因公司業(yè)務(wù)需要,需要將原有的ERP系統(tǒng)加上支持繁體語言,但不能改變原有的編碼方式,即:普通程序員感受不到編碼有什么不同。經(jīng)過我與幾個同事的多番溝通,確定了以下兩種方案:
方案一:在窗體基類中每次加載并顯示窗體時,會自動遞歸遍歷含文本顯示的控件(Button,CheckBox,GroupBox,Label,LinkLabel,TextBox,StatusStrip,TabPage,ToolStrip,RadioButton,DateTimePicker,DataGridView,CheckedListBox,TreeView,MenuStrip),并根據(jù)不同的控件類型的文本屬性調(diào)用簡繁轉(zhuǎn)換方法進行轉(zhuǎn)換并重新設(shè)置新的相應(yīng)文本屬性的內(nèi)容(比如:繁體內(nèi)容)
優(yōu)點:編碼簡單,對普通程序員的編碼無影響(除窗體類的基類由Form類變成MyStyleFormBase類);
缺點:因每次打開窗體都需要遍歷控件并進行簡繁轉(zhuǎn)換,如果界面上的控件較多,則可能導(dǎo)致打開窗體較慢,影響用戶體驗,且子控件的文本內(nèi)容改變時需程序員手動通知,無法自動感知并轉(zhuǎn)換。
具體實現(xiàn)思路如下:
一.對Form類進行二次封裝(繼承),定義一個MyStyleFormBase類,并在里面加入每次加載并顯示窗體類型時,會自動遞歸遍歷含文本顯示的控件,并根據(jù)不同的控件類型的文本屬性調(diào)用簡繁轉(zhuǎn)換方法進行轉(zhuǎn)換并重新設(shè)置新的相應(yīng)文本屬性的內(nèi)容,這樣當(dāng)所有的窗體都繼承MyStyleFormBase類時,均默認(rèn)就實現(xiàn)了遍歷與轉(zhuǎn)換的過程,程序員無需再次編碼,甚至都無需知道存在遍歷與轉(zhuǎn)換的過程,從而提高了代碼的復(fù)用性,具體代碼如下:
public class MyStyleFormBase : Form { public MyStyleFormBase() { if (!Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture.Name.Equals("zh-CHS", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) //如果是簡體,則無需轉(zhuǎn)換 { base.TextChanged += MyStyleFormBase_TextChanged; base.Shown += MyStyleFormBase_Shown; } } private void MyStyleFormBase_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.Text = LanguageHelper.GetLanguageText(this.Text); } private void MyStyleFormBase_Shown(object sender, EventArgs e) { LanguageHelper.SetControlLanguageText(this); base.ControlAdded += MyStyleFormBase_ControlAdded; } private void MyStyleFormBase_ControlAdded(object sender, ControlEventArgs e) { LanguageHelper.SetControlLanguageText(e.Control); } /// <summary> /// 強制通知子控件改變消息 /// </summary> /// <param name="target"></param> protected virtual void PerformChildrenChange(Control target) { LanguageHelper.SetControlLanguageText(target); } /// <summary> /// 彈出消息框 /// </summary> /// <param name="text"></param> /// <param name="caption"></param> /// <param name="buttons"></param> /// <param name="icon"></param> /// <param name="defaultButton"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected DialogResult MessageBoxShow(string text, string caption, MessageBoxButtons buttons = MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon icon = MessageBoxIcon.None, MessageBoxDefaultButton defaultButton = MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1) { return MessageBox.Show(LanguageHelper.GetLanguageText(text), LanguageHelper.GetLanguageText(caption), buttons, icon, defaultButton); } }
代碼邏輯簡要說明:
1.當(dāng)當(dāng)前UI的文化區(qū)域不為中文簡體時(因為本程序本身都是基于簡體開發(fā)的),就訂閱窗體顯示事件Shown及窗體標(biāo)題改變事件TextChanged,作用:當(dāng)窗體顯示時,則會遍歷控件并轉(zhuǎn)換為繁體,當(dāng)標(biāo)題的文本改變時,也會自動轉(zhuǎn)換為繁體;
2.當(dāng)窗體顯示后訂閱窗體的控件增加事件ControlAdded,作用:當(dāng)窗體顯示后,若后續(xù)存在代碼增加控件時,會自動將控件及其子控件進行繁體的轉(zhuǎn)換,保證一個都不漏;
3.增加一個消息提示框方法,目的是彈出消息窗口前能夠?qū)⒑嗴w文本轉(zhuǎn)換成繁體文本;
4.增加一個強制通知子控件改變消息的方法PerformChildrenChange,當(dāng)某個控件的文本內(nèi)容或增加子控件發(fā)生時,由于窗體本身無法捕獲到,故需要調(diào)用該方法來遍歷與轉(zhuǎn)換子控件的文本內(nèi)容;(感覺這里不太好,但目前沒有更好的辦法,如果大家有更好的辦法,歡迎留言評論)
二、LanguageHelper:語方轉(zhuǎn)換公共類(目前僅支持簡繁轉(zhuǎn)換,依賴于:ChineseConverter.dll)代碼如下:
由于代碼過長,請點擊下載
該類邏輯很簡單,就是從一個父控件開始,遍歷所有的子控件,并根據(jù)不同的控件類型將控件相應(yīng)的文本內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)換成簡體或繁體,調(diào)用方法:SetControlLanguageText
以上二步就實現(xiàn)了多語言的支持了(準(zhǔn)確的說是簡繁轉(zhuǎn)換),應(yīng)用到項目中很簡單,只需將窗體默認(rèn)的基類Form改成:MyStyleFormBase即可,如:public partial class FormTest : MyStyleFormBase
方案二:由控件依據(jù)當(dāng)前區(qū)域信息+緩存語言字典直接實現(xiàn)各控件自行轉(zhuǎn)換
優(yōu)點:無需遍歷,各控件自行根據(jù)區(qū)域信息自支轉(zhuǎn)換,因此效率較高,對普通程序員的編碼無影響(除窗體類的基類由Form類變成MyStyleFormBase類外,還需要使用支持多語言的控件,這些控件均由普通控件二次封裝得來,保留原有的所有屬性及事件);
缺點:需將所有帶文本顯示的控件(如:Button,CheckBox,GroupBox,Label,LinkLabel,TextBox,StatusStrip,TabPage,ToolStrip,RadioButton,DateTimePicker,DataGridView,CheckedListBox,TreeView)均進行二次封裝,控件統(tǒng)一命名為:MyStyleXXX
涉及的控件較多,編碼相對復(fù)雜;
具體實現(xiàn)思路如下:
一.對Form類進行二次封裝(繼承),定義一個MyStyleFormBase類,里面加入對窗體標(biāo)題進行修改時,能自動進行多語言轉(zhuǎn)換功能,具體代碼如下:
public partial class MyStyleFormBase : Form { public MyStyleFormBase() { base.TextChanged += MyStyleFormBase_TextChanged; } private void MyStyleFormBase_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!Common.IsChsLanguage()) { this.Text = LanguageHelper.GetLanguageText(this.Text); } } /// <summary> /// 彈出消息框 /// </summary> /// <param name="text"></param> /// <param name="caption"></param> /// <param name="buttons"></param> /// <param name="icon"></param> /// <param name="defaultButton"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected DialogResult MessageBoxShow(string text, string caption = "提示", MessageBoxButtons buttons = MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon icon = MessageBoxIcon.None, MessageBoxDefaultButton defaultButton = MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1) { if (!Common.IsChsLanguage()) { text = LanguageHelper.GetLanguageText(text); caption = LanguageHelper.GetLanguageText(caption); } return MessageBox.Show(text, caption, buttons, icon, defaultButton); } }
代碼邏輯很簡單,就是訂閱一個Form.TextChanged事件,以便當(dāng)根據(jù)IsChsLanguage(判斷是否為簡體模式)判斷不是簡體時,則需進行Form.Text轉(zhuǎn)換
二.定義多語言支持普通控件及容器控件接口(IMultiLanguageControl、IMultiLanguageContainerControl),具體代碼如下:(此處僅是為了作一個規(guī)范,支持手動設(shè)置轉(zhuǎn)換控件的文本內(nèi)容)
/// <summary> /// 支持多語言普通控件(無子控件) /// </summary> public interface IMultiLanguageControl { string DefaultLangText { get; } string CurrentLangText { get; set; } } /// <summary> /// 支持多語言容器控件(包含子控件) /// </summary> public interface IMultiLanguageContainerControl { Dictionary<object, string> DefaultLangTexts { get; } Dictionary<object, string> CurrentLangTexts { get; set; } Control this[string ctrlName] { get; set; } void SetItemCurrentLangText(string ctrlName, string langText); event EventHandler<ChildrenAddedEventArgs> ChildrenChanged; } public class ChildrenAddedEventArgs : EventArgs { public Dictionary<object, string> LangTexts { get; private set; } public ChildrenAddedEventArgs() { LangTexts = new Dictionary<object, string>(); } public ChildrenAddedEventArgs(Dictionary<object, string> langTexts) { this.LangTexts = langTexts; } public string this[object key] { get { return LangTexts[key]; } set { LangTexts[key] = value; } } }
三、實現(xiàn)支持多語言普通控件:基于原有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)控件(Button,CheckBox,GroupBox,Label,LinkLabel,TextBox,RadioButton,DateTimePicker)進行二次封裝,實現(xiàn)IMultiLanguageControl接口,各控件代碼如下:
以下是MyStyleButton定義代碼,MyStyleCheckBox、MyStyleGroupBox、MyStyleLabel、MyStyleLinkLabel、MyStyleTextBox、MyStyleRadioButton里面的實現(xiàn)代碼均相同
public partial class MyStyleButton : MyButton, IMultiLanguageControl { static Dictionary<string, string> LanDict = new Dictionary<string, string>(); public MyStyleButton() { } public override string Text { get { if (!DesignMode && System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture.Name != "zh-CHS") { if (LanDict.ContainsKey(DefaultLangText)) { return CurrentLangText; } else { string langText = LanguageHelper.GetLanguageText(base.Text); LanDict[base.Text] = langText; return langText; } } return base.Text; } set { base.Text = value; } } [Browsable(false)] [DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)] public string DefaultLangText { get { return base.Text; } } [Browsable(false)] [DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)] public string CurrentLangText { get { try { return LanDict[DefaultLangText]; } catch (Exception) { return ""; } } set { if (System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture.Name != "zh-CHS") { if (LanDict.ContainsKey(DefaultLangText)) { LanDict[DefaultLangText] = value; } else { LanDict.Add(DefaultLangText, value); } } } } }
二次封裝這些控件的目的是:1.暴露統(tǒng)一的屬性,便于直接遍歷并賦值(需手動改變文本內(nèi)容語言的情況);2.當(dāng)文本內(nèi)容發(fā)生改變時,能夠根據(jù)語言緩存字典,快速直接的自我簡繁轉(zhuǎn)換,無需再次遍歷;
四、實現(xiàn)支持多語言容器控件:基于原有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)控件(StatusStrip,TabPage,ToolStrip,DataGridView,CheckedListBox,TreeView)進行二次封裝,實現(xiàn)IMultiLanguageContainerControl接口,各控件代碼如下:
MyStyleDataGridView:
由于代碼過長,請點擊下載
MyStyleTabControl:
public partial class MyStyleTabControl : MyTabControl, IMultiLanguageContainerControl { static Dictionary<string, string> LanDict = new Dictionary<string, string>(); Dictionary<object, string> tabPageTexts = new Dictionary<object, string>(); public MyStyleTabControl() { tabPageTexts.Clear(); } [Browsable(false)] [DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)] public Dictionary<object, string> DefaultLangTexts { get { return tabPageTexts; } } [Browsable(false)] [DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)] public Dictionary<object, string> CurrentLangTexts { get { try { Dictionary<object, string> dict = new Dictionary<object, string>(); foreach (TabPage item in this.TabPages) { if (LanDict.ContainsKey(item.Text)) { dict.Add(item, LanDict[item.Text]); } } return dict; } catch (Exception) { return null; } } set { if (System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture.Name != "zh-CHS") { foreach (var item in value) { if (LanDict.ContainsKey(tabPageTexts[item.Key])) { LanDict[tabPageTexts[item.Key]] = item.Value; } else { LanDict.Add(tabPageTexts[item.Key], item.Value); } TabPage tp = item.Key as TabPage; if (tp != null) { tp.Text = item.Value; } } } } } public Control this[string ctrlName] { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } set { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public void SetItemCurrentLangText(string ctrlName, string langText) { if (this.TabPages[ctrlName] != null) this.TabPages[ctrlName].Text = langText; } protected override void OnControlAdded(ControlEventArgs e) { base.OnControlAdded(e); TabPage page = null; if ((page = e.Control as TabPage) != null) { page.TextChanged += page_TextChanged; if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(page.Text)) { if (LanDict.ContainsKey(page.Text)) { page.Text = LanDict[page.Text]; } else { tabPageTexts.Add(page, page.Text); } } } } void page_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { TabPage page = sender as TabPage; if (page == null) { return; } if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(page.Text)) { return; } if (LanDict.ContainsValue(page.Text)) { return; } if (LanDict.ContainsKey(page.Text)) { page.Text = LanDict[page.Text]; } else { if (tabPageTexts.ContainsKey(page)) { tabPageTexts = page.Text; } else { tabPageTexts.Add(page, page.Text); } if (ChildrenChanged != null) { ChildrenAddedEventArgs args = new ChildrenAddedEventArgs(); args = page.Text; ChildrenChanged(this, args); LanDict[page.Text] = args; page.Text = args; args = null; } else { string langText = LanguageHelper.GetLanguageText(page.Text); LanDict[page.Text] = langText; page.Text = langText; } } } [Browsable(false)] [DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)] public event EventHandler<ChildrenAddedEventArgs> ChildrenChanged; }
MyStyleTreeView:
public partial class MyStyleTreeView : MyTreeView, IMultiLanguageContainerControl { static Dictionary<string, string> LanDict = new Dictionary<string, string>(); Dictionary<object, string> nodeTexts = new Dictionary<object, string>(); public MyStyleTreeView() { nodeTexts.Clear(); this.DrawMode = TreeViewDrawMode.OwnerDrawText; this.AfterExpand += MyStyleTreeView_AfterExpand; } private void MyStyleTreeView_AfterExpand(object sender, TreeViewEventArgs e) { this.Refresh(); } protected override void OnDrawNode(DrawTreeNodeEventArgs e) { IntPtr hdc = e.Graphics.GetHdc(); Graphics g = Graphics.FromHdc(hdc); g.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.AntiAlias; Font nodeFont = e.Node.NodeFont; if (nodeFont == null) nodeFont = this.Font; Color foreColor = Color.Black; Color backColor = this.BackColor; if (this.ContainsFocus && (e.Node.IsSelected || (e.State & TreeNodeStates.Focused) != 0)) { foreColor = Color.White; backColor = Color.FromArgb(51, 153, 255); } string txt = e.Node.Text; if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(txt) && !DesignMode) { if (LanDict.ContainsKey(e.Node.Text)) { txt = LanDict[e.Node.Text]; } else { if (ChildrenChanged != null) { ChildrenAddedEventArgs args = new ChildrenAddedEventArgs(); args[e.Node] = txt; ChildrenChanged(this, args); LanDict[txt] = args[e.Node]; txt = args[e.Node]; args = null; } else { string langText = LanguageHelper.GetLanguageText(txt); LanDict[txt] = langText; txt = langText; } } } SizeF txtSize = g.MeasureString(txt, Font); Rectangle txtRect = new Rectangle(e.Bounds.X, e.Bounds.Y, (int)txtSize.Width + 2, e.Bounds.Height); using (SolidBrush sb = new SolidBrush(backColor)) { g.FillRectangle(sb, txtRect); } TextRenderer.DrawText( g, txt, Font, txtRect, foreColor, TextFormatFlags.HorizontalCenter | TextFormatFlags.VerticalCenter); e.Graphics.ReleaseHdc(hdc); g.Dispose(); } [Browsable(false)] [DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)] public Dictionary<object, string> DefaultLangTexts { get { nodeTexts.Clear(); foreach (TreeNode item in this.Nodes) { if (LanDict.ContainsKey(item.Text)) { item.Text = LanDict[item.Text]; } else { nodeTexts.Add(item, item.Text); } GetNodeText(item); } return nodeTexts; } } [Browsable(false)] [DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)] public Dictionary<object, string> CurrentLangTexts { get { try { Dictionary<object, string> dict = new Dictionary<object, string>(); Dictionary<object, string> defaultLangTexts = DefaultLangTexts; foreach (var item in defaultLangTexts) { if (LanDict.ContainsKey(item.Value)) { dict[item.Key] = LanDict[item.Value]; } else { dict[item.Key] = ""; } } return dict; } catch (Exception) { return null; } } set { if (System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture.Name != "zh-CHS") { foreach (var item in value) { if (LanDict.ContainsKey(nodeTexts[item.Key])) { LanDict[nodeTexts[item.Key]] = item.Value; } else { LanDict.Add(nodeTexts[item.Key], item.Value); } } } } } public Control this[string ctrlName] { get { throw new NotImplementedException(); } set { throw new NotImplementedException(); } } public void SetItemCurrentLangText(string ctrlName, string langText) { if (this.Nodes[ctrlName] != null) this.Nodes[ctrlName].Text = langText; } private void GetNodeText(TreeNode node) { if (node.Nodes.Count == 0) { return; } foreach (TreeNode tn in node.Nodes) { if (LanDict.ContainsKey(tn.Text)) { tn.Text = LanDict[tn.Text]; } else { nodeTexts.Add(tn, tn.Text); } GetNodeText(tn); } } [Browsable(false)] [DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)] public event EventHandler<ChildrenAddedEventArgs> ChildrenChanged; }
二次封裝這些控件的目的是:1.暴露統(tǒng)一的屬性,便于直接遍歷并賦值(僅當(dāng)直接改變文本內(nèi)容語言時需要);2.當(dāng)文本內(nèi)容或子控件文本內(nèi)容或新增子控件發(fā)生改變時,能夠根據(jù)語言緩存字典,快速直接的自我簡繁轉(zhuǎn)換,無需再次遍歷;
五.LanguageHelper:語方轉(zhuǎn)換公共類,與方案一原理相同,但相對方案一要簡單很多,代碼如下:
public class LanguageHelper { #region 控件內(nèi)容簡繁體轉(zhuǎn)換 /// <summary> /// 設(shè)置控件的語言 /// </summary> /// <param name="parent"></param> public static void SetControlLanguageText(System.Windows.Forms.Control ctrl) { if (ctrl.HasChildren) { foreach (Control item in ctrl.Controls) { if (item is IMultiLanguageControl) { IMultiLanguageControl il = item as IMultiLanguageControl; string value = GetLanguageText(il.DefaultLangText); il.CurrentLangText = value; } if (item is IMultiLanguageContainerControl) { IMultiLanguageContainerControl lic = item as IMultiLanguageContainerControl; Dictionary<object, string> dic = new Dictionary<object, string>(); foreach (var v in lic.DefaultLangTexts) { dic.Add(v.Key, GetLanguageText(v.Value)); } lic.CurrentLangTexts = dic; lic.ChildrenChanged += (s, e) => { List<object> keyList = new List<object>(); foreach (var key in e.LangTexts.Keys) { keyList.Add(key); } keyList.ForEach(x => { e[x] = GetLanguageText(e[x]); }); keyList = null; }; } if (item.HasChildren) { SetControlLanguageText(item); } } } else { IMultiLanguageControl il = ctrl as IMultiLanguageControl; string value = GetLanguageText(il.DefaultLangText); il.CurrentLangText = value; } } /// <summary> /// 根據(jù)語言標(biāo)識符得到轉(zhuǎn)換后的值 /// </summary> /// <param name="languageFlag"></param> /// <param name="value"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string GetLanguageText(string value) { string languageFlag = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture.Name; if (value == null || value == string.Empty) { return value; } switch (languageFlag.ToUpper()) { case "ZH-CHT": { return ToTraditional(value); } default: { return ToSimplified(value); } } } /// <summary> /// 簡體轉(zhuǎn)換為繁體 /// </summary> /// <param name="str">簡體字</param> /// <returns>繁體字</returns> private static string ToTraditional(string str) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(str)) return str; return ChineseConverter.Convert(str, ChineseConversionDirection.SimplifiedToTraditional); } /// <summary> /// 繁體轉(zhuǎn)換為簡體 /// </summary> /// <param name="str">繁體字</param> /// <returns>簡體字</returns> private static string ToSimplified(string str) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(str)) return str; return ChineseConverter.Convert(str, ChineseConversionDirection.TraditionalToSimplified); } #endregion } Common.IsChsLanguage方法定義如下: public static bool IsChsLanguage() { return System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture.Name.Equals("zh-CHS", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase); }
多語言支持的容器類控件的實現(xiàn)難點是:捕獲子控件文本內(nèi)容的改變,由于沒有現(xiàn)成的事件或方法,故需要通過其它的途徑來實現(xiàn)文本內(nèi)容改時能夠進行處理。
以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容,有人可能會說,為何不采用資源文件的形式,原因文章一開頭就說明了,是在原有的系統(tǒng)上,且不能改變原有的編碼風(fēng)格,故才花了這么大的力氣來實現(xiàn)這個簡繁轉(zhuǎn)換的功能,我公司經(jīng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)確認(rèn)最終采用的方案二。文中若有不足,歡迎交流,謝謝!
注:控件的實現(xiàn)代碼都貼出來了,大家若需要的話,可以直接COPY走,另外為了系統(tǒng)安全,簡繁體的系統(tǒng)截圖我就不貼出來了,大家可以自行測試。
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