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Cisco路由器故障判斷及排除

 更新時(shí)間:2007年09月19日 10:21:53   作者:  
這里我們介紹在使用路由器時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)的硬件,軟件問題;在聯(lián)網(wǎng)過程中,如X.25,FR, DDN, DDR, TCP/IP,與IBM大型主機(jī)互連等不同網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境碰到的問題及解決辦法.

Troubleshooting的工具

TCP/IP連接的Troubleshooting

串口連接遇到問題的Troubleshooting

電話撥號(hào)連接的Troubleshooting

幀中繼連接的Troubleshooting

X.25連接的Troubleshooting

與IBM主機(jī)連接的Troubleshooting

------------------------------------------------------------

Troubleshooting的工具

Troubleshooting的工具有許多種,可以用路由器的診斷命令,Cisco網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理工具(CiscoWorks)和規(guī)程分析儀等等方法.下面我們主要介紹路由器的診斷命令.

路由器診斷命令有四種:

用 show 命令

用 debug 命令

用 ping 命令

用 trace 命令

用 show 命令

Show是一個(gè)很有用的監(jiān)控命令和解決系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)問題的工具.下面是幾個(gè)通常用到的show命令:

show interface---顯示接口統(tǒng)計(jì)信息.

一些常用的show interface命令:

show interface ethernet

show interface tokenring

show interface serial

show controllers---顯示接口卡控制器統(tǒng)計(jì)信息.

一些常用的show controllers命令:

show controllers cxbus

show controllers e1

show running-config---顯示當(dāng)前路由器正在運(yùn)行的配置.

show startup-config---顯示存在NVRAM配置.

show flash---Flash memory內(nèi)容.

show buffers---顯示路由器中buffer pools統(tǒng)計(jì)信息.

show memory---路由器使用內(nèi)存情況的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息,包括空閑池統(tǒng)計(jì)信息.

show processes---路由器活動(dòng)進(jìn)程信息.

show version---顯示系統(tǒng)硬件,軟件版本,配置文件和啟動(dòng)的系統(tǒng)映象.

用 debug 命令

在超級(jí)用戶模式下的debug命令能夠提供端口傳輸信息,節(jié)點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生的錯(cuò)誤消息,診斷協(xié)議包和其它有用的troubleshooting數(shù)據(jù).

注意:使用debug命令要注意,它會(huì)占用系統(tǒng)資源,引起一些不可預(yù)測(cè)現(xiàn)象.終止使用debug命令請(qǐng)用no debug all命令.

Debug命令默認(rèn)是顯示在控制臺(tái)端口上的,可用log buffer命令把輸出定向到buffers里面.若是telnet過去的,可用Router#terminal monitor監(jiān)控到控制臺(tái)信息.

用ping命令

Ping確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通.

用 trace 命令

Trace命令跟蹤路由器包傳輸.

------------------------------------------------------------

TCP/IP連接的Troubleshooting

現(xiàn)象:主機(jī)到本地路由器的以太口不通

建議:我們可以把路由器的以太網(wǎng)口看作是普通主機(jī)的以太網(wǎng)卡,這就成了一個(gè)局域網(wǎng)連接問題,

用show interface ethernet number命令

Router#show interface ethernet 0

Ethernet is up,line protocol is down

若Ethernet is down,請(qǐng)把線纜(同軸線纜或雙絞線)接上.若已接上,ethernet依然是down,請(qǐng)找你的代理聯(lián)系.

若Ethernet is admsinstratively down.

Router#conf t

Router(config)#interface ethernet 0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#^Z

Router#

若Ethernet is up,而line protocol is down.

主機(jī)10M網(wǎng)卡接到路由器100M的以太口上面,它不是自適應(yīng)的(目前版本).反之無問題.

若是同軸線纜請(qǐng)檢查線纜,T型頭,終結(jié)器,是否連接正確.

若是雙絞線請(qǐng)檢查線纜是否正確,中間是否通過HUB連接,若是直連主機(jī)要用交叉線.

若是100BaseTX接口,需要用五類雙絞線.

若是一個(gè)接口提供兩種物理介質(zhì),如粗纜AUI和UTPRJ45,默認(rèn)為AUI的.要用RJ45需要:

Router#conf t

Router(config)#interface ethernet 0

Router(config-if)#media-type 10baset

Router(config-if)#^Z

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Router#

若Ethernet is up,line protocol is up;但ping不通.

請(qǐng)查看路由器以太口的IP地址,是否與主機(jī)IP地址在同一個(gè)網(wǎng)段上.

經(jīng)過以上幾個(gè)步驟,問題仍未解決,請(qǐng)找你的代理聯(lián)系.

現(xiàn)象:主機(jī)到對(duì)方路由器廣域網(wǎng)口或以太網(wǎng)口不通.

建議:假設(shè)主機(jī)到本地路由器的以太口已通.

在路由器上檢查兩個(gè)廣域網(wǎng)口之間是否通,若不通,請(qǐng)看下面關(guān)于廣域網(wǎng)的troubleshooting.

若路由器兩個(gè)廣域網(wǎng)口之間是通的.

在主機(jī)上用"netstat -rn"命令查找路由,若沒有請(qǐng)用"route add"加入.

以SCO UNIX為例:

#netstat -rn

#route add 目的網(wǎng)段 掩碼 網(wǎng)關(guān) 1

#vi /etc/gateways

net 目的網(wǎng)段 gateway 本地路由器以太口地址 metric 1 passive

若主機(jī)上有默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān),檢查路由器路由協(xié)議配置.

Router#show ip route

Router#show running-config

.

.

.

router eigrp 1

network ...

network ...

兩端路由器配置路由協(xié)議是否一致,是否在一個(gè)自治系統(tǒng)里面."network"加入的網(wǎng)段是否正確.

現(xiàn)象:主機(jī)到對(duì)方目的主機(jī)不通.

建議:按以下步驟解決.

檢查主機(jī)到本地路由器的以太口.

檢查兩個(gè)廣域網(wǎng)口.

檢查主機(jī)到對(duì)方路由器廣域網(wǎng)口.

檢查主機(jī)到對(duì)方路由器以太網(wǎng)口.

可用telnet命令遠(yuǎn)程登錄到對(duì)方路由器上,按檢查本地主機(jī)到本地路由器的以太口的方法檢查對(duì)方局域網(wǎng)連接情況.

重復(fù)3和4,檢查對(duì)方到本地情況.

經(jīng)過以上幾個(gè)步驟,問題仍未解決,請(qǐng)找你的代理聯(lián)系.

------------------------------------------------------------

串口連接遇到問題的Troubleshooting

現(xiàn)象:在專線連接時(shí),路由器直連的兩個(gè)廣域網(wǎng)口間不通.

建議:我們可以把兩個(gè)路由器廣域網(wǎng)口之間分成三段,如圖所示:

路由器A--1---MODEMA----2----MODEMB--3--路由器B

我們的任務(wù)就是要檢查出是哪一段不通并解決它.

用show interface serial number命令

若是Serial is down,表示路由器到本地的MODEM之間無載波信號(hào)CD.

連接串口和MODEM,開啟MODEM.看MODEM的發(fā)送燈TD是否亮,TD燈亮表示路由器有信號(hào)發(fā)送給MODEM.TD燈若不亮,請(qǐng)檢查MODEM,線纜(最好用Cisco所配的)和端口.你可以用另外一個(gè)串口再試試看.

若Serial is up,但line protocol is down.有幾種可能:

a.本地路由器未作配置.

b.遠(yuǎn)端路由器未開或未配置.

路由器兩端需要配置相同的協(xié)議打包方式.例如:路由器A打包HDLC,路由器B打包PPP,那么兩臺(tái)路由器的line protocol始終是down的.改變打包方式:

Router#conf t

Router(config)#interface serial 0

Router(config-if)#encapsulation ppp

Router(config-if)#^Z

Router#

c.若是使用Newbridge的26XX,27XX的DTU設(shè)備,它不發(fā)送CD信號(hào),請(qǐng)?jiān)诼酚善魃显O(shè)置:

Router#configure terminal

Router(config)#int serial 0

Router(config-if)#ignored-dcd

Router(config-if)#^Z

Router#

d.MODEM之間沒通,即專線沒通.

解決辦法:作測(cè)試環(huán)路.請(qǐng)電信局幫助確定具體出現(xiàn)問題是哪一段線路.若作環(huán)路成功,line protocol會(huì)變成up(looped).

若Serial is up,但line protocol is up(looped).

用show running-config看看端口是否作了loopback配置,若有刪調(diào)它.

MODEM是否作了環(huán)路測(cè)試.

專線是否作了環(huán)路測(cè)試.

若Serial is admsinstratively down,line protocol is down.

Router#conf t

Router(config)#interface serial 0

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#^Z

Router#

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電話撥號(hào)連接的Troubleshooting

要解決用電話撥號(hào)網(wǎng)連接出現(xiàn)的問題,首先要:

確定路由器與MODEM之間已連接

明白show line輸出的含義

確定路由器與MODEM之間已連接

我們?cè)诼酚善魃嫌梅碩elnet(Reverse Telnet Session)到MODEM,來確定路由器與MODEM之間的連接.也就是說,反向登錄到MODEM上面可對(duì)它用AT指令作配置.具體步驟如下:

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在路由器控制臺(tái)上,用命令

telnet ip-address 20yy

其中 ip-address 是一個(gè)活動(dòng)端口的地址, yy 是連接MODEM的line線.例如,下面例子是用IP地址192.169.53.52連接到輔助口上:

telnet 192.169.53.52 2001

如果連接被拒絕,可能有其它用戶連接在該口上.用show users EXEC命令決定是否被占用,若是,clear line清除它;若沒有,重試反Telnet.

如果連接仍被拒絕,確認(rèn)MODEM控制modem inout.

確定路由器txspeed和rxspeed與MODEM設(shè)置的數(shù)率一致.

反Telnet登錄成功后,AT命令確定應(yīng)答OK.

明白show line輸出的含義

Show line line-number EXEC是非常有用的trobbleshooting命令.

現(xiàn)象:MODEM和路由器間無連接.試用反登錄無反應(yīng)或用戶收到"Connection Refused by Foreign Host"信息.

建議:

用show line看MODEM一欄是否是"inout",若不是,在路由器上:

Router#conf t

Router(config)#line aux 0

Router(config-line)#modem inout

Router(config-line)#^Z

Router#

確定正確的線纜.

硬件問題,請(qǐng)與你的代理聯(lián)系.

現(xiàn)象:MODEM不撥號(hào).

建議:MODEM不撥號(hào),排除掉硬件,線纜的可能,就是:

不感興趣的包.用show running-config檢查路由器配置,是否設(shè)置了dialer-list截段了你想傳送的包,若是請(qǐng)重新配置access-list表.

Chat script配置錯(cuò)誤.打開debug信息.

Router#debug dialer

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to down

%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Async1, changed state to down

Async1: re-enable timeout

Async1: sending broadcast to default destination get_free_dialer: faking it

Async1: Dialing cause: Async1: ip PERMIT

Async1:No holdq created - not configured

Async1: Attempting to dial 8292

CHAT1: Attempting async line dialer script

CHAT1: Dialing using Modem script: backup & System script: none -- failed, not connected

CHAT1: process started

CHAT1: Asserting DTR

CHAT1: Chat script backup started

CHAT1: Expecting string:

Async1: sending broadcast to default destination -- failed, not connected

CHAT1: Timeout expecting:

CHAT1: Chat script backup finished, status = Connection timed out; remote host not responding

Async1: disconnecting call

......

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幀中繼連接的Troubleshooting

用show interface serial查看interface和line protocol是否up.確定連接的線纜正確.

如果interface is up,但line protocol是down.用show frame-relay lmi查看幀中繼的LMI類型.

用show frame-relay map查看打包類型.

用show frame-relay pvc查看PVC.

打開debug信息.

------------------------------------------------------------

X.25連接的Troubleshooting

確定兩個(gè)X.25端口連接上.

MODEM狀態(tài):若線路已連通,MODEM的CD燈和RD燈應(yīng)該亮,表示X.25交換機(jī)有數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送過來.

我們也可以用pad 本地或?qū)Ψ降腦.121地址,若能pad過去,說明行X.25網(wǎng)鏈路層已通.

Router#pad 28050103(對(duì)方的X.121地址)

用show interface serial命令.若serial is down,line protocol is down請(qǐng)檢查路由器與MODEM連接線纜,換另外串口重試.

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若serial is up,但line protocol is down.請(qǐng)與電信局聯(lián)系,檢查L(zhǎng)APB參數(shù)是否匹配.

若serial is up,line protocol is up.但ping對(duì)方廣域網(wǎng)口不通.

用show running-config查看串口是否作了x25 map ip設(shè)置.

X.25設(shè)置中,最大虛電路數(shù)值是否超過了申請(qǐng)的值.

若對(duì)方連接的不是路由器,而是一塊X.25網(wǎng)卡(以博達(dá)卡為例)

環(huán)境:

知識(shí):博達(dá)X.25卡上

#cd /etc/x.25

#vi x25.profile (網(wǎng)卡參數(shù)設(shè)定文件)

LOCADDR 28050103 (本地X.25端口X.121地址)

VC 16

IVC 0 (呼入VC數(shù))

OVC 0 (呼出VC數(shù))

PVC 0 (永久VC數(shù))

X25TIMEOUT 60 (拆鏈時(shí)間)

故,SVC=VC-IVC-OVC-PVC.

#x25reset (重啟X.25網(wǎng)卡)

#x25link (監(jiān)控當(dāng)前狀態(tài)信息)

#vi x25.addr (地址對(duì)應(yīng)文件,IP層能互相通信,要把X.121地址與IP地址對(duì)應(yīng)起來)

130.132.128.4 28050104 SVC 0

130.132.128.3 28050103 SVC 0

#cd /etc

#vi tcp 加上

ifconfig x25 130.132.128.3 -arp network 255.255.0.0

一般X.25連接出現(xiàn)問題都是一方的IP地址與X.121地址之間映射沒有設(shè)定.

------------------------------------------------------------

與IBM主機(jī)連接的Troubleshooting

DLSw+ Troubleshooting

STUN Troubleshooting

CIP Troubleshooting

DLSw+ Troubleshooting

在用DLSw+通過路由器實(shí)現(xiàn)PU2.0/2.1與IBM大型主機(jī)之間連接,我們要同時(shí)用show dlsw和show interface serial命令解決出現(xiàn)的問題.

首先檢查DLSw+定義的兩個(gè)對(duì)等peers是否連通

Router#show dlsw peers

Peers: state pkts-rx pkts-tx type drops ckts TCP uptime

TCP 17.18.15.1 CONNECT 16080 8400 conf 0 0 0 00.03.27

TCP 1.1.12.1 DISCONN 0 0 conf 0 0 0 00.00.00

Peers --- 對(duì)應(yīng)"dlsw remote-peer"定義的對(duì)等peers IP地址.

state --- 表示與對(duì)等peers的連接狀態(tài).

其中:CONNECT表示對(duì)等peers已建立.

CAP_EXG表示與遠(yuǎn)程peer交換性能信息.

WAIT_RD是建立peer連接的最后一步,等待遠(yuǎn)程peer應(yīng)答信息.

DISCONN表示與對(duì)等peers沒有建立連接,請(qǐng)參閱TCP/IP Troubleshooting檢查TCP連接故障.

WAN_BUSY表示TCP傳輸隊(duì)列已滿,不能傳輸數(shù)據(jù).

若對(duì)等peers已建立連接,請(qǐng)查看性能交換信息.

Router#show dlsw capabilities

DLSw: Capabilities for peer 172.18.15.166

vendor id (OUI) : '00C' (cisco)

version number : 1

release number : 0

init pacing window : 20

unsupported saps : none

num of tcp sessions :1

loop prevent support : no

icanreach mac-exclusive : no

icanreach netbios-excl. : no

reachable mac addresses : none

reachable netbios names : none

cisco version number : 1

peer group number : 0

border peer capable : no

peer cost : 3

biu-segment configured : no

local-ack configured: yes

priority configured: no

version string :

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software

IOS (tm) GS Software (GS7-K-M), Experimental Version 11.1(10956) [sbales 139]

Copyright (c) 1986-1996 by cisco Systems, Inc.

Compiled Thu 30-May-96 09:12 by sbales8

交換過性能信息后,就要尋找目的MAC地址了,顯示出所有的路由器能夠到達(dá)的MAC地址(本地和遠(yuǎn)端)

Router#show dlsw reachability

DLSw MAC address reachability cache list

Mac Addr status Loc. peer/port rif

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0000.810f.6500 FOUND LOCAL TBridge-001 --no rif--

0006.e918.7b70 FOUND LOCAL TBridge-001 --no rif--

1000.5ae3.03f7 FOUND LOCAL TBridge-001 --no rif--

7500.9221.0000 FOUND REMOTE 16.201.30.250(2065) max-lf(4472)

7500.9221.0000 SEARCHING LOCAL

DLSw NetBIOS Name reachability cache list

NetBIOS Name status Loc. peer/port rif

SXUSER2 FOUND LOCAL TBridge-001 --no rif--

若本地MAC地址和目的MAC地址狀態(tài)均是FOUND,請(qǐng)參看第五步.

SEARCHING表示在尋找本地MAC地址或目的MAC地址.此時(shí)用show interface serial命令查看該口連接的PU狀態(tài).

NOT_FOUND表示沒有收到對(duì)PU輪詢的應(yīng)答.

VERIFY表示確認(rèn)緩存內(nèi)信息.

在SERACHING本地MAC地址或目的MAC地址.

Router#show interface serial 0

Serial1 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is HD64570

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation SDLC, loopback not set

Router link station role: SECONDARY (DTE)

Router link station metrics:

group poll not enabled

poll-wait 40000 seconds

N1 (max frame size) 12016 bits

modulo 8

sdlc vmac: 4000.5555.00--

sdlc addr C1 state is DISCONNECT

cls_state is CLS_STN_CLOSED

VS 0, VR 0, Remote VR 0, Current retransmit count 0

Hold queue: 0/200 IFRAMEs 0/0

TESTs 0/0 XIDs 0/0, DMs 0/0 FRMRs 0/0

RNRs 0/0 SNRMs 0/0 DISC/RDs 0/0 REJs 0/0 chain: C1/C1

Last input never, output never, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 19 interface resets

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

6 carrier transitions

DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up

說明:

Encapsulation SDLC---串口打包方式為SDLC.

Router link station role: SECONDARY (DTE)---目前端口作secondary,由"sdlc role"命令設(shè)置.

sdlc vmac: 4000.5555.00-- ---由"sdlc vmac"設(shè)置的MAC地址.注意它的最后兩位是留給PU地址的.

在本例中,端口MAC地址是4000.5555.00C1.

sdlc addr C1 state is DISCONNECT ---該端口連接PU C1當(dāng)前狀態(tài).有以下幾種狀態(tài):

DISCONNECT -與PU未連接,次站沒有發(fā)TEST或XID幀請(qǐng)求建立連接.請(qǐng)檢查下面連接的PU是否啟動(dòng)

SNA進(jìn)程,若是用DCE線纜連接PU請(qǐng)檢查線纜是否正確,若是MODEM連接到遠(yuǎn)端PU上,請(qǐng)

檢查MODEM狀態(tài)燈.

DISCSENT-路由器發(fā)送斷開請(qǐng)求(DISC)給次站,正在等待次站應(yīng)答.

SNRMSENT-路由器發(fā)送連接請(qǐng)求(SNRM)給次站,正在等待次站應(yīng)答.這個(gè)狀態(tài)出現(xiàn)在作主站的路由器

上.若是在作主站路由器上出現(xiàn)SNRMSENT狀態(tài),檢查下端PU是否開機(jī),路由器端口與PU上

SDLC口連接的MODEM是否已通(MODEM的DTR,CD,RXD,TXD燈應(yīng)常亮).一句話,出現(xiàn)SNRMSENT

狀態(tài)是路由器端口與它下端PU之間問題.

CONNECT-PU連接正常.路由器和它連接的次站正常連接.

THEMBUSY-PU發(fā)送RNR幀.次站告訴路由器暫時(shí)不能接收任何信息.

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USBUSY-路由器發(fā)送RNR幀.路由器告訴次站暫時(shí)不能接收任何信息.路由器已接收到次站對(duì)SNRM幀的

應(yīng)答幀UA,試圖建立SDLC或LLC2會(huì)話.

BOTHBUSY-雙方均發(fā)送RNR幀.告訴對(duì)方暫時(shí)不能接收任何信息.

ERROR-違反SDLC協(xié)議.路由器正在等待次站應(yīng)答.

SNRMSEEN-路由器作次站,接收到SNRM幀.

當(dāng)雙方MAC地址都找到后,開始建立鏈路了.

Router#show dlsw curcuit

Index local addr(lsap) remote addr(dsap) state

1818740 1000.5ae3.430d(04) 4000.5555.00c1(04) CONNECTED

用"show interface serial"查看PU狀態(tài)應(yīng)是"CONNECT".

我們也可以用"debug dlsw"獲得更多的信息幫助解決網(wǎng)絡(luò)中出現(xiàn)的問題.你可以記錄下debug傳輸信息提供給你的代理.

問題:遠(yuǎn)端沒有到達(dá)本端機(jī)器.遠(yuǎn)端peer的IP地址是172.18.16.156.

建議:

檢查show dlsw peer輸出,我們看到:

Peers: state pkts-rx pkts-tx type drops ckts TCP uptime

TCP 172.18.16.156 DISCONN 0 0 conf 0 0 0 --

用debug dlsw peers命令決定問題:

DLSw: action_a() attempting to connect peer 172.18.15.156(2065)

DLSw: action_a(): Write pipe opened for peer 172.18.15.156(2065)

DLSw: peer 172.18.15.156(2065), old state DISCONN, new state WAIT_RD

DLSw: dlsw_tcpd_fini() for peer 172.18.15.156(2065)

DLSw: tcp fini closing connection for peer 172.18.15.156(2065)

DLSw: action_d(): for peer 172.18.15.156(2065)

DLSw: peer 172.18.15.156(2065), old state WAIT_RD, new state DISCONN

DLSw: Not promiscuous - Rej conn from 172.18.15.166(2065)

診斷:試著打開peer 172.18.15.156,但不成功.DLSw+接收到來自172.18.15.166的打開請(qǐng)求,但是DLSw+拒絕它,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)peer沒有定義.由此我們可以判斷定義peer地址不正確.該peer地址為172.18.15.166就連通了.

Peers: state pkts-rx pkts-tx type drops ckts TCP uptime

TCP 172.18.16.166 CONNECT 2 2 conf 0 0 0 00:224:27

問題:SDLC設(shè)備不能連接到主機(jī).Milan是連接SDLC設(shè)備的遠(yuǎn)端peer.

建議:

用show dlsw peer命令顯示peer是up的.

milan#sh dlsw peers

Peers: state pkts-rx pkts-tx type drops ckts TCP uptime

TCP 172.18.16.166 CONNECT 2 2 conf 0 0 0 00:224:27

Show dlsw circuits沒有鏈路產(chǎn)生.

milan#show dlsw circuits

milan#

Show interface 命令顯示SDLC 地址狀態(tài)是USBUSY,這表示我們已經(jīng)成功的連接到下端路由器上.

Router#show interface serial 3/7

Serial1 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is HD64570

MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation SDLC, loopback not set

Router link station role: SECONDARY (DTE)

Router link station metrics:

group poll not enabled

poll-wait 40000 seconds

N1 (max frame size) 12016 bits

modulo 8

sdlc vmac: 4000.5555.00--

sdlc addr C1 state is USBUSY

cls_state is CLS_STN_CLOSED

VS 0, VR 0, Remote VR 0, Current retransmit count 0

Hold queue: 0/200 IFRAMEs 0/0

TESTs 0/0 XIDs 0/0, DMs 0/1 FRMRs 20/20

RNRs 620/0 SNRMs 3/0 DISC/RDs 1/0 REJs 0/0 chain: C1/C1

sdlc addr C2 state is USBUSY

cls_state is CLS_STN_CLOSED

VS 0, VR 0, Remote VR 0, Current retransmit count 0

Hold queue: 0/200 IFRAMEs 0/0

TESTs 0/0 XIDs 0/0, DMs 0/0 FRMRs 0/0

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RNRs 730/0 SNRMs 7/0 DISC/RDs 0/0 REJs 0/0 chain: C2/C2

Last input never, output never, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Queueing strategy: fifo

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

0 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

0 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 19 interface resets

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

6 carrier transitions

DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=down CTS=up

檢查配置到達(dá)的目的MAC地址是4001.3745.1088.

milan#write terminal

...

!

interface Serial3/7

description sdlc config to MVS

mtu 4400

no ip address

encapsulation sdlc

no keepalive

clockrate 9600

sdlc role primary

sdlc vmac 4000.1234.5600

sdlc N1 12016

sdlc address C1

sdlc xid C1 05DCCCC1

sdlc partner 4001.3745.1088 C1

sdlc address C2

sdlc xid C2 05DCCCC2

sdlc partner 4001.3745.1088 C2

sdlc dlsw C1 C2

!

...

用show dlsw reachability mac-address命令發(fā)現(xiàn)MAC地址沒找到:

Router#show dlsw reachability mac-address 4001.3745.1088

DLSw MAC address reachability cache list

Mac Addr status Loc. peer/port rif

0000.810f.6500 SEARCHING LOCAL

在FEP連接的路由器一端,用show dlsw reachability mac-address命令發(fā)現(xiàn)MAC地址沒找到:

Router#show dlsw reachability mac-address 4001.3745.1088

DLSw MAC address reachability cache list

Mac Addr status Loc. peer/port rif

0000.810f.6500 SEARCHING REMOTE

顯示show source-bridge,沒有令牌環(huán)口走SRB:

bolzano#show source-bridge

Global RSRB Parameters:

TCP Queue Length maximum: 100

Ring Group 100:

No TCP peername set, TCP transport disabled

Maximum output TCP queue length, per peer: 100

Rings:

診斷:加上"source-bridge"命令,連接正常了.

問題:同一個(gè)串口上,一個(gè)SDLC設(shè)備連接正常而其它幾個(gè)不行.

建議:

用show dlsw peer命令顯示peer是up的.

milan#sh dlsw peers

Peers: state pkts-rx pkts-tx type drops ckts TCP uptime

TCP 172.18.16.166 CONNECT 2 2 conf 0 0 0 00:224:27

用show dlsw reachability mac-address命令發(fā)現(xiàn)MAC地址:

Router#show dlsw reachability mac-address 4001.3745.1088

DLSw MAC address reachability cache list

Mac Addr status Loc. peer/port rif

0000.810f.6500 FOUND REMOTE 172.18.15.166(2065)

用show dlsw circuits mac-address命令告訴兩個(gè)鏈路連接:

milan#show dlsw circuit mac-address 4001.3745.1088

Index local addr(lsap) remote addr(dsap) state

250-00 4000.1234.56c1(04) 4001.3745.1088(04) CONNECTED

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251-00 4000.1234.56c2(04) 4001.3745.1088(04) CKT_ESTABLISHED

用debug dlsw core命令輸出:

milan#debug dlsw core state

DLSw core state debugging is on

milan#

DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:DLC-Id state:CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: core: dlsw_action_f()

DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:DLC-Id state:CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: core: dlsw_action_f()

DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:WAN-XID state:CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: core: dlsw_action_g()

DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:DLC-Id state:CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: core: dlsw_action_f()

DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:DLC-Id state:CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: core: dlsw_action_f()

DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:DLC-Id state:CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: core: dlsw_action_f()

DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:DLC-Id state:CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: core: dlsw_action_f()

DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:WAN-XID state:CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: core: dlsw_action_g()

DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: START-FSM (251-00): event:DLC-Id state:CKT_ESTABLISHED

DLSw: core: dlsw_action_f()

DLSw: END-FSM (251-00): state:CKT_ESTABLISHED->CKT_ESTABLISHED

診斷:DLSw試圖在下端SDLC設(shè)備和FEP之間傳輸XID,但FEP并不建立會(huì)話.它通常是XID(IDBK/IDNUM)引起的.

在配置中加上"sdlc xid"后連接正常.

STUN Troubleshooting

確定stun peer連通

rick#sh stun peer

This peer: 10.17.5.2

*Serial2 (group 1 [basic])

state rx_pkts tx_pkts drops

all TCP 10.17.5.2 open 5729 5718 0

若狀態(tài)不是open,應(yīng)是TCP/IP連接問題,請(qǐng)參閱TCP/IP Troubleshooting.

用show interface確定路由器和主機(jī)之間serial is up,line protocol is up.

若是"down/down"請(qǐng)檢查線纜,正確使用DTE和DCE Cable.

若serial一會(huì)兒up,一會(huì)兒down,不斷反復(fù).你的主機(jī)可能配置成半雙工的而不是全雙工的,使用MSD時(shí)路由器沒有設(shè)成半雙工的.

如果serail is up,但line protocol is down.最大可能是一端是NRZ編碼,另一端是NRZI編碼.用"nrzi-encoding"命令設(shè)置NRZI編碼.設(shè)定編碼方式與大機(jī)相同.

一旦line操作正常,最常出現(xiàn)的問題就是SDLC地址不對(duì).SDLC地址要與主機(jī)PU地址一致.如果收到下面信息就表示SDLC地址與主機(jī)PU地址不匹配.

Received data from wrong address! Expect for output address C2/Got C4.

Debug sdlc

當(dāng)工作正常時(shí),debug輸出信息順序:

SDLC Primary :

DISCONNECT-->SDLC PRI WAIT-->NET UP WAIT-->CONNECT

SDLC Secondary :

DISCONNECT-->NET UP WAIT-->SDLC SECWAIT-->CONNECT

CIP Troubleshooting

用"show interface channel 3/0"顯示物理通道端口狀態(tài).若channel3/0 is up,line protocol is up.

表示物理接口連接正常.否則請(qǐng)檢查物理接口,線纜,bypass等是否連接正確.

Router#sh int c3/0

Channel3/0 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is cyBus Channel Interface

MTU 4096 bytes, BW 36864 Kbit, DLY 270 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation CHANNEL, loopback not set

PCA adapter card

Data transfer rate 4.5 Mbytes, number of subchannels 1

Last input never, output never, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

1677 packets input, 0 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

1595 packets output, 0 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 5 interface resets, 0 restarts

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

用"show interface channel 3/2"顯示邏輯通道口狀態(tài).

Router#sh int ch3/2

Channel3/2 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is cyBus Channel Interface

MTU 4472 bytes, BW 98304 Kbit, DLY 100 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255

Encapsulation CHANNEL, loopback not set

Virtual interface

Last input 0:01:36, output 0:01:26, output hang never

Last clearing of "show interface" counters never

Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops

5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec

19090 packets input, 686391 bytes, 0 no buffer

Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants

0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort

20314 packets output, 754513 bytes, 0 underruns

0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets, 0 restarts

0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

用"show ext ch 3/0 csna oper"顯示CSNA通道連接設(shè)備狀態(tài).

"stat"替代"oper"獲得CSNA通道連接設(shè)備的統(tǒng)計(jì)值.

確認(rèn)CSNA通道連接設(shè)備狀態(tài)為"setupComplet".

Router#sh ext c3/0 csna

Path Dv maxpiu time-delay length-delay

CSNA 0100 E1 20470 10 20470

Router#sh ext c3/0 csna oper

Path Dv Status SlowDown maxpiu time-delay length-delay

CSNA 0100 E1 setupComplet off 20470 10 20470

用"show ext ch 3/2 conn llc"命令確定SAPs值和CIP上打開的連接.

確認(rèn)定義在XCA中的正確的SAP值在CIP internal Token Ring LAN adapter中已打開.

SHANXI2#sh ext c3/2 conn llc

LAN Token 0 Adapter 1 5808.0100.0000

No SAPs open on this interface

Total : SAPs opened = 0 Connections active = 0

如果CSNA通道連接設(shè)備狀態(tài)是"setupComplet",正確的SAP值(i.e.,SAP 08)打開在正確的CIP internal

MAC adapter上,進(jìn)入第七步.否則,問題可能是PATH/DEVICE或XCA Major Node.請(qǐng)檢查通道地址定義是否

正確.若PATH/DEVICE正確,再在主機(jī)上"v net,act,id="命令確認(rèn)XCA Major Node激活.

Router#sh ext c3/0 csna oper

Path Dv Status SlowDown maxpiu time-delay length-delay

CSNA 0100 E1 Close off 20470 10 20470

用"debug source-bridge"命令確定是否產(chǎn)生探測(cè)幀.如果確定以CIP internal MAC地址為目的的探測(cè)幀被接收到,請(qǐng)打開"debug channel vlan".

用"show ext ch 3/2 lan"命令顯示CIP internal MAC adapters.核實(shí)CIP internal MAC adapter被

CIP microcode確認(rèn).

router#debug channel vlan

router#show ext ch 3/2 lan

Lan TokenRing 0

source-bridge 1000 1 100

Adapno Mac Address Name Vcnum

0 4000.1234.0001 544 0041 ACK ... ... ... ...... INU

如果CIP internal MAC adapters沒有收到CIP的應(yīng)答,(在"show ext ch 3/2 lan"顯示不是ACK而是CRE或PNDIND),表明CIP microcode沒有承認(rèn)CIP adapter配置命令.在這種情況下,RP不發(fā)送探測(cè)幀給CIP.

如果CIP internal MAC adapters已經(jīng)接收到CIP的應(yīng)答,用"show ext ch 3/2 llc stat 4000.0008.0000",4000.0008.0000是CIP的internal MAC address,檢查是否收到CIP MAC adapter的檢測(cè)命令和應(yīng)答.

如果正常,再用"show ext ch 3/2 llc stat 4000.0008.0000 08"命令確認(rèn)SAP是否接收到XIDs和應(yīng)答.如果沒有應(yīng)答,可能是Switched Major Node沒被激活,或IDBLK/IDNUM不正確,或PU被占用.

在下端路由器上"show dlsw"命令查看串口連接的SNA end station狀態(tài).參閱DLSw+ Troubleshooting.

用"show llc2"顯示當(dāng)前已建立的LLC2鏈接.

SHANXI2#sh llc

LLC2 Connections: total of 1 connections

Channel1/2 DTE: 5808.0100.0000 4000.4700.10c1 04 04 state NORMAL

V(S)=38, V(R)=38, Last N(R)=38, Local window=7, Remote Window=127

akmax=3, n2=8, Next timer in 7520

xid-retry timer 0/0 ack timer 0/1000

p timer 0/1000 idle timer 7520/10000

rej timer 0/3200 busy timer 0/9600

akdelay timer 0/100 txQ count 0/200

RIF: 0630.0641.002

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Router#sh ext c3/0 csna oper

Path Dv Status SlowDown maxpiu time-delay length-delay

CSNA 0100 E1 Close off 20470 10 20470

用"debug source-bridge"命令確定是否產(chǎn)生探測(cè)幀.如果確定以CIP internal MAC地址為目的的探測(cè)幀被接收到,請(qǐng)打開"debug channel vlan".

用"show ext ch 3/2 lan"命令顯示CIP internal MAC adapters.核實(shí)CIP internal MAC adapter被

CIP microcode確認(rèn).

router#debug channel vlan

router#show ext ch 3/2 lan

Lan TokenRing 0

source-bridge 1000 1 100

Adapno Mac Address Name Vcnum

0 4000.1234.0001 544 0041 ACK ... ... ... ...... INU

如果CIP internal MAC adapters沒有收到CIP的應(yīng)答,(在"show ext ch 3/2 lan"顯示不是ACK而是CRE或PNDIND),表明CIP microcode沒有承認(rèn)CIP adapter配置命令.在這種情況下,RP不發(fā)送探測(cè)幀給CIP.

如果CIP internal MAC adapters已經(jīng)接收到CIP的應(yīng)答,用"show ext ch 3/2 llc stat 4000.0008.0000",4000.0008.0000是CIP的internal MAC address,檢查是否收到CIP MAC adapter的檢測(cè)命令和應(yīng)答.

如果正常,再用"show ext ch 3/2 llc stat 4000.0008.0000 08"命令確認(rèn)SAP是否接收到XIDs和應(yīng)答.如果沒有應(yīng)答,可能是Switched Major Node沒被激活,或IDBLK/IDNUM不正確,或PU被占用.

在下端路由器上"show dlsw"命令查看串口連接的SNA end station狀態(tài).參閱DLSw+ Troubleshooting.

用"show llc2"顯示當(dāng)前已建立的LLC2鏈接.

SHANXI2#sh llc

LLC2 Connections: total of 1 connections

Channel1/2 DTE: 5808.0100.0000 4000.4700.10c1 04 04 state NORMAL

V(S)=38, V(R)=38, Last N(R)=38, Local window=7, Remote Window=127

akmax=3, n2=8, Next timer in 7520

xid-retry timer 0/0 ack timer 0/1000

p timer 0/1000 idle timer 7520/10000

rej timer 0/3200 busy timer 0/9600

akdelay timer 0/100 txQ count 0/200

RIF: 0630.0641.0020

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