Centos7/RHEL7雙網(wǎng)卡綁定的方法

更新時(shí)間：2017年05月17日 16:41:36 作者：hukey

本篇文章主要介紹了Centos7/RHEL7雙網(wǎng)卡綁定的方法，小編覺(jué)得挺不錯(cuò)的，現(xiàn)在分享給大家，也給大家做個(gè)參考。一起跟隨小編過(guò)來(lái)看看吧

1. 簡(jiǎn)要

雙網(wǎng)卡綁定技術(shù)在centos7中使用了teaming技術(shù)，而在rhel6/centos7中使用的是bonding技術(shù)，在centos7中雙網(wǎng)卡綁定既能使用teaming也可以使用bonding，這里推薦使用teaming技術(shù)，方便與查看和監(jiān)控。

2. 原理

這里介紹兩種最常見(jiàn)的雙網(wǎng)卡綁定模式：

（1） roundrobin - 輪詢(xún)模式

所有鏈路處于負(fù)載均衡狀態(tài)，這種模式的特點(diǎn)增加了帶寬，同時(shí)支持容錯(cuò)能力。

（2） activebackup - 主備模式

一個(gè)網(wǎng)卡處于活動(dòng)狀態(tài)，另一個(gè)處于備份狀態(tài)，所有流量都在主鏈路上處理，當(dāng)活動(dòng)網(wǎng)卡down掉時(shí)，啟用備份網(wǎng)卡。

3. 基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境

系統(tǒng)：centos7

在centos7中，關(guān)閉虛擬機(jī)添加網(wǎng)卡，再開(kāi)啟虛擬機(jī)，系統(tǒng)是不會(huì)自動(dòng)生成網(wǎng)卡的配置文件：

在centos7中要生成網(wǎng)卡配置文件的方法很簡(jiǎn)單，使用如下命令：

  # 查看物理網(wǎng)卡信息
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli dev
DEVICE    TYPE   STATE   CONNECTION     
eno16777736 ethernet connected eno16777736    
eno33554984 ethernet connected Wired connection 1 
eno50332208 ethernet connected Wired connection 2 
lo      loopback unmanaged --

上面的信息可以看到，一共有四張網(wǎng)卡，其中l(wèi)o是本地回環(huán)網(wǎng)卡，另外三張為物理網(wǎng)卡。

  # 查看網(wǎng)卡連接信息
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
NAME        UUID                 TYPE      DEVICE   
Wired connection 2 9a1314bf-d273-406a-930a-dc4160dee4ec 802-3-ethernet eno50332208 
Wired connection 1 47eef4a3-7fa4-4a73-83ef-1485bda9b950 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 
eno16777736     51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736

上面的信息可以查看到一共有3個(gè)連接，其中兩個(gè)有線連接，表示沒(méi)有設(shè)置過(guò)的網(wǎng)卡連接，還有一個(gè)enoxx連接。接下來(lái)要修改兩個(gè)有線連接的命名方法，并生成網(wǎng)卡配置文件：

  # 首先，刪除兩個(gè)無(wú)用的有線連接
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del 9a1314bf-d273-406a-930a-dc4160dee4ec
Connection 'Wired connection 2' (9a1314bf-d273-406a-930a-dc4160dee4ec) successfully deleted.
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del 47eef4a3-7fa4-4a73-83ef-1485bda9b950
Connection 'Wired connection 1' (47eef4a3-7fa4-4a73-83ef-1485bda9b950) successfully deleted.

# 再次創(chuàng)建新的連接并生成配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli conn add type ethernet con-name eno50332208 ifname eno50332208 
Connection 'eno50332208' (eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c) successfully added.
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli conn add type ethernet con-name eno33554984 ifname eno33554984
Connection 'eno33554984' (32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003) successfully added.

 # 最后，查看下

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
NAME     UUID                 TYPE      DEVICE   
eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 
eno33554984 32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 
eno50332208 eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c 802-3-ethernet eno50332208

[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno*
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 394 Nov 26 05:59 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno16777736
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 Dec 26 08:44 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno33554984
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 288 Dec 26 08:44 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eno50332208

網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接和配置文件都成功生成了。接下來(lái)通過(guò)eno33554984 和 eno50332208 使用teaming模式進(jìn)行雙網(wǎng)卡綁定

4. roundrobin模式：

roundrobin模式也稱(chēng)為輪詢(xún)模式，它基于每一個(gè)包，當(dāng)某一臺(tái)服務(wù)器的兩張網(wǎng)卡設(shè)置為roundrobin模式teaming，此時(shí)服務(wù)器發(fā)出的數(shù)據(jù)包，就會(huì)在兩個(gè)物理網(wǎng)卡上進(jìn)行輪詢(xún)，即第一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)包走一張網(wǎng)卡，第二個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)包走第二張網(wǎng)卡，依次輪詢(xún)。

注意：

（1）roundrobin具有容錯(cuò)性，當(dāng)一張網(wǎng)卡down掉，數(shù)據(jù)包依然發(fā)送成功。

（2）在使用roundrobin模式必須要在交換機(jī)上做以太通道，不然會(huì)出現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)無(wú)法連通。

實(shí)際操作：

  # 使用nmcli命令操作，創(chuàng)建team接口team0，同時(shí)設(shè)置teaming模式為roundrobin
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team con-name team0 ifname team0 config '{"runner":{"name": "roundrobin"}}'
Connection 'team0' (9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f) successfully added.

  # 給接口team0設(shè)置ip地址
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con modify team0 ipv4.address '10.0.0.2/24' ipv4.gateway '10.0.0.1' 
  # 設(shè)置為手動(dòng)模式，取消DHCP
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con modify team0 ipv4.method manual

  # 將兩張物理網(wǎng)卡加入到team中
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port1 ifname eno33554984 master team0
Connection 'team0-port1' (22d3640e-f5c8-499c-b0dd-913c8970d800) successfully added.
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port2 ifname eno50332208 master team0
Connection 'team0-port2' (12660d2a-0e1f-41e6-96b2-53de4fc6b78c) successfully added.
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
NAME     UUID                 TYPE      DEVICE   
team0-port2 12660d2a-0e1f-41e6-96b2-53de4fc6b78c 802-3-ethernet --     
eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 
team0-port1 22d3640e-f5c8-499c-b0dd-913c8970d800 802-3-ethernet --     
team0    9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team      team0    
eno33554984 32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 
eno50332208 eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c 802-3-ethernet eno50332208

  # 查看team0的狀態(tài)

[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 st
setup:
 runner: roundrobin

4.1 roundrobin問(wèn)題排查

第一次查看出現(xiàn)的是這樣的結(jié)果，檢查下配置：

  # 通過(guò)直接查看網(wǎng)卡發(fā)現(xiàn)team0并沒(méi)有啟動(dòng)
[root@localhost ~]# ip a | grep team0
5: team0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN

  # 使用ifup 啟動(dòng)team0并沒(méi)有成功，繼續(xù)排查
[root@localhost ~]# ifup team0
[root@localhost ~]# ip a | grep team0
5: team0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN

直接sysetmctl restart network 也沒(méi)有成功。

  # 發(fā)現(xiàn)team0-port1 team0-port2沒(méi)有添加成功物理網(wǎng)卡，怎么回事呢？
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
NAME     UUID                 TYPE      DEVICE   
team0-port2 ec96c1e1-d268-4ba1-a2f9-0133a9f02655 802-3-ethernet --     
eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 
team0-port1 22d3640e-f5c8-499c-b0dd-913c8970d800 802-3-ethernet --     
team0    9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team      team0    
eno33554984 32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 
eno50332208 eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c 802-3-ethernet eno50332208

  # 刪除掉
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del team0-port1
Connection 'team0-port1' (22d3640e-f5c8-499c-b0dd-913c8970d800) successfully deleted.
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del team0-port2
Connection 'team0-port2' (ec96c1e1-d268-4ba1-a2f9-0133a9f02655) successfully deleted.


  # 刪除兩張物理網(wǎng)卡的連接
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
NAME     UUID                 TYPE      DEVICE   
eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 
team0    9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team      team0    
eno33554984 32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 
eno50332208 eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c 802-3-ethernet eno50332208 
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del eno33554984 eno50332208
Connection 'eno33554984' (32d2389e-4e82-4419-9d18-5aff8f0be003) successfully deleted.
Connection 'eno50332208' (eea2a115-63f8-4f33-be84-12559f02542c) successfully deleted.
  # 刪除成功
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
NAME     UUID                 TYPE      DEVICE   
eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 
team0    9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team      team0

  # 再次將兩張物理網(wǎng)卡添加到team
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port1 ifname eno33554984 master team0
Connection 'team0-port1' (0331ea43-95c0-4106-b388-8484d4c3940d) successfully added.
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port2 ifname eno50332208 master team0
Connection 'team0-port2' (880f2146-fe93-42dd-8d28-7d0dd50b4011) successfully added.
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
NAME     UUID                 TYPE      DEVICE   
team0-port1 0331ea43-95c0-4106-b388-8484d4c3940d 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 
eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 
team0    9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team      team0    
team0-port2 880f2146-fe93-42dd-8d28-7d0dd50b4011 802-3-ethernet eno50332208

現(xiàn)在成功將兩張物理網(wǎng)卡綁定到了team組中

  # 現(xiàn)在查看team0的狀態(tài)就出現(xiàn)了，模式是：roundrobin
[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 st 
setup:
 runner: roundrobin
ports:
 eno33554984
  link watches:
   link summary: up
   instance[link_watch_0]:
    name: ethtool
    link: up
    down count: 0
 eno50332208
  link watches:
   link summary: up
   instance[link_watch_0]:
    name: ethtool
    link: up
    down count: 0

這樣，team模式的roundrobin搭建成功。

總結(jié)：

在做鏈路聚合的時(shí)候，所要使用到的物理網(wǎng)卡不能獨(dú)立存在連接，也就是在nmcli con sh查看時(shí)，不能獨(dú)立存在，否則就無(wú)法綁定到team模式中。

4.2 測(cè)試

因?yàn)檫@里是虛擬機(jī)環(huán)境，只能通過(guò)down掉網(wǎng)卡進(jìn)行查看。

[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 st
setup:
 runner: roundrobin
ports:
 eno33554984
  link watches:
   link summary: up
   instance[link_watch_0]:
    name: ethtool
    link: up
    down count: 0
 eno50332208
  link watches:
   link summary: up
   instance[link_watch_0]:
    name: ethtool
    link: up
    down count: 0

兩張網(wǎng)卡同時(shí)在線，現(xiàn)在down掉其中一張網(wǎng)卡，

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del team0-port1
Connection 'team0-port1' (0331ea43-95c0-4106-b388-8484d4c3940d) successfully deleted.
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh
NAME     UUID                 TYPE      DEVICE   
eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 
team0    9dc48bd6-54b9-48db-b7dd-ecf34ae9196f team      team0    
team0-port2 880f2146-fe93-42dd-8d28-7d0dd50b4011 802-3-ethernet eno50332208

[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 st
setup:
 runner: roundrobin
ports:
 eno50332208
  link watches:
   link summary: up
   instance[link_watch_0]:
    name: ethtool
    link: up
    down count: 0

這樣就發(fā)現(xiàn)eno33554984網(wǎng)卡已經(jīng)down掉了。

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port1 ifname eno33554984 master team0
Connection 'team0-port1' (59acd6bf-affc-4994-a050-83c45816859a) successfully added.
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 st
setup:
 runner: roundrobin
ports:
 eno33554984
  link watches:
   link summary: up
   instance[link_watch_0]:
    name: ethtool
    link: up
    down count: 0
 eno50332208
  link watches:
   link summary: up
   instance[link_watch_0]:
    name: ethtool
    link: up
    down count: 0

虛擬機(jī)環(huán)境就這樣測(cè)試了吧，至于生產(chǎn)環(huán)境就直接拔網(wǎng)線，ping測(cè)試。

資料有說(shuō)linux下roundrobin具有容錯(cuò)的效果，為了測(cè)試是否有容錯(cuò)的效果，虛擬機(jī)做了下更改來(lái)驗(yàn)證：

這一次網(wǎng)卡全部改成橋接模式，為了更好的測(cè)試是否具有容錯(cuò)性。

roundrobin已經(jīng)配置完畢。接下來(lái)我們down掉一張網(wǎng)卡檢查是否具有容錯(cuò)性。

通過(guò)虛擬機(jī)測(cè)試，容錯(cuò)性是存在的。

5. 雙網(wǎng)卡綁定activebackup的實(shí)現(xiàn)

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh 
NAME     UUID                 TYPE      DEVICE   
team0-port2 2a1aa534-e021-4452-bb0a-2002dabcbc08 802-3-ethernet eno50332208 
team0-port1 9a10c9ef-ee9c-4151-9a47-59b4668e8934 802-3-ethernet --     
eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 
team0    c2278f3f-5c6b-4e1d-b925-514d3c3832b6 team      team0    
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con del team0 team0-port1 team0-port2
Connection 'team0' (c2278f3f-5c6b-4e1d-b925-514d3c3832b6) successfully deleted.
Connection 'team0-port1' (9a10c9ef-ee9c-4151-9a47-59b4668e8934) successfully deleted.
Connection 'team0-port2' (2a1aa534-e021-4452-bb0a-2002dabcbc08) successfully deleted.
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con sh 
NAME     UUID                 TYPE      DEVICE   
eno16777736 51d00668-2cf5-41da-ad8d-5019d62e98ad 802-3-ethernet eno16777736

 
# 以上操作就刪除了roundrobin模式，恢復(fù)到初始狀態(tài)。

# 添加邏輯網(wǎng)卡team0，并啟用activebackup模式
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team con-name team0 ifname team0 config '{"runner":{"name":"activebackup"}}'
Connection 'team0' (f0794e59-419d-4c2a-96b9-464610b6321a) successfully added.

# 綁定ip
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con modify team0 ipv4.address 192.168.118.122/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.118.1
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con modify team0 ipv4.method manual


# 添加物理網(wǎng)卡到activebackup模式
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port1 ifname eno33554984 master team0
Connection 'team0-port1' (52656904-6e85-4a04-98b4-2b19773fa290) successfully added.
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli con add type team-slave con-name team0-port2 ifname eno50332208 master team0
Connection 'team0-port2' (44d96e3a-014a-481f-9122-4ca2d3be9f7a) successfully added.

[root@localhost ~]# teamdctl team0 st
setup:
 runner: activebackup
ports:
 eno33554984
  link watches:
   link summary: up
   instance[link_watch_0]:
    name: ethtool
    link: up
    down count: 0
 eno50332208
  link watches:
   link summary: up
   instance[link_watch_0]:
    name: ethtool
    link: up
    down count: 0
runner:
 active port: eno33554984

成功，處于活動(dòng)中的網(wǎng)卡為 eno33554984

5.1 測(cè)試

通過(guò)down掉活動(dòng)網(wǎng)卡測(cè)試網(wǎng)絡(luò)是否仍然處于連通狀態(tài)