詳解SSH如何配置key免密碼登錄

更新時(shí)間：2017年03月30日 11:17:30 作者：多客博圖

這篇文章主要介紹了詳解SSH如何配置key免密碼登錄的相關(guān)資料，文中介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考價(jià)值，需要的朋友們下面來一起看看吧。

如何使用

直接指定ip然后-i 指定key文件，然后指定用戶

ssh 1.1.1.1 -i Test1 -l userxxx

不指定用戶實(shí)際上就是使用當(dāng)前的本機(jī)登陸的用戶名去登陸遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)，比如本地用戶是AAA，那么：

ssh 1.1.1.1 -i Test1

等同于

ssh 1.1.1.1 -i Test1 -l AAA

這里要注意，生成的key是和一對(duì)用戶綁定的，生成key的用戶以及存儲(chǔ)這個(gè)key的公鑰的遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)的用戶。ssh的原理就是，公鑰給人家，自己留秘鑰，遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)的其他用戶也是無法看到這個(gè)指定的用戶的接受到的公鑰的，所以用戶是一對(duì)一的。

比如我在test-server 下面的azuo1228生成key，然后拷貝到遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)dest-server去使用，那么放在遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)的哪個(gè) 用戶home目錄下面，對(duì)應(yīng)的遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)的這個(gè)用戶才可以被無密碼登陸，并不等于對(duì)遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)的其他用戶也能免密碼登陸。

開始操作

1.生成key：

[azuo1228@test-server ~]$ ssh-keygen

這里一直敲回車就好

Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/azuo1228/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/azuo1228/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/azuo1228/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/azuo1228/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
d2:33:66:86:0a:b4:27:a9:86:92:24:ff:13:63:96:15 azuo1228@test-server
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|   |
| E  |
| . .  |
| . o .o  |
|..= .oo S |
|++ +*. = o |
|=..o.o  |
|o ..  |
| ..  |
+-----------------+
[azuo1228@test-server ~]$ cd .ssh/
[azuo1228@test-server .ssh]$ dir
id_rsa id_rsa.pub

查看生產(chǎn)結(jié)果

[azuo1228@test-server .ssh]$ ll
total 8
-rw------- 1 azuo1228 administrator 1675 Dec 21 18:11 id_rsa
-rw------- 1 azuo1228 administrator 403 Dec 21 18:11 id_rsa.pub
[azuo1228@test-server .ssh]$ cat id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCxp1CLe+v3L9OjlJCoBBMtQP5p2zQSACJuCD8rPRT2KQmLFznJo9ehTJQp3UfbSzAo3muudiJ9hvyL8f8hN05voXzBSyrul3v39iiqyPJGFbZhtlIsvVuHNEOVaa+StP/WVcH3nT50Y2TsIx0ikXUOVaaawHKUV3wBHlyLLANMAG8yOy4NIzCj++TO4n+66uyrgVvUf
mZ02ALGGL0gUIV97tlhdwVQLG+2mJwSU0E3fksMVlhKxQrpaOx1OtObF0Xo4CmuuXAowtm/uW50gHRVYMA7N/VNgbWaa4hbypCV5m6UqF6P8bHp1Kgz0qm/U0ro1jFzNv1+fin2ZdwV1Ytr azuo1228@test-server

2.拷貝到遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)指定用戶的home下面

可以看到這次還是要輸密碼的

[azuo1228@test-server .ssh]$ scp id_rsa.pub azuo1228@10.148.167.106:/home/azuo1228
Access and Authorization to this server is controlled by Active Directory. Please login with your admin account.
azuo1228@10.148.167.106's password:
id_rsa.pub 100% 403 0.4KB/s 00:00

在此測(cè)試登錄 -- 需要密碼，還沒免密碼

[azuo1228@test-server .ssh]$ ssh azuo1228@10.148.167.106
Access and Authorization to this server is controlled by Active Directory. Please login with your admin account.
azuo1228@10.148.167.106's password:
Last login: Wed Dec 21 18:07:21 2016 from shang1lu4gnl.ads.autodesk.com
Authorized uses only. All activity may be monitored and reported.
[azuo1228@dest-server ~]$

不存在.ssh的話需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建

[azuo1228@dest-server ~]$ mkdir .ssh
[azuo1228@dest-server ~]$ cd .ssh/
[azuo1228@dest-server .ssh]$ cat ../id_rsa.pub | tee -a authorized_keys
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCxp1CLe+v3L9OjlJCoBBMtQP5p2zQSACJuCD8rPRT2KQmLFznJo9ehTJQp3UfbSzAo3muudiJ9hvyL8f8hN05voXzBSyrul3v39iiqyPJGFbZhtlIsvVuHNEOVaa+StP/WVcH3nT50Y2TsIx0ikXUOVaaawHKUV3wBHlyLLANMAG8yOy4NIzCj++TO4n+66uyrgVvUfmZ02ALGGL0gUIV97tlhdwVQLG+2mJwSU0E3fksMVlhKxQrpaOx1OtObF0Xo4CmuuXAowtm/uW50gHRVYMA7N/VNgbWaa4hbypCV5m6UqF6P8bHp1Kgz0qm/U0ro1jFzNv1+fin2ZdwV1Ytr azuo1228@test-server
[azuo1228@dest-server .ssh]$ ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 azuo1228 administrator 403 Dec 21 20:33 authorized_keys

需要權(quán)限為600

[azuo1228@dest-server .ssh]$ chmod 600 authorized_keys

[azuo1228@test-server .ssh]$ ssh azuo1228@10.148.167.106
Access and Authorization to this server is controlled by Active Directory. Please login with your admin account.
Last login: Wed Dec 21 20:32:08 2016 from c72
Authorized uses only. All activity may be monitored and reported.
[azuo1228@dest-server ~]$
[azuo1228@dest-server ~]$
[azuo1228@dest-server ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to 10.148.167.106 closed.

再次登陸，就已經(jīng)免密了

[azuo1228@test-server .ssh]$ ssh 10.148.167.106
Access and Authorization to this server is controlled by Active Directory. Please login with your admin account.
Last login: Wed Dec 21 20:33:34 2016 from c72
Authorized uses only. All activity may be monitored and reported.

在嘗試登陸zhour用戶，依舊要密碼，可見免密過程是一對(duì)一的。

[azuo1228@test-server .ssh]$ ssh 10.148.167.106 -l zhour
Access and Authorization to this server is controlled by Active Directory. Please login with your admin account.
zhour@10.148.167.106's password:

拷貝公鑰到另一個(gè)用戶zhour

[azuo1228@test-server .ssh]$ scp id_rsa.pub zhour@10.148.167.106:/home/zhour

Access and Authorization to this server is controlled by Active Directory. Please login with your admin account.
zhour@10.148.167.106's password:
id_rsa.pub  100% 403 0.4KB/s 00:00

登陸依舊需要密碼

[azuo1228@test-server .ssh]$ ssh 10.148.167.106 -l zhour
Access and Authorization to this server is controlled by Active Directory. Please login with your admin account.
zhour@10.148.167.106's password:
Last login: Wed Dec 21 17:55:32 2016 from shang1lu4gnl.ads.autodesk.com
Authorized uses only. All activity may be monitored and reported.

添加公鑰給zhour

[zhour@dest-server .ssh]$ cat ../id_rsa.pub | tee -a authorized_keys

ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCxp1CLe+v3L9OjlJCoBBMtQP5p2zQSACJuCD8rPRT2KQmLFznJo9ehTJQp3UfbSzAo3muudiJ9hvyL8f8hN05voXzBSyrul3v39iiqyPJGFbZhtlIsvVuHNEOVaa+StP/WVcH3nT50Y2TsIx0ikXUOVaaawHKUV3wBHlyLLANMAG8yOy4NIzCj++TO4n+66uyrgVvUfmZ02ALGGL0gUIV97tlhdwVQLG+2mJwSU0E3fksMVlhKxQrpaOx1OtObF0Xo4CmuuXAowtm/uW50gHRVYMA7N/VNgbWaa4hbypCV5m6UqF6P8bHp1Kgz0qm/U0ro1jFzNv1+fin2ZdwV1Ytr azuo1228@test-server

這樣就免密了

[azuo1228@test-server .ssh]$ ssh 10.148.167.106 -l zhour
Access and Authorization to this server is controlled by Active Directory. Please login with your admin account.
Last login: Wed Dec 21 20:34:49 2016 from c72
Authorized uses only. All activity may be monitored and reported.

注意

需要注意兩點(diǎn)，如下：

免密之后，scp這種走ssh 通道的都會(huì)免密；

key拷貝到遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)的指定用戶home目錄下，最后，免輸入密碼的時(shí)候是遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)的指定用戶，非本地主機(jī)的用戶

總結(jié)

以上就是這篇文章的全部?jī)?nèi)容了，希望本文的內(nèi)容對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作能帶來一定的幫助，如果有疑問大家可以留言交流，謝謝大家對(duì)腳本之家的支持。

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