Android RecyclerView線性布局詳解(1)
RecyclerView是Android 5.0新增的控件,在android-support-v7下面。官方文檔對(duì)RecycleView介紹很簡(jiǎn)潔到位,如下:
A flexible view for providing a limited window into a large data set.
大概意思就是說(shuō):在有限大小的窗口里顯示大量數(shù)據(jù)的一個(gè)靈活的view。
下面是ReccleView繼承圖:

看到這里我們自然想到了與之類似的控件ListView,RecyclerView和ListView都是在有限的屏幕區(qū)域里維護(hù)少量的View來(lái)進(jìn)行顯示大量的數(shù)據(jù),其實(shí)RecyclerView是ListView的升級(jí)版,功能更加強(qiáng)大,更加靈活,擴(kuò)展性更強(qiáng),Google建議使用RecycleView替代ListView。
下面是RecycleView結(jié)構(gòu)圖:

RecycleView主要包括以下幾個(gè)部件:
1. RecyclerView.Adapter
數(shù)據(jù)和視圖的分離設(shè)計(jì)是程序解耦和可維護(hù)的重要指標(biāo),RecycleView作為展示大量數(shù)據(jù)的view肯定是遵循這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)的,ListView也不例外。通過(guò)繼承RecycleView.Adapter即可輕松實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的adapter,主要重寫RecycleView.Adapter的下面三個(gè)方法即可實(shí)現(xiàn):
public MyRecycleViewAdapter.MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) public void onBindViewHolder(MyRecycleViewAdapter.MyViewHolder holder, int position) public int getItemCount()
上面MyRecycleViewAdapter是我自己定義的ViewHolder
2. ViewHolder
ViewHolder用來(lái)保存列表中item view引用的類,這樣做的目的是重用item視圖,從而提高性能。
在ListView中,ViewHolder不是ListView自帶的,是需要自己定義的,當(dāng)然你也可以不使用ViewHolder,這樣的后果就是ListView每次調(diào)用getView()方法的時(shí)候都會(huì)調(diào)用findViewById()方法,要知道findViewById()性能很差,它通過(guò)遞歸的方式去從view樹(shù)中找特定的子view的,最終往往帶來(lái)很差的性能體驗(yàn),所以使用ViewHolder也成了優(yōu)化ListView最重要的手段。
在RecyclerView中,Android內(nèi)置了RecyclerView.ViewHolder,這意味著ViewHolder使用成了必須。
3. 分割線 RecycleView.ItemDecoration
ListView添加分割線很簡(jiǎn)單,只需在ListView的xml中配置”divider”屬性即可,如:
android:dividerHeight="2dp" android:divider="@color/red"
但RecycleView添加分割線是比較麻煩的,并且默認(rèn)是不帶分割線的。但實(shí)際開(kāi)發(fā)中一般都需要分割線,使用RecycleView.ItemDecoration為RecycleView添加分割線
4. 布局管理器 LayoutManager
RecycleView支持多種布局模式:
1、LinearLayoutManager
線性布局管理器,支持水平布局和垂直布局兩種
2、GridLayoutManager
網(wǎng)格布局管理器
3、StaggerdGridLayoutManager
錯(cuò)列的網(wǎng)格布局管理器,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)瀑布流列表
RecycleView使用時(shí)和ListView很類似,直接看一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子,分別展示一個(gè)垂直方向和水平方向上的列表,并且都支持使用顏色和圖片做分割線,效果圖如下:


1. MainActivity
package com.cjl.recycleviewtest;
...
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private VerticalFragment mVerticalFragment;
private HorizontalFragment mHorizontalFragment;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//垂直
mVerticalFragment = new VerticalFragment();
//水平
mHorizontalFragment = new HorizontalFragment();
//默認(rèn)為設(shè)置垂直
getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.activity_main, mVerticalFragment).commit();
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu_recycleview, menu);
return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
int id = item.getItemId();
switch (id) {
//垂直方向
case R.id.vertical:
VerticalFragment mVerticalFragment = new VerticalFragment();
getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.activity_main, mVerticalFragment).commit();
break;
//水平方向
case R.id.horizontal:
getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.activity_main, mHorizontalFragment).commit();
break;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
MainActivity布局文件 R.layout.activity_main
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/activity_main" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> </FrameLayout>
2. 垂直方向上 VerticalFragment
public class VerticalFragment extends Fragment implements View.OnClickListener{
private RecyclerView mRecycleViewDrawable;
private RecyclerView mRecycleViewColor;
private LinearLayoutManager mManagerColor;
private LinearLayoutManager mManagerDrawable;
private List<String> mData;
private Button mDrawable;
private Button mColor;
private MyRecycleViewAdapter mRecycleViewAdapter;
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_vertical_layout, container, false);
mRecycleViewDrawable = (RecyclerView) view.findViewById(R.id.recycleview_drawable);
mRecycleViewColor = (RecyclerView) view.findViewById(R.id.recycleview_color);
mDrawable = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.btn_drawable);
mDrawable.setOnClickListener(this);
mColor = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.btn_color);
mColor.setOnClickListener(this);
//1. 顏色分割線
mManagerColor = new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity());
mManagerColor.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
mRecycleViewColor.setLayoutManager(mManagerColor);
//設(shè)置顏色分割線
mRecycleViewColor.addItemDecoration(new LinearDivider(getActivity(), LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, 10, this.getResources().getColor(R.color.colorAccent)));
//2. 圖片分割線
mManagerDrawable = new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity());
mManagerDrawable.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
mRecycleViewDrawable.setLayoutManager(mManagerDrawable);
//設(shè)置圖片分割線
Drawable drawable = ContextCompat.getDrawable(getActivity(), R.mipmap.divider);
mRecycleViewDrawable.addItemDecoration(new LinearDivider(getActivity(), LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, 20, drawable));
mData = new ArrayList<String>();
initData(mData);
//自定義adapter
mRecycleViewAdapter = new MyRecycleViewAdapter(getActivity(), R.layout.item_vertical_recycleview, mData);
//設(shè)置adapter
mRecycleViewColor.setAdapter(mRecycleViewAdapter);
mRecycleViewDrawable.setAdapter(mRecycleViewAdapter);
return view;
}
private void initData(List<String> dataList) {
for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
dataList.add("item" + i);
}
}
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
int id = view.getId();
switch (id){
case R.id.btn_drawable:
mRecycleViewColor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
mRecycleViewDrawable.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
break;
case R.id.btn_color:
mRecycleViewColor.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
mRecycleViewDrawable.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
break;
}
}
}
VerticalFragment 的布局文件 R.layout.fragment_vertical_layout
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView android:id="@+id/recycleview_drawable" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_marginBottom="60dp"/> <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView android:id="@+id/recycleview_color" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_marginBottom="60dp" android:visibility="invisible"/> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/lilayout" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:weightSum="2" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_drawable" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="50dp" android:text="圖片分割線" android:gravity="center" android:layout_weight="1" android:background="@color/colorPrimary"/> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_color" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="50dp" android:text="顏色分割線" android:gravity="center" android:layout_weight="1" android:background="@color/mytv"/> </LinearLayout> </RelativeLayout>
3. 直接繼承RecyclerView.Adapter
public class MyRecycleViewAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyRecycleViewAdapter.MyViewHolder> {
private LayoutInflater mLayoutInflater;
private List<String> mDataList;
private int mItemLayout;
public MyRecycleViewAdapter(Context context, int itemLayout, List<String> datalist) {
mLayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
mItemLayout = itemLayout;
mDataList = datalist;
}
@Override
public MyRecycleViewAdapter.MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
return new MyViewHolder(mLayoutInflater.inflate(mItemLayout, parent, false));
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(MyRecycleViewAdapter.MyViewHolder holder, int position) {
holder.mTextView.setText(mDataList.get(position));
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return mDataList.size();
}
class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
private TextView mTextView;
public MyViewHolder(View itemView) {
super(itemView);
mTextView = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv);
}
}
}
item布局文件 item_vertical_recycleview.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <TextView android:id="@+id/tv" android:gravity="center" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="60dp"/> </FrameLayout>
4. 分割線 RecyclerView.ItemDecoration
public class LinearDivider extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {
private Drawable mDividerDarwable;
private int mOrientation;
private int mDividerHight = 1;
private Paint mColorPaint;
public final int[] ATRRS = new int[]{
android.R.attr.listDivider
};
/*
orientation 方向
*/
public LinearDivider(Context context, int orientation) {
final TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATRRS);
this.mDividerDarwable = ta.getDrawable(0);
ta.recycle();
setOrientation(orientation);
}
/*
int orientation 方向
int dividerHight 分割線的線寬
Drawable dividerDrawable 充當(dāng)分割線的圖片
*/
public LinearDivider(Context context, int orientation, int dividerHight, Drawable dividerDrawable) {
this(context, orientation);
mDividerHight = dividerHight;
mDividerDarwable = dividerDrawable;
}
/*
int orientation 方向
int dividerHight 分割線的線寬
int dividerColor 分割線的顏色
*/
public LinearDivider(Context context, int orientation, int dividerHight, int dividerColor) {
this(context, orientation);
mDividerHight = dividerHight;
mColorPaint = new Paint();
mColorPaint.setColor(dividerColor);
}
public void setOrientation(int orientation) {
if (orientation != LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL && orientation != LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("方向參數(shù)錯(cuò)誤!");
}
mOrientation = orientation;
}
@Override
public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {
super.onDraw(c, parent, state);
if (mOrientation == LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL) {
drawHorizontalDivider(c, parent);
} else {
drawVirticalDivider(c, parent);
}
}
//畫(huà)垂直分割線
public void drawVirticalDivider(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();
int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();
final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
final int bottom = top + mDividerHight;
if (mDividerDarwable != null) {
mDividerDarwable.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
mDividerDarwable.draw(c);
}
if (mColorPaint != null) {
c.drawRect(left, top, right, bottom, mColorPaint);
}
}
}
//畫(huà)水平分割線
public void drawHorizontalDivider(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
int top = parent.getPaddingTop();
int bottom = parent.getHeight() - parent.getPaddingBottom();
final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin;
final int right = left + mDividerHight;
if (mDividerDarwable != null) {
mDividerDarwable.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
mDividerDarwable.draw(c);
}
if (mColorPaint != null) {
c.drawRect(left, top, right, bottom, mColorPaint);
}
}
}
@Override
public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {
super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state);
if (mOrientation == LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL) {
outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDividerHight);
} else {
outRect.set(0, 0, mDividerHight, 0);
}
}
}
未完待續(xù)……
以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容,希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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