Java實現(xiàn)Excel導入導出數(shù)據(jù)庫的方法示例

更新時間：2017年08月18日 11:26:01 作者：清墨無痕

這篇文章主要介紹了Java實現(xiàn)Excel導入導出數(shù)據(jù)庫的方法,結(jié)合實例形式分析了java針對Excel的讀寫及數(shù)據(jù)庫操作相關(guān)實現(xiàn)技巧,需要的朋友可以參考下

本文實例講述了Java實現(xiàn)Excel導入導出數(shù)據(jù)庫的方法。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：

由于公司需求，想通過Excel導入數(shù)據(jù)添加到數(shù)據(jù)庫中，而導入的Excel的字段是不固定的，使用得通過動態(tài)創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表，每個Excel對應一張數(shù)據(jù)表，怎么動態(tài)創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表，可以參考前面一篇《java使用JDBC動態(tài)創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表及SQL預處理的方法》。

下面主要講講怎么將Excel導入到數(shù)據(jù)庫中，直接上代碼：干貨走起~~

ExcellToObjectUtil 類

主要功能是講Excel中的數(shù)據(jù)導入到數(shù)據(jù)庫中，有幾個注意點就是

1.一般Excel中第一行是字段名稱，不需要導入，所以從第二行開始計算

2.每列的匹配要和對象的屬性一樣

import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
import com.forenms.exam.domain.ExamInfo;
public class ExcellToObjectUtil {
  //examId,realName,身份證,user_card,sex,沒有字段,assessment_project,admission_number,seat_number
   /**
   * 讀取xls文件內(nèi)容
   * 
   * @return List<XlsDto>對象
   * @throws IOException
   *       輸入/輸出(i/o)異常
   */
  public static List<ExamInfo> readXls(POIFSFileSystem poifsFileSystem) throws IOException {
//    InputStream is = new FileInputStream(filepath);
    HSSFWorkbook hssfWorkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(poifsFileSystem);
    ExamInfo exam = null;
    List<ExamInfo> list = new ArrayList<ExamInfo>();
    // 循環(huán)工作表Sheet
    for (int numSheet = 0; numSheet < hssfWorkbook.getNumberOfSheets(); numSheet++) {
      HSSFSheet hssfSheet = hssfWorkbook.getSheetAt(numSheet);
      if (hssfSheet == null) {
        continue;
      }
      // 循環(huán)行Row
      for (int rowNum = 1; rowNum <= hssfSheet.getLastRowNum(); rowNum++) {
        HSSFRow hssfRow = hssfSheet.getRow(rowNum);
        if (hssfRow == null) {
          continue;
        }
        exam = new ExamInfo();
        // 循環(huán)列Cell
        HSSFCell examId = hssfRow.getCell(1);
        if (examId == null) {
          continue;
        }
        double id = Double.parseDouble(getValue(examId));
        exam.setExamId((int)id);
//        HSSFCell realName = hssfRow.getCell(2);
//        if (realName == null) {
//          continue;
//        }
//        exam.setRealName(getValue(realName));
//        HSSFCell userCard = hssfRow.getCell(4);
//        if (userCard == null) {
//          continue;
//        }
//        
//        exam.setUserCard(getValue(userCard));
        HSSFCell admission_number = hssfRow.getCell(8);
        if (admission_number == null) {
          continue;
        }
        exam.setAdmission_number(getValue(admission_number));
        HSSFCell seat_number = hssfRow.getCell(9);
        if (seat_number == null) {
          continue;
        }
        exam.setSeat_number(getValue(seat_number));
        list.add(exam);
      }
    }
    return list;
  }
  public static List<ExamInfo> readXlsForJS(POIFSFileSystem poifsFileSystem) throws IOException {
//   InputStream is = new FileInputStream(filepath);
   HSSFWorkbook hssfWorkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(poifsFileSystem);
   ExamInfo exam = null;
   List<ExamInfo> list = new ArrayList<ExamInfo>();
   // 循環(huán)工作表Sheet
   for (int numSheet = 0; numSheet < hssfWorkbook.getNumberOfSheets(); numSheet++) {
     HSSFSheet hssfSheet = hssfWorkbook.getSheetAt(numSheet);
     if (hssfSheet == null) {
       continue;
     }
     // 循環(huán)行Row
     for (int rowNum = 1; rowNum <= hssfSheet.getLastRowNum(); rowNum++) {
       HSSFRow hssfRow = hssfSheet.getRow(rowNum);
       if (hssfRow == null) {
         continue;
       }
       exam = new ExamInfo();
       // 循環(huán)列Cell 準考證號
       HSSFCell admission_number = hssfRow.getCell(0);
       if (admission_number == null) {
         continue;
       }
       exam.setAdmission_number(getValue(admission_number));
       //讀取身份證號
       HSSFCell userCard= hssfRow.getCell(2);
       if (userCard == null) {
        continue;
       }
       exam.setUserCard(getValue(userCard));
       //讀取座位號
       HSSFCell seat_number = hssfRow.getCell(3);
       if (seat_number == null) {
        continue;
       }
       exam.setSeat_number(getValue(seat_number));
       //讀取考場號
       HSSFCell fRoomName = hssfRow.getCell(6);
       if (fRoomName == null) {
        continue;
       }
       exam.setfRoomName(getValue(fRoomName));
       //讀取開考時間
       HSSFCell fBeginTime = hssfRow.getCell(8);
       if (fBeginTime == null) {
        continue;
       }
       exam.setfBeginTime(getValue(fBeginTime));
       //讀取結(jié)束時間
       HSSFCell fEndTime = hssfRow.getCell(9);
       if (fEndTime == null) {
        continue;
       }
       exam.setfEndTime(getValue(fEndTime));
       list.add(exam);
     }
   }
   return list;
 }
  /**
   * 得到Excel表中的值
   * 
   * @param hssfCell
   *      Excel中的每一個格子
   * @return Excel中每一個格子中的值
   */
  private static String getValue(HSSFCell hssfCell) {
    if (hssfCell.getCellType() == HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN) {
      // 返回布爾類型的值
      return String.valueOf(hssfCell.getBooleanCellValue());
    } else if (hssfCell.getCellType() == HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC) {
      // 返回數(shù)值類型的值
      DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("0"); 
      String strCell = df.format(hssfCell.getNumericCellValue());
      return String.valueOf(strCell);
    } else {
      // 返回字符串類型的值
      return String.valueOf(hssfCell.getStringCellValue());
    }
  }
}

當然有導入功能，一定也有導出功能，下面介紹導出功能，直接上代碼：

import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import com.forenms.exam.domain.ExamInfo;
public class ObjectToExcellUtil {
  //導出的文件名稱
  public static String FILE_NAME = "examInfo";
  public static String[] CELLS = {"序號","編號","真實姓名","證件類型","證件號","性別","出生年月","科目","準考證號","座位號","考場號","開考時間","結(jié)束時間"};
  //examId,realName,身份證,user_card,sex,沒有字段,assessment_project,admission_number,seat_number
  public static void examInfoToExcel(List<ExamInfo> xls,int CountColumnNum,String filename,String[] names,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
      // 獲取總列數(shù)
//     int CountColumnNum = CountColumnNum;
      // 創(chuàng)建Excel文檔
      HSSFWorkbook hwb = new HSSFWorkbook();
      ExamInfo xlsDto = null;
      // sheet 對應一個工作頁
      HSSFSheet sheet = hwb.createSheet(filename);
//     sheet.setColumnHidden(1,true);//隱藏列
      HSSFRow firstrow = sheet.createRow(0); // 下標為0的行開始
      HSSFCell[] firstcell = new HSSFCell[names.length];
      for (int j = 0; j < names.length; j++) {
         sheet.setColumnWidth(j, 5000);
        firstcell[j] = firstrow.createCell(j);
        firstcell[j].setCellValue(new HSSFRichTextString(names[j]));
      }
      for (int i = 0; i < CountColumnNum; i++) {
        // 創(chuàng)建一行
        HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(i + 1);
        // 得到要插入的每一條記錄
        xlsDto = xls.get(i);
        for (int colu = 0; colu <= 12; colu++) {
          // 在一行內(nèi)循環(huán)
          HSSFCell xh = row.createCell(0);
          xh.setCellValue(i+1);
          HSSFCell examid = row.createCell(1);
          examid.setCellValue(xlsDto.getExamId());
          HSSFCell realName = row.createCell(2);
          realName.setCellValue(xlsDto.getRealName());
          HSSFCell zjlx = row.createCell(3);
          zjlx.setCellValue("身份證");
          HSSFCell userCard = row.createCell(4);
          userCard.setCellValue(xlsDto.getUserCard());
          HSSFCell sex = row.createCell(5);
          sex.setCellValue(xlsDto.getSex());
          HSSFCell born = row.createCell(6);
          String bornTime = xlsDto.getUserCard().substring(6, 14);
          born.setCellValue(bornTime);
          HSSFCell assessment_project = row.createCell(7);
          assessment_project.setCellValue(xlsDto.getAssessmentProject());
          HSSFCell admission_number = row.createCell(8);
          admission_number.setCellValue(xlsDto.getAdmission_number());
          HSSFCell seat_number = row.createCell(9);
          seat_number.setCellValue(xlsDto.getSeat_number());
          HSSFCell fRoomName = row.createCell(10);
          fRoomName.setCellValue(xlsDto.getfRoomName());
          HSSFCell fBeginTime = row.createCell(11);
          fBeginTime.setCellValue(xlsDto.getfBeginTime());
          HSSFCell fEndTime = row.createCell(12);
          fEndTime.setCellValue(xlsDto.getfEndTime());
        }
      }
      // 創(chuàng)建文件輸出流，準備輸出電子表格
      response.reset();
      response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=GBK");
      response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+filename+".xls");
      OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream(); 
      hwb.write(os);
      os.close();
    }
}

導出的功能十分簡單，只要封裝好對象，直接調(diào)用方法即可，現(xiàn)在講講導入的時候前臺頁面怎么調(diào)用問題，

<form method="post" action="adminLogin/auditResults/import" enctype="multipart/form-data" onsubmit="return importData();"> 
<input id="filepath" name="insuranceExcelFile" type="file" size="30" value=""  style="font-size:14px" />
<button type="submit" style="height:25px" value="導入數(shù)據(jù)">導入數(shù)據(jù)</button>

導入的前臺表單提交的時候，要注意設置 enctype=”multipart/form-data” ，其他也沒什么難度。
后臺接受的controller：

/**
* 讀取用戶提供的examinfo.xls
* @param request
* @param response
* @param session
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@RequestMapping(value="adminLogin/auditResults/import",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView importExamInfoExcell(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session)throws Exception{
    //獲取請求封裝
    MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartRequest=(MultipartHttpServletRequest)request;
    Map<String, MultipartFile> fileMap = multipartRequest.getFileMap();
    //讀取需要填寫準考證號的人員名單
    ExamInfo examInfo = new ExamInfo();
    List<ExamInfo> info = examInfoService.queryExamInfoForDownLoad(examInfo);
    //獲取請求封裝對象
    for(Entry<String, MultipartFile> entry: fileMap.entrySet()){
      MultipartFile multipartFile = entry.getValue();
      InputStream inputStream = multipartFile.getInputStream();
      POIFSFileSystem poifsFileSystem = new POIFSFileSystem(inputStream);
      //從xml讀取需要的數(shù)據(jù)
      List<ExamInfo> list = ExcellToObjectUtil.readXlsForJS(poifsFileSystem);
      for (ExamInfo ei : list) {
         //通過匹配身份證號 填寫對應的數(shù)據(jù)
        for (ExamInfo in : info){
          //如果身份證號 相同 則錄入數(shù)據(jù)
if(in.getUserCard().trim().toUpperCase().equals(ei.getUserCard().trim().toUpperCase())){
            ei.setExamId(in.getExamId());
            examInfoService.updateExamInfoById(ei);
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView(PATH+"importExcelTip");
    request.setAttribute("data", "ok");
    return mav;
}

好了，Excel導入導出的功能都搞定了，簡單吧，需求自己修改一下封裝的對象格式和設置Excel的每個列即可自己使用??！

更多關(guān)于java相關(guān)內(nèi)容感興趣的讀者可查看本站專題：《Java操作Excel技巧總結(jié)》、《Java+MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫程序設計總結(jié)》、《Java數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)與算法教程》、《Java文件與目錄操作技巧匯總》及《Java操作DOM節(jié)點技巧總結(jié)》

希望本文所述對大家java程序設計有所幫助。

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