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Android中Fragment的加載方式與數(shù)據(jù)通信詳解

 更新時(shí)間:2017年03月23日 11:42:46   作者:Joah  
本文主要介紹了Android中Fragment的加載方式與數(shù)據(jù)通信的相關(guān)知識(shí)。具有很好的參考價(jià)值。下面跟著小編一起來看下吧

一、加載方式

1. 靜態(tài)加載

1.1 加載步驟

(1) 創(chuàng)建fragment:創(chuàng)建自定義Fragment類繼承自Fragment類,同時(shí)將自定義Fragment類與Fragment視圖綁定(將layout轉(zhuǎn)換成View)

View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState)

inflater用于綁定Fragment的布局文件,同時(shí)將該布局轉(zhuǎn)換成View對(duì)象并返回;container為Fragment的UI所在的父容器。返回值為Fragment顯示的UI,若不顯示,則返回null。

inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)

resource為Fragment需要加載的布局文件;root為加載Fragment的父ViewGroup,也就是onCreateView傳遞進(jìn)來的container;attachToRoot為是否返回父ViewGroup。

(2) 使用fragment:在父視圖中引入fragment,靜態(tài)加載必須指定name屬性以及一個(gè)唯一標(biāo)識(shí)符,標(biāo)識(shí)符可以為id或者tag

<!--指定在layout中實(shí)例化的Fragment類,需要為“包名.類名”的完整形式-->
android:name
<!--唯一標(biāo)識(shí),id和tag可任選其一,不可兩者都沒有-->
android:id
android:tag

(3) 監(jiān)聽事件:若在父視圖對(duì)應(yīng)的類中設(shè)置監(jiān)聽事件,可以直接訪問fragment中的子組件;若在Fragment的類中設(shè)置,則必須通過inflate()返回的View對(duì)象訪問Fragment中的子組件(view.findViewById(id))。

1.2 簡單范例

MyFragment視圖:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent">
 <TextView
 android:id="@+id/fragment_text"
 android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>

MyFragment類:

public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
 @Override
 public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 //將layout布局轉(zhuǎn)換成View對(duì)象
 View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.myfragment, container, false);
 //必須通過view對(duì)象對(duì)其子組件進(jìn)行訪問
 TextView textView = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fragment_text);
 textView.setText("這里是fragment");
 //返回Fragment顯示UI
 return view;
 }
}

引用fragment的父視圖:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context="com.studying.StaticFragmentActivity">
 <fragment
 android:tag="fragment"
android:name="com.joahyau.studying.MyFragment"
 android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
</LinearLayout>

父視圖對(duì)應(yīng)的類設(shè)置事件監(jiān)聽:

public class StaticFragmentActivity extends Activity {
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_static_fragment);
 //可直接通過findViewById訪問
 findViewById(R.id.fragment_text).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
  @Override
  public void onClick(View v) {
  Toast.makeText(StaticFragmentActivity.this, "點(diǎn)擊了文本", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }
 });
 }
}

2. 動(dòng)態(tài)加載

2.1 加載步驟

(1) 獲取事務(wù)管理器:對(duì)Fragment進(jìn)行的添加、移除、替換等操作,均為事務(wù)。需通過以下代碼獲取事務(wù)管理器,從而對(duì)fragment進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)操作。

FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();

(2) 創(chuàng)建Fragment對(duì)象:創(chuàng)建需要加載的fragment,而后通過add或replace等方法實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)加載。

2.2 簡單范例

布局:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="match_parent"
 android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context="io.github.joahyau.studying.DynamicFragmentActivity">
 <Button
 android:id="@+id/load"
 android:text="加載"
 android:layout_width="match_parent"
 android:layout_height="80dp" />
 <LinearLayout
 android:id="@+id/container"
 android:layout_width="wrap_content"
 android:layout_height="wrap_content"
 android:orientation="horizontal" />
</LinearLayout>

Java:

public class DynamicFragmentActivity extends Activity {
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_dynamic_fragment);
 findViewById(R.id.load).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
  @Override
  public void onClick(View v) {
  //獲取事務(wù)管理器
  FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
  FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
  //創(chuàng)建fragment,并將其動(dòng)態(tài)加載到id位container的布局中
  MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment();
  fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.container, myFragment);
  //提交事務(wù)
  fragmentTransaction.commit();
  }
 });
 }
}

二、數(shù)據(jù)通信

3. Activity向Fragment傳遞數(shù)據(jù)

3.1 Activity向動(dòng)態(tài)加載的Fragment傳遞數(shù)據(jù)

(1)在Activity中獲取Fragment對(duì)象;

(2)創(chuàng)建Bundle對(duì)象并傳入數(shù)據(jù);

(3)將Bundle對(duì)象傳遞給Fragment對(duì)象;

(4)在Fragment中獲取Bundle對(duì)象并拆包得到數(shù)據(jù)。

范例:Activity中只有一個(gè)id為send的Button,MyFragment中只有一個(gè)TextView,這里就不再放布局代碼了。

Activity:

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 findViewById(R.id.send).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
  @Override
  public void onClick(View v) {
  //創(chuàng)建Fragment對(duì)象
  MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment();
  //創(chuàng)建Bundle對(duì)象并傳入數(shù)據(jù)
  Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
  bundle.putString("info", "這里是向Fragment傳遞的數(shù)據(jù)");
  myFragment.setArguments(bundle);
  //加載Fragment
  FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
  FragmentTransaction beginTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
  beginTransaction.add(R.id.layout, myFragment, "myfragment");
  beginTransaction.commit();
  }
 });
 }
}

Fragment:

public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
 @Override
 public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.my_fragment, container, false);
 TextView tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.text);
 //獲取數(shù)據(jù)
 String text = getArguments().get("info") + "";
 tv.setText(text);
 return view;
 }
}

3.2 Activity向靜態(tài)加載的Fragment傳遞數(shù)據(jù)

(1)在Fragment中創(chuàng)建作為容器的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象,并創(chuàng)建getter和setter;

(2)在Activity中獲取FragmentManager;

(3)通過事務(wù)管理器的findFragmentById或findFragmentByTag方法,獲得fragment對(duì)象;

(4)通過獲得的fragment對(duì)象調(diào)用容器的setter方法進(jìn)行傳值。

范例:這里的布局與動(dòng)態(tài)加載的布局唯一不同的就是將send按鈕放在了Fragment里面,其它相同。

Fragment:

public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
 private Button btn;
 private String received;//作為容器的對(duì)象
 @Override
 public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.my_fragment, container, false);
 TextView tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.text);
 tv.setText("這里是Fragment");
 btn = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.send);
 btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
  @Override
  public void onClick(View v) {
  Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "成功接收\"" + getReceived() + "\"", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }
 });
 return view;
 }
 public String getReceived() {
 return received;
 }
 public void setReceived(String received) {
 this.received = received;
 }
}

Activity:

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
 MyFragment myFragment = (MyFragment) fragmentManager.findFragmentById(R.id.my_fragment);
 myFragment.setReceived("this is a test.");
 }
}

4. Fragment向Activity傳遞數(shù)據(jù)

(1)在Fragment中寫一個(gè)回調(diào)接口;

(2)在activity中實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)回調(diào)接口,實(shí)現(xiàn)的函數(shù)用于傳值;

(3)重寫Fragment中onAttach,在其中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)接口對(duì)象,得到傳遞過來的activity(我的理解是這個(gè)接口其實(shí)相當(dāng)于傳遞過來的activity的一個(gè)父類,這一步是用到了多態(tài)的特性);

(4)用得到的接口對(duì)象進(jìn)行傳值。

Fragment:

public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
 private SendData sendData;
 @Override
 public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
 super.onAttach(activity);
 //獲取實(shí)現(xiàn)的接口對(duì)象
 sendData = (SendData) activity;
 }
 @Override
 public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.my_fragment, container, false);
 TextView tv = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.text);
 tv.setText("這里是Fragment");
 //通過接口對(duì)象傳遞數(shù)據(jù)
 sendData.sendMsg("this is a test.");
 return view;
 }
 //定義一個(gè)回調(diào)接口
 public interface SendData{
 void sendMsg(String str);
 }
}

Activity:

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements MyFragment.SendData{
 private Button btn;
 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
 btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
 btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
  @Override
  public void onClick(View v) {
  MyFragment myFragment = new MyFragment();
  FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
  FragmentTransaction beginTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
  beginTransaction.add(R.id.layout, myFragment);
  beginTransaction.commit();
  }
 });
 }
 //實(shí)現(xiàn)SendData接口,接收數(shù)據(jù)
 @Override
 public void sendMsg(String str) {
 Toast.makeText(this, "成功接收\"" + str + "\"", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 }
}

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