', books.list);
app.get('/books', books.list);
http.createServer(app).listen(app.get('port'), function(){
 console.log('Express server listening on port ' + app.get('port'));
});

四、Monk訪問MongoDB數(shù)據(jù)庫

monk是NodeJS平臺(tái)下訪問MongoDB數(shù)據(jù)庫的一個(gè)模塊。monk訪問MongoDB更加方便比NodeJS直接訪問。

git倉庫地址：https://github.com/Automattic/monk

文檔：https://automattic.github.io/monk/

安裝：npm install --save monk

4.1、創(chuàng)建連接

const monk = require('monk')
// Connection URL
const url = 'localhost:27017/myproject';
const db = monk(url);
db.then(() => {
 console.log('Connected correctly to server')
})

4.2、插入數(shù)據(jù)

const url = 'localhost:27017/myproject'; // Connection URL
const db = require('monk')(url);
const collection = db.get('document')
collection.insert([{a: 1}, {a: 2}, {a: 3}])
 .then((docs) => {
 // docs contains the documents inserted with added **_id** fields
 // Inserted 3 documents into the document collection
 }).catch((err) => {
 // An error happened while inserting
 }).then(() => db.close())
users.insert({ woot: 'foo' })
users.insert([{ woot: 'bar' }, { woot: 'baz' }])

4.3、更新數(shù)據(jù)

const url = 'localhost:27017/myproject'; // Connection URL
const db = require('monk')(url);
const collection = db.get('document')
collection.insert([{a: 1}, {a: 2}, {a: 3}])
 .then((docs) => {
 // Inserted 3 documents into the document collection
 })
 .then(() => {
 return collection.update({ a: 2 }, { $set: { b: 1 } })
 })
 .then((result) => {
 // Updated the document with the field a equal to 2
 })
 .then(() => db.close())
users.update({name: 'foo'}, {name: 'bar'})

4.4、刪除數(shù)據(jù)

const url = 'localhost:27017/myproject'; // Connection URL
const db = require('monk')(url);
const collection = db.get('document')
collection.insert([{a: 1}, {a: 2}, {a: 3}])
 .then((docs) => {
 // Inserted 3 documents into the document collection
 })
 .then(() => collection.update({ a: 2 }, { $set: { b: 1 } }))
 .then((result) => {
 // Updated the document with the field a equal to 2
 })
 .then(() => {
 return collection.remove({ a: 3})
 }).then((result) => {
 // Deleted the document with the field a equal to 3
 })
 .then(() => db.close())
users.remove({ woot: 'foo' })

4.5、查找數(shù)據(jù)

const url = 'localhost:27017/myproject'; // Connection URL
const db = require('monk')(url);
const collection = db.get('document')
collection.insert([{a: 1}, {a: 2}, {a: 3}])
 .then((docs) => {
 // Inserted 3 documents into the document collection
 })
 .then(() => collection.update({ a: 2 }, { $set: { b: 1 } }))
 .then((result) => {
 // Updated the document with the field a equal to 2
 })
 .then(() => collection.remove({ a: 3}))
 .then((result) => {
 // Deleted the document with the field a equal to 3
 })
 .then(() => {
 return collection.find()
 })
 .then((docs) => {
 // docs === [{ a: 1 }, { a: 2, b: 1 }]
 })
 .then(() => db.close())

users.find({}).then((docs) => {})
users.find({}, 'name').then((docs) => {
 // only the name field will be selected
})
users.find({}, { fields: { name: 1 } }) // equivalent
users.find({}, '-name').then((docs) => {
 // all the fields except the name field will be selected
})
users.find({}, { fields: { name: 0 } }) // equivalent
users.find({}, { rawCursor: true }).then((cursor) => {
 // raw mongo cursor
})
users.find({}).each((user, {close, pause, resume}) => {
 // the users are streaming here
 // call `close()` to stop the stream
}).then(() => {
 // stream is over
})
//創(chuàng)建的數(shù)據(jù)庫
var monk = require('monk')
var db = monk('localhost:27017/bookstore')
//讀取數(shù)據(jù)：
var monk = require('monk')
var db = monk('localhost:27017/monk-demo')
var books = db.get('books')
 books.find({}, function(err, docs) {
 console.log(docs)
})
//插入數(shù)據(jù)：
books.insert({"name":"orange book","description":"just so so"})
//查找數(shù)據(jù)：
books.find({"name":"apple book"}, function(err, docs) {
 console.log(docs)
})
復(fù)制代碼
五、創(chuàng)建Rest后臺(tái)服務(wù)
在routes目錄下增加的books.js文件內(nèi)容如下：
復(fù)制代碼
/*
 * 使用monk訪問mongodb
 * 以rest的方式向前臺(tái)提供服務(wù)
 */
//依賴monk模塊
var monk = require('monk');
//連接并打開數(shù)據(jù)庫
var db = monk('localhost:27017/BookStore');
//從數(shù)據(jù)庫中獲得books集合，類似表，并非所有數(shù)據(jù)， key
var books = db.get('books');
//列出所有的圖書json
exports.list = function(req, res) {
 //無條件查找所有的圖書，then是當(dāng)查找完成時(shí)回調(diào)的異步方法
 books.find({}).then((docs) => {
  //返回json給客戶端
  res.json(docs);
 }).then(() => db.close()); //關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫
};
//獲得最大id
exports.getMax=function(req,res){
 //找一個(gè)，根據(jù)id降序排序，
 books.findOne({}, {sort: {id: -1}}).then((bookObj)=>{
  res.json(bookObj);
 }).then(() => db.close());;
}
//添加圖書
exports.add = function(req, res) {
 //先找到最大的圖書編號(hào)
 books.findOne({}, {sort: {id: -1}}).then((obj)=>{
  //從客戶端發(fā)送到服務(wù)器的圖書對(duì)象
  var book=req.body;
  //設(shè)置圖書編號(hào)為最大的圖書編號(hào)+1
  book.id=(parseInt(obj.id)+1)+"";
  //執(zhí)行添加
  books.insert(book).then((docs) => {
  //返回添加成功的對(duì)象
   res.json(docs);
  }).then(() => db.close());
 });
};
//刪除圖書
exports.del = function(req, res) {
 //從路徑中取參數(shù)id,/:id
 var id=req.params.id;
 //移除編號(hào)為id的圖書
 books.remove({"id":id}).then((obj)=>{
  //返回移除結(jié)果
  res.json(obj);
 }).then(() => db.close());
};
//更新
exports.update = function(req, res) {
 //獲得提交給服務(wù)器的json對(duì)象
 var book=req.body;
 //執(zhí)行更新,第1個(gè)參數(shù)是要更新的圖書查找條件，第2個(gè)參數(shù)是要更新的對(duì)象
 books.update({"id":book.id}, book).then((obj)=>{
  //返回更新完成后的對(duì)象
  res.json(obj);
  }).then(() => db.close());
};

為了完成跨域請求，修改http頭部信息及路徑映射，app.js文件如下：

var express = require('express'),
 routes = require('./routes'),
 books = require('./routes/books'),
 http = require('http'),
 path = require('path');
var app = express();
// all environments
app.set('port', process.env.PORT || 3000);
app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.use(express.favicon());
app.use(express.logger('dev'));
app.use(express.bodyParser());
app.use(express.methodOverride());
app.use(app.router);
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));
app.all('*', function(req, res, next) {
 res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
 res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "content-type");
 res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "PUT,POST,GET,DELETE,OPTIONS");
 res.header("X-Powered-By", ' 3.2.1')
 res.header("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
 if(req.method == "OPTIONS") {
  res.send("200");
 } else {
  next();
 }
});
// development only
if('development' == app.get('env')) {
 app.use(express.errorHandler());
}
app.get('/', books.list);
//獲得所有的圖書列表
app.get('/books', books.list);
//最大的編號(hào)
app.get('/books/maxid', books.getMax);
//添加
app.post('/books/book', books.add);
//刪除
app.delete('/books/id/:id', books.del);
//更新
app.put('/books/book', books.update);
http.createServer(app).listen(app.get('port'), function() {
 console.log('Express server listening on port ' + app.get('port'));
});

查詢所有：

其它服務(wù)的測試可以使用Fiddler完成。

六、使用AngularJS調(diào)用后臺(tái)服務(wù)

這里的UI使用BootStrap完成，前端使用AngularJS調(diào)用NodeJS發(fā)布的服務(wù)，將數(shù)據(jù)存放在MongoDB中。

index.js頁面如下：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>天狗書店</title>
  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" />
  <link rel="bookmark" href="favicon.ico" />
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="js/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" />
  <style type="text/css">
   .cover {
    height: 40px;
    width: auto;
   }
   .addBook {
    padding-top: 10px;
   }
   .w100 {
    width: 50px
   }
   .w200 {
    width: 200px;
   }
   .w300 {
    width: 300px
   }
  </style>
 </head>
 <body ng-app="bookApp">
  <div class="container" ng-controller="BookController">
   <div class="row clearfix">
    <div class="col-md-12 column">
     <nav class="navbar navbar-default" role="navigation">
      <div class="navbar-header">
       <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button>
       <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">天狗書店</a>
      </div>
      <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
       <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
        <li class="active">
         <a href="#">前端</a>
        </li>
        <li>
         <a href="#">Java</a>
        </li>
        <li>
         <a href="#">.Net</a>
        </li>
        <li class="dropdown">
         <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">更多類型<strong class="caret"></strong></a>
         <ul class="dropdown-menu">
          <li>
           <a href="#">Action</a>
          </li>
          <li>
           <a href="#">Another action</a>
          </li>
          <li>
           <a href="#">Something else here</a>
          </li>
          <li class="divider">
          </li>
          <li>
           <a href="#">Separated link</a>
          </li>
          <li class="divider">
          </li>
          <li>
           <a href="#">One more separated link</a>
          </li>
         </ul>
        </li>
       </ul>
       <form class="navbar-form navbar-left" role="search">
        <div class="form-group">
         <input type="text" class="form-control" />
        </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">搜索</button>
       </form>
      </div>
     </nav>
     <div class="row clearfix">
      <div class="col-md-12 column">
       <div class="carousel slide" id="carousel-519027">
        <ol class="carousel-indicators">
         <li class="active" data-slide-to="0" data-target="#carousel-519027">
         </li>
         <li data-slide-to="1" data-target="#carousel-519027">
         </li>
         <li data-slide-to="2" data-target="#carousel-519027">
         </li>
        </ol>
        <div class="carousel-inner">
         <div class="item active">
          <img alt="" src="img/adv3.jpg" />
          <div class="carousel-caption">
          </div>
         </div>
         <div class="item">
          <img alt="" src="img/adv2.jpg" />
          <div class="carousel-caption">
          </div>
         </div>
         <div class="item">
          <img alt="" src="img/adv1.jpg" />
          <div class="carousel-caption">
           <h4>
          Third Thumbnail label
         </h4>
           <p>
            Cras justo odio, dapibus ac facilisis in, egestas eget quam. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.
           </p>
          </div>
         </div>
        </div>
        <a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-519027" data-slide="prev"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left"></span></a>
        <a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-519027" data-slide="next"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right"></span></a>
       </div>
      </div>
     </div>
    </div>
   </div>
   <div class="row clearfix">
    <div class="col-md-12 column">
     <div class="addBook">
      <a id="modal-234446" href="#modal-container-234446" role="button" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" data-toggle="modal"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-plus"></span> 新書上架</a>
      <div class="modal fade" id="modal-container-234446" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
       <div class="modal-dialog">
        <div class="modal-content">
         <div class="modal-header">
          <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button>
          <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">
        添加/編輯圖書
       </h4>
         </div>
         <div class="modal-body">
          <form class="form-horizontal" role="form">
           <div class="form-group">
            <label for="id" class="col-sm-2 control-label">編號(hào)</label>
            <div class="col-sm-10">
             <input type="text" class="form-control w100" id="id" ng-model="book.id" ng-readonly="true" />
            </div>
           </div>
           <div class="form-group">
            <label for="title" class="col-sm-2 control-label">書名</label>
            <div class="col-sm-10">
             <input type="text" class="form-control w300" id="title" ng-model="book.title" />
            </div>
           </div>
           <div class="form-group">
            <label for="picture" class="col-sm-2 control-label">圖片</label>
            <div class="col-sm-10">
             <input type="text" class="form-control w200" id="picture" ng-model="book.picture" />
            </div>
           </div>
           <div class="form-group">
            <label for="price" class="col-sm-2 control-label">價(jià)格</label>
            <div class="col-sm-10">
             <input type="text" class="form-control w200" id="price" ng-model="book.price" />
            </div>
           </div>
           <div class="form-group">
            <label for="author" class="col-sm-2 control-label">作者</label>
            <div class="col-sm-10">
             <input type="text" class="form-control w200" id="author" ng-model="book.author" />
            </div>
           </div>
          </form>
         </div>
         <div class="modal-footer">
          <button type="button" ng-click="save()" class="btn btn-primary">
          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-disk"></span> 
           保存</button>
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-success" ng-click="clear()" data-dismiss="modal">
           <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-refresh"></span> 
           清空</button>
          <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" data-dismiss="modal">
           <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-remove"></span> 
           關(guān)閉</button>
         </div>
        </div>
       </div>
      </div>
     </div>
     <table class="table">
      <thead>
       <tr>
        <th>
         序號(hào)
        </th>
        <th>
         編號(hào)
        </th>
        <th>
         書名
        </th>
        <th>
         圖片
        </th>
        <th>
         價(jià)格
        </th>
        <th>
         作者
        </th>
        <th>
         操作
        </th>
       </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
       <tr ng-repeat="b in books" ng-class="{'info':$odd}">
        <td>
         {{$index+1}}
        </td>
        <td>
         {{b.id}}
        </td>
        <td>
         {{b.title}}
        </td>
        <td>
         <img ng-src="img/{{b.picture}}" class="cover" />
        </td>
        <td>
         {{b.price | number:1}}
        </td>
        <td>
         {{b.author}}
        </td>
        <td>
         <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger btn-xs" ng-click="del(b.id,$index)">刪除</button>
         <button href="#modal-container-234446" role="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-primary" data-toggle="modal" ng-click="edit(b)">編輯</button>
        </td>
       </tr>
      </tbody>
     </table>
    </div>
   </div>
  </div>
  <!--引入angularjs框架-->
  <script src="js/angular146/angular.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
  <script src="js/jQuery1.11.3/jquery-1.11.3.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
  <script src="js/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript">
   //定義模塊，指定依賴項(xiàng)為空
   var bookApp = angular.module("bookApp", []);
   //定義控制器，指定控制器的名稱，$scope是全局對(duì)象
   bookApp.controller("BookController", ['$scope', '$http', function($scope, $http) {
    $scope.books = [];
    $scope.save = function() {
     $http({
       url: "http://127.0.0.1:3000/books/book",
       data: $scope.book,
       method: $scope.book.id ? "PUT" : "POST"
      })
      .success(function(data, status, headers, config) {
       if($scope.book.id) {
        alert("修改成功");
       } else {
        $scope.books.push(data);
       }
      })
      .error(function(data, status, headers, config) {
       alert(status);
      });
    }
    $scope.edit = function(b) {
     $scope.book = b;
    }
    $scope.clear = function() {
     $scope.book = {};
    }
    //初始化加載
    $http.get("http://127.0.0.1:3000/")
     .success(function(data, status, headers, config) {
      $scope.books = data;
     })
     .error(function(data, status, headers, config) {
      alert(status);
     });
    $scope.del = function(id, index) {
     $http.delete("http://127.0.0.1:3000/books/id/" + id)
      .success(function(data, status, headers, config) {
       $scope.books.splice(index, 1);
      })
      .error(function(data, status, headers, config) {
       alert(status);
      });
    }
   }]);
  </script>
 </body>
</html>

運(yùn)行結(jié)果：