Java對Excel表格的上傳和下載處理方法

更新時間：2017年08月06日 10:37:45 作者：blue_wz

這篇文章主要介紹了Java對Excel表格的上傳和下載處理方法,需要的朋友可以參考下

Excel表格文件的上傳和下載，java中涉及到文件肯定會有io流的知識。

而excel文件就要涉及到poi技術，而excel的版本包括：2003-2007和2010兩個版本，即excel的后綴名為：xls和xlsx。

這里我是按照正規(guī)的項目流程做的案例，所以可能會比網(wǎng)上的一些Demo復雜一些。不過文件的上傳和下載基本都是一套固定的流程，只是每個人的實現(xiàn)方式不太相同。

數(shù)據(jù)庫我用的是MySql。

下面是我的項目目錄：

按照正常的項目做了分層處理，文件上傳的業(yè)務我放到了service處理，而文件下載業(yè)務還在controller層。

對前端請求處理，我分成了兩個方法都放在HandleExcelController里面，這個類繼承了BaseExcelController,基本的文件操作處理在BaseExcelController里面。

BaseExcelController繼承了BaseController，BaseController類是所有controller的父類，這里用到的不太多，這個類封裝了response返回值等的處理等一些方法。

項目中除了springMVC和mybatis的jar包之外還引入了：

上傳和下載excel文件：

1、創(chuàng)建需要上傳的excel文件，為了簡化，我這里只寫了四列，即四個字段

2、創(chuàng)建jsp頁面

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
 <head>
 <title>Excel文件處理</title> 
 <script type="text/javascript" src="<c:url value='/res/js/jquery.js'/>"></script>
 <script>
  $(function(){
   var $wrap = $(".wrap");
   var find = function(str){
    return $wrap.find(str);
   }
   var getJname = function(name){
    return find("input[name='"+name+"']");
   }
   getJname("Upload").click(function(){
     var form = new FormData(document.getElementById("tf"));
     $.ajax({
     url:"<c:url value='/File/UploadExcel'/>",
     type:"post",
     data:form,
     dataType:"json",
     processData:false,
     contentType:false,
     success:function(data){
      //window.clearInterval(timer);     
       if(data.success == "success"){
        alert("提交文件成功,已將數(shù)據(jù)存入數(shù)據(jù)庫");
       }
     },
     error:function(e){
      alert("錯誤！");
      //window.clearInterval(timer);
     }
    });
    })
   getJname("Download").click(function(){
    $.post("<c:url value='/File/DownLoadExcel'/>",{"id":"3"},function(data){
     //alert("下載文件成功");
    },"json")
   })
  })
 </script>
 </head>
 <body>
  <div class="wrap">
   <form id="tf">
    <p>
     <input type="file" name="file" value="選擇文件"/>
    Excel文件上傳：<input type="button" name="Upload" value="upload"/>
   </p>
   <p>
    Excel文件下載：<input type="button" name="Download" value="updown"/>
   </p>    
   </form>
  </div>
 </body>
</html>

3、依次創(chuàng)建controller、service、domain、mapper層，注意它們的依賴關系

1）、controller層的處理，在HandleExcelController里面注入BaseExcelService。因為只是做個示范，所欲我這里將泛型固定為Students類

BaseExcelController代碼：

package cn.wangze.controller;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFPalette;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import cn.wangze.domain.Students;
public class BaseExcelController extends BaseController{
 //獲取文件的路徑
 String separator = System.getProperty("file.separator");
 //驗證元素是否為空
 @SuppressWarnings("all")
 public boolean isEmpty(Object obj){
  if(obj instanceof Object[]){
   if(((Object[]) obj).length==0){
    return true;
   }
   if(obj == null) return true;
   if((String.valueOf(obj).trim()).length() == 0){
    return true;
   }
   if(obj instanceof List){
    if(((List) obj) == null || ((List)obj).size() == 0){
     return true;
    }
   }
  }
  return false;
 }
 /**
  * 文件上傳部分
  * */
 //驗證文件
 protected boolean checkPathName(String fileName,HttpServletResponse response){
  //驗證文件是否存在
  if(isEmpty(fileName)){
   sendError("上傳文件不存在",response);
   return false;
  }
  //驗證文件是否是以xls或者xlsx做后綴的文件，如果不是就返回錯誤信息
  if(!(StringUtils.endsWithIgnoreCase(fileName,".xls")||StringUtils.endsWithIgnoreCase(fileName, ".xlsx"))){
   sendError("上傳文件類型錯誤，請核對后重新上傳?",response);
  }
  return true;
 }
 //獲取文件的sheet
 protected Sheet getSheet(MultipartFile file,String path,String fileName) throws IllegalStateException, IOException{
  //找到要存放到項目里面的路徑，新建文件
  File targetFile = new File(path, fileName);
  targetFile.mkdirs();
  if (targetFile.exists()) {
   targetFile.delete();
   file.transferTo(targetFile);
  } else {
   file.transferTo(targetFile);
  }
  //封裝輸入流,封裝sheet里面的內容
  InputStream is = null;
  try{
   is = new FileInputStream(path+separator+fileName);
   //判斷版本是否為Excel加強版
   if(StringUtils.endsWithIgnoreCase(fileName, ".xls")){
    return new HSSFWorkbook(is).getSheetAt(0);
   }else if(StringUtils.endsWithIgnoreCase(fileName, ".xlsx")){
    return new XSSFWorkbook(is).getSheetAt(0);
   }
   return null;
  }
  finally{
   if(is != null){
    is.close();
   }
  }
 }
 /**
  * 文件下載部分
  * */
 //根據(jù)傳入的Sting值，判斷生成在excel表的位置
 private HSSFCellStyle getPublicStyle(HSSFWorkbook workbook,String key){
  HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont(); 
  HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
  HSSFPalette customPalette = workbook.getCustomPalette();
  customPalette.setColorAtIndex(HSSFColor.TEAL.index, (byte) 64, (byte) 148, (byte) 160);
  customPalette.setColorAtIndex(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index, (byte) 170, (byte) 204, (byte) 204);
  style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); 
  style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER); 
  if(key=="head"){
    style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
    font.setFontHeightInPoints((short)12);
    font.setColor(HSSFColor.TEAL.index);
    font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD); 
    style.setFont(font); 
  }
  if(key=="title"){
    font.setColor(HSSFColor.WHITE.index);
    font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD); 
    style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); 
    style.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.WHITE.index); 
    style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); 
    style.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.WHITE.index); 
    style.setFont(font);
    style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
    style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index);
    style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index);
  }
  return style;
 }
 //創(chuàng)建head頭信息
 private void createHead(HSSFSheet sheet,HSSFCellStyle style,String[] title){
  HSSFRow row1 = sheet.createRow(0);
  HSSFCell cellTitle = row1.createCell(0);
  cellTitle.setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString(title[0]));
  sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(0,0,0,title.length-2));
  cellTitle.setCellStyle(style); 
 }
 //創(chuàng)建title信息
 private void createTitle(HSSFSheet sheet,HSSFCellStyle style,String[] label,int columnNum){
  HSSFRow row2 = sheet.createRow(1);    
  HSSFCell cell1 = null;    
  for(int n=0;n<columnNum;n++){ 
   cell1 = row2.createCell(n);    
   cell1.setCellValue(label[n+1]);      
   cell1.setCellStyle(style);    
  } 
 }
 //創(chuàng)建content數(shù)據(jù)信息
 private void createContent(HSSFSheet sheet,HSSFCellStyle style,Collection<Students> list,int columnNum,String[] parameters){
  int index= 0;
  Iterator<Students> it = list.iterator();
  while(it.hasNext()){
   index++;
    Students cash = it.next();
    int num2 = parameters.length;
    HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(index+1);  
    initCells(style, num2,cash, parameters,row);
  }
 }
 //驗證是否為中文
 public boolean checkChinese(String s){
  int n=0;
  boolean flag =false;
  for(int i=0; i<s.length(); i++) {
    n = (int)s.charAt(i);
    flag=(19968 <= n && n <40623)?true:false;
  }
  return flag;
 }
 //將數(shù)據(jù)設置到excel表格內
 public void initCells(HSSFCellStyle style, int columnNum, Students t,
  String[] endContent, HSSFRow row3) {
  for(int j=0;j<columnNum;j++){
    HSSFCell cell = row3.createCell(j);
    String fieldName = endContent[j];
    try{
     if(fieldName!="" && !checkChinese(fieldName)){
      String getMethodName = "get" +fieldName.substring(0,1).toUpperCase()+fieldName.substring(1);
      Class clazz = t.getClass();
      Method getMethod = clazz.getMethod(getMethodName, new Class[]{});
      String value = (String)getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[]{});
      cell.setCellValue(value);         
     }else{
      cell.setCellValue(fieldName); 
     }
     cell.setCellStyle(style); 
    }catch(Exception e){
     e.printStackTrace();
    }
   }
 }
 public void createEnd(HSSFSheet sheet,HSSFCellStyle style,int numText,int columnNum,Students t,String[] endContent){
  HSSFRow row3 = sheet.createRow(numText+2); 
  initCells(style, columnNum, t, endContent, row3);
 }
 //根據(jù)service查詢到的數(shù)據(jù)，創(chuàng)建excel表并插入查詢的數(shù)據(jù)信息
 protected String getOutputName(List<Students> list, String path, String[] title, String[] parameters, Students t, String[] endContent)
  throws IOException{
  //根據(jù)傳入的title數(shù)組的第一個值，設置文件名稱
  String filename = title[0]+"_"+ new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd").format(new Date())+".xls"; 
  //輸出流放到文件的本地位置
  FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(path+separator+filename);
  //列數(shù)，根據(jù)title的個數(shù)，除去第一個就是每列title的信息
  int columnNum = title.length-1;
  int numText = list.size();
  HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();  
  HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();      
  sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth (20);      
  sheet.setDefaultRowHeight((short)400); 
  HSSFCellStyle contentStyle = this.getPublicStyle(workbook,"");     
  HSSFCellStyle titleStyle = this.getPublicStyle(workbook,"title");     
  HSSFCellStyle headerStyle = this.getPublicStyle(workbook,"head");     
  createHead(sheet,headerStyle,title);
  createTitle(sheet,titleStyle,title,columnNum);
  createContent(sheet,contentStyle,list,columnNum,parameters);
  //createEnd(sheet,contentStyle,numText,columnNum,t,endContent);
  workbook.write(fos);
  fos.flush();   
  fos.close();  
  return filename;
 }
}

HandleExcelController用來處理前端請求，代碼如下：

package cn.wangze.controller;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import cn.wangze.domain.Students;
import cn.wangze.service.BaseExcelService;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/File")
public class HandleExcelController extends BaseExcelController{
 @Autowired
 private BaseExcelService baseExcelService;
 @RequestMapping("/UploadExcel")
 public void UploadExcel(MultipartFile file,HttpSession session,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{
  //如果上傳的文件不存在，拋出異常
  if(file == null){
   throw new Exception("文件不存在");
  }
  //獲取文件名
  String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
  //選擇上傳的文件存放到項目的路徑
  String path = session.getServletContext().getRealPath(separator+"res"+separator+"upload");
  if(!checkPathName(fileName,response)) return ;
  String msg = baseExcelService.loadExcel(getSheet(file, path, fileName));
  sendMsg(true,msg,response);  
 }
 @RequestMapping("/DownLoadExcel")
 public void UpdownExcel(Students student,HttpServletResponse res,HttpSession session,HttpServletResponse response)
  throws Exception{
  List<Students> stus = baseExcelService.queryList(student);
  if(stus.size()==0){
   res.sendRedirect("/index.jsp");
   return;
  }
  //下載的excel文件存放的本地路徑
  String path = session.getServletContext().getRealPath(separator+"res"+separator+"exportExcel"+separator);
  ServletOutputStream os = res.getOutputStream();
  Students t = baseExcelService.queryTotal(student);
  //標題文字，數(shù)值中的第一個值+當前日期為文件名稱，以后的每個元素為每列的標題
  String[] title={"studets04","id","名字","年齡","性別"};//標題文字
  //對應實體類的屬性值
  String[] parameters ={"id","name","age","sex"};
  String[] endContent = {"","","",""};
  //調用父類的處理方法，生成excel文件
  String filename = getOutputName(stus,path,title,parameters,t,endContent);
  try { 
    res.reset();
   res.setCharacterEncoding("utf8");
   res.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=utf8");
   res.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName="
      +new String(filename.getBytes("utf-8"),"iso-8859-1")); 
   os.write(FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(new File(path+separator+filename))); 
   sendResult(true,response);
   os.flush(); 
  } finally { 
   if (os != null) { 
    os.close(); 
   } 
  }
 }
}

2）、service層的處理，把StudentsMapper注入到BaseExcelService

BaseExcelService代碼：

package cn.wangze.service;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import cn.wangze.domain.Students;
import cn.wangze.mapper.StudentsMapper;
@Service
public class BaseExcelService {
 @Autowired
 private StudentsMapper<Students> studentsMapper;
 //判斷字符串是否為空
 public boolean isEmpty(String str) {
  return str == null || str.length() == 0;
 }
 //獲取單個表格(字段)存放的信息
 private String getValue(Cell cell,String cellLable,Map<String,String> errMap){
  cell.setCellType(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
  String value = cell.getStringCellValue().trim();
  return value;
 }
 //通過這個方法將excel表的每行的數(shù)據(jù)放到info對象里面
 private String addInfo(Row row,Students info){
  Map<String,String> errMap = new HashMap<String,String>();
  String id = getValue(row.getCell(0),"ID",errMap);
  String username = getValue(row.getCell(1),"姓名",errMap);
  String age = getValue(row.getCell(2),"年齡",errMap);
  String sex = getValue(row.getCell(3),"性別",errMap);
  String errMsg = errMap.get("errMsg");
  if(!isEmpty(errMsg)){
   return errMsg;
  }
  info.setId(id);
  info.setName(username);
  info.setAge(age);
  info.setSex(sex);
  return null;
 }
 public String loadExcel(Sheet sheet) throws Exception{
  //新建一個List集合，用來存放所有行信息，即每行為單條實體信息
  List<Students> infos = new ArrayList<Students>();
  //獲取到數(shù)據(jù)行數(shù)，第一行是title，不需要存入數(shù)據(jù)庫，所以rowNum從1開始
  for (int rowNum = 1; rowNum <= sheet.getLastRowNum(); rowNum++) {
   Students info = new Students();
   String errMsg2 = addInfo(sheet.getRow(rowNum),info);
   if(errMsg2 != null) return errMsg2;
   infos.add(info);
  } 
  if(infos.isEmpty()){
   return "沒有解析到學生數(shù)據(jù)，請查驗EXCEL文件";
  }
  //通過studentsMapper的insertSheetData方法，將實體類存放的數(shù)據(jù)插入到數(shù)據(jù)庫
  int result = studentsMapper.insertSheetData(infos);
  //若插入成功會返回大于1的整數(shù)，返回success
  if(result >= 1){
   return "success";
  }
  return "error";
 }
 //查詢所有數(shù)據(jù)庫存放的學生信息
 public List<Students> queryList(Students students){
  return studentsMapper.queryList(students);
 }
 //獲取到的學生實體信息
 public Students queryTotal(Students students){
  return studentsMapper.queryTotal(students);
 }
 public void downExcel(HttpSession session,String separator){
 }
}

3）、實體層的處理，字段要對應excel表的字段

package cn.wangze.domain;
public class Students {
 String id;
 String name;
 String age;
 String sex;
 public String getId() {
  return id;
 }
 public void setId(String id) {
  this.id = id;
 }
 public String getName() {
  return name;
 }
 public void setName(String name) {
  this.name = name;
 }
 public String getAge() {
  return age;
 }
 public void setAge(String age) {
  this.age = age;
 }
 public String getSex() {
  return sex;
 }
 public void setSex(String sex) {
  this.sex = sex;
 }
}

4）、dao層處理：StudentsMapper.java是一個接口，業(yè)務到數(shù)據(jù)庫需要執(zhí)行的方法在這里聲明，StudentsMapper.xml相當于接口的實現(xiàn)類，用來連接java和數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作。

StudentsMapper.java代碼：

package cn.wangze.mapper;
import java.util.List;
public interface StudentsMapper<T> {
 public int insertSheetData(List<T> list);
 public List<T> queryList(T t);
 public T queryTotal(T t);
}

StudentsMapper.xml代碼：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="cn.wangze.mapper.StudentsMapper">
 <sql id="ColumnList">
  id,name,age,sex
 </sql>
 <sql id="ColumnList_t" >
  t.id,t.name,t.age,t.sex
 </sql>
 <sql id="ValueList">
  #{id},#{name},#{age},#{sex}
 </sql>
 <sql id="WhereClause">
  where 1=1 
  <if test="id!=null and id!=''">and id=#{id}</if>
  <if test="name!=null and name!=''">and name=#{name}</if>
  <if test="age!=null and age!=''">and age=#{age}</if>
  <if test="sex!=null and sex!=''">and sex=#{sex}</if>
 </sql>
 <sql id="WhereClause_pager" >
  where 1=1 
  <if test="t.id!=null and t.id!=''">and id=#{t.id}</if>
  <if test="t.name!=null and t.name!=''">and name=#{t.name}</if>
  <if test="t.age!=null">and age=#{t.age}</if>
  <if test="t.sex!=null and t.sex!=''">and sex=#{t.sex}</if>
 </sql>
 <sql id="SetClause" >
  set 
  <trim suffixOverrides="," >
   <if test="id!=null">id=#{id},</if>
   <if test="name!=null">name=#{name},</if>
   <if test="pid!=null">age=#{age},</if>
   <if test="url!=null">sex=#{sex},</if>
  </trim>
 </sql> 
 <select id="queryList" resultType="Students">
  select <include refid="ColumnList"/> from students
 </select>
 <select id="queryTotal" parameterType="Students" resultType="Students">
  select <include refid="ColumnList" /> from students <include refid="WhereClause"/>
  <!-- (select <include refid="ColumnList"/> from t_account_cash t
    <include refid="WhereClauseQuery"/> group by to_char(t.add_time,'yyyy-mm-dd'),t.account_id) a --> 
 </select>
 <insert id="insertSheetData" useGeneratedKeys="true" parameterType="java.util.List"> 
  <!-- <selectKey resultType="long" keyProperty="id" order="AFTER"> 
   SELECT 
   LAST_INSERT_ID() 
  </selectKey> --> 
  insert into students (id,name,age,sex) 
  values 
  <foreach collection="list" item="item" index="index" separator="," > 
   (#{item.id},#{item.name},#{item.age},#{item.sex}) 
  </foreach> 
 </insert>
</mapper>

所有的代碼就是這些了，操作的時候需要注意的多是路徑的問題。最復雜的就是BaseExcelController的操作，它做的事情就是解析上傳和創(chuàng)建下載excel文件。

執(zhí)行完之后的結果圖是這樣：

在數(shù)據(jù)庫查看上傳的excel表：