SpringBoot 注解事務(wù)聲明式事務(wù)的方式

更新時間：2017年09月01日 10:13:40 作者：mrguozp

springboot使用上述注解的幾種方式開啟事物，可以達到和xml中聲明的同樣效果，但是卻告別了xml，使你的代碼遠離配置文件。今天就扒一扒springboot中事務(wù)使用注解的玩法，感興趣的朋友一起看看吧

　springboot 對新人來說可能上手比springmvc要快，但是對于各位從springmvc轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)到springboot的話，有些地方還需要適應(yīng)下，尤其是xml配置。我個人是比較喜歡注解➕xml是因為看著方便，查找方便，清晰明了。但是xml完全可以使用注解代替，今天就扒一扒springboot中事務(wù)使用注解的玩法。

　　springboot的事務(wù)也主要分為兩大類，一是xml聲明式事務(wù)，二是注解事務(wù)，注解事務(wù)也可以實現(xiàn)類似聲明式事務(wù)的方法，關(guān)于注解聲明式事務(wù)，目前網(wǎng)上搜索不到合適的資料，所以在這里，我將自己查找和總結(jié)的幾個方法寫到這里，大家共同探討

springboot 之 xml事務(wù)

可以使用 @ImportResource("classpath:transaction.xml") 引入該xml的配置，xml的配置如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
  xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
  <bean id="txManager"
    class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" ></property>
  </bean>
  <tx:advice id="cftxAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
    <tx:attributes>
      <tx:method name="query*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" ></tx:method>
      <tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" ></tx:method>
      <tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" ></tx:method>
      <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" rollback-for="Exception" ></tx:method>
    </tx:attributes>
  </tx:advice>
   <aop:config>
    <aop:pointcut id="allManagerMethod" expression="execution (* com.exmaple.fm..service.*.*(..))" />
    <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="allManagerMethod" order="0" />
  </aop:config>
</beans>

springboot 啟動類如下：

package com.example.fm;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
@ImportResource("classpath:transaction.xml")
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
  }
}

　　啟動后即可開啟事務(wù)，不過項目里導(dǎo)入了xml配置，如果不想導(dǎo)入xml配置，可以使用注解的方式。

springboot 之注解事務(wù)

　　　注解事務(wù)講解之前，需要先了解下spring創(chuàng)建代理的幾個類,在spring內(nèi)部，是通過BeanPostProcessor來完成自動創(chuàng)建代理工作的。BeanPostProcessor接口的實現(xiàn)只是在ApplicationContext初始化的時候才會自動加載，而普通的BeanFactory只能通過編程的方式調(diào)用之。根據(jù) 匹配規(guī)則的不同大致分為三種類別：

　　　　a、匹配Bean的名稱自動創(chuàng)建匹配到的Bean的代理，實現(xiàn)類BeanNameAutoProxyCreator

<bean id="testInterceptor" class="com.example.service.config.testInerceptor”></bean>
<bean id="profileAutoProxyCreator" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.
autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyProxyCreator">
<bean>
<property name="beanNames">
<list>
<value>*Service</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="interceptorNames">
<value> testInterceptor </value>
</property>
</bean>

　　　　b、根據(jù)Bean中的AspectJ注解自動創(chuàng)建代理，實現(xiàn)類AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator

<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"/>
<bean id="annotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreatorTest" class="com.example.service.AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreatorTest"/>
<aop:config>
  <aop:aspect ref="annotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreatorTest">
    <aop:around method="process" pointcut="execution (* com.example.service.fm..*.*(..))"/>
  </aop:aspect>
</aop:config>

　　　　c、根據(jù)Advisor的匹配機制自動創(chuàng)建代理，會對容器中所有的Advisor進行掃描，自動將這些切面應(yīng)用到匹配的Bean中，實現(xiàn)類DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator

　　接下來開講注解開啟事務(wù)的方法：

1、Transactional注解事務(wù)

　　需要在進行事物管理的方法上添加注解@Transactional，或者偷懶的話直接在類上面添加該注解，使得所有的方法都進行事物的管理，但是依然需要在需要事務(wù)管理的類上都添加，工作量比較大，這里只是簡單說下，具體的可以google或者bing

2、注解聲明式事務(wù)

　　Component或Configuration中bean的區(qū)別，有時間我會專門寫一篇來講解下

　　a.方式1，這里使用Component或Configuration事務(wù)都可以生效　

package com.exmple.service.fm9.config;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.springframework.aop.Advisor;
import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcut;
import org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RollbackRuleAttribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RuleBasedTransactionAttribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;
/**
 * Created by guozp on 2017/8/28.
 */
@Aspect
//@Component 事務(wù)依然生效
@Configuration
public class TxAdviceInterceptor {
  private static final int TX_METHOD_TIMEOUT = 5;
  private static final String AOP_POINTCUT_EXPRESSION = "execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))";
  @Autowired
  private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;
  @Bean
  public TransactionInterceptor txAdvice() {
    NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource source = new NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource();
     /*只讀事務(wù)，不做更新操作*/
    RuleBasedTransactionAttribute readOnlyTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();
    readOnlyTx.setReadOnly(true);
    readOnlyTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED );
    /*當前存在事務(wù)就使用當前事務(wù)，當前不存在事務(wù)就創(chuàng)建一個新的事務(wù)*/
    RuleBasedTransactionAttribute requiredTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();
    requiredTx.setRollbackRules(
      Collections.singletonList(new RollbackRuleAttribute(Exception.class)));
    requiredTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED);
    requiredTx.setTimeout(TX_METHOD_TIMEOUT);
    Map<String, TransactionAttribute> txMap = new HashMap<>();
    txMap.put("add*", requiredTx);
    txMap.put("save*", requiredTx);
    txMap.put("insert*", requiredTx);
    txMap.put("update*", requiredTx);
    txMap.put("delete*", requiredTx);
    txMap.put("get*", readOnlyTx);
    txMap.put("query*", readOnlyTx);
    source.setNameMap( txMap );
    TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, source);
    return txAdvice;
  }
  @Bean
  public Advisor txAdviceAdvisor() {
    AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
    pointcut.setExpression(AOP_POINTCUT_EXPRESSION);
    return new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(pointcut, txAdvice());
    //return new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(pointcut, txAdvice);
  }
}

　b.方式1，這里使用Component或Configuration事務(wù)都可以生效

package com.exmple.service.fm9.config;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RollbackRuleAttribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.RuleBasedTransactionAttribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttribute;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAttributeSource;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;
/**
 * Created by guozp on 2017/8/29.
 */
//@Component 事務(wù)依然生效
@Configuration
public class TxAnoConfig {
  /*事務(wù)攔截類型*/
  @Bean("txSource")
  public TransactionAttributeSource transactionAttributeSource(){
    NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource source = new NameMatchTransactionAttributeSource();
     /*只讀事務(wù)，不做更新操作*/
    RuleBasedTransactionAttribute readOnlyTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();
    readOnlyTx.setReadOnly(true);
    readOnlyTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED );
    /*當前存在事務(wù)就使用當前事務(wù)，當前不存在事務(wù)就創(chuàng)建一個新的事務(wù)*/
    //RuleBasedTransactionAttribute requiredTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();
    //requiredTx.setRollbackRules(
    //  Collections.singletonList(new RollbackRuleAttribute(Exception.class)));
    //requiredTx.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED);
    RuleBasedTransactionAttribute requiredTx = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,
      Collections.singletonList(new RollbackRuleAttribute(Exception.class)));
    requiredTx.setTimeout(5);
    Map<String, TransactionAttribute> txMap = new HashMap<>();
    txMap.put("add*", requiredTx);
    txMap.put("save*", requiredTx);
    txMap.put("insert*", requiredTx);
    txMap.put("update*", requiredTx);
    txMap.put("delete*", requiredTx);
    txMap.put("get*", readOnlyTx);
    txMap.put("query*", readOnlyTx);
    source.setNameMap( txMap );
    return source;
  }
  /**切面攔截規(guī)則 參數(shù)會自動從容器中注入*/
  @Bean
  public AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor pointcutAdvisor(TransactionInterceptor txInterceptor){
    AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor pointcutAdvisor = new AspectJExpressionPointcutAdvisor();
    pointcutAdvisor.setAdvice(txInterceptor);
    pointcutAdvisor.setExpression("execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))");
    return pointcutAdvisor;
  }
  /*事務(wù)攔截器*/
  @Bean("txInterceptor")
  TransactionInterceptor getTransactionInterceptor(PlatformTransactionManager tx){
    return new TransactionInterceptor(tx , transactionAttributeSource()) ;
  }
}

c.方式1，這里使用Component或Configuration事務(wù)都可以生效

package com.exmple.service.fm9.config;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;
/**
 * Created by guozp on 2017/8/28.
 *
 */
//@Component
@Configuration
public class TxConfigBeanName {
  @Autowired
  private DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager;
  // 創(chuàng)建事務(wù)通知
  @Bean(name = "txAdvice")
  public TransactionInterceptor getAdvisor() throws Exception {
    Properties properties = new Properties();
    properties.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly");
    properties.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly");
    properties.setProperty("save*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly");
    properties.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly");
    properties.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception,readOnly");
    TransactionInterceptor tsi = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager,properties);
    return tsi;
  }
  @Bean
  public BeanNameAutoProxyCreator txProxy() {
    BeanNameAutoProxyCreator creator = new BeanNameAutoProxyCreator();
    creator.setInterceptorNames("txAdvice");
    creator.setBeanNames("*Service", "*ServiceImpl");
    creator.setProxyTargetClass(true);
    return creator;
  }
}

d.方式1，這里使用Component或Configuration并不是所有事務(wù)都可以生效，例如Configuration的時候如果打開注釋部分的而且不把代碼都移動到 defaultPointcutAdvisor()，事物會失效，具體原因暫時不明，如果各位有明白的，可以指點我下。

ackage com.alibaba.fm9.config;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcut;
import org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor;
/**
 * Created by guozp on 2017/8/28.
 *            ???????
 */
@Configuration //事務(wù)失效,都移動到一個方法不失效
//@Component // 事務(wù)可行，不用都移動到一個方法
public class TxOtherConfigDefaultBean {
  public static final String transactionExecution = "execution (* com.alibaba.fm9..service.*.*(..))";
  @Autowired
  private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;
  //@Bean
  //@ConditionalOnMissingBean
  //public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
  //  return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource);
  //}
  @Bean
  public TransactionInterceptor transactionInterceptor() {
    Properties attributes = new Properties();
    attributes.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
    attributes.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
    attributes.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
    attributes.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
    //TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager(), attributes);
    TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, attributes);
    return txAdvice;
  }
  //@Bean
  //public AspectJExpressionPointcut aspectJExpressionPointcut(){
  //  AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
  //  pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution);
  //  return pointcut;
  //}
  @Bean
  public DefaultPointcutAdvisor defaultPointcutAdvisor(){
    //AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
    //pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution);
    //DefaultPointcutAdvisor advisor = new DefaultPointcutAdvisor();
    //advisor.setPointcut(pointcut);
    //advisor.setAdvice(transactionInterceptor());
    AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
    pointcut.setExpression(transactionExecution);
    DefaultPointcutAdvisor advisor = new DefaultPointcutAdvisor();
    advisor.setPointcut(pointcut);
    Properties attributes = new Properties();
    attributes.setProperty("get*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
    attributes.setProperty("add*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
    attributes.setProperty("update*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
    attributes.setProperty("delete*", "PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,-Exception");
    TransactionInterceptor txAdvice = new TransactionInterceptor(transactionManager, attributes);
    advisor.setAdvice(txAdvice);
    return advisor;
  }
}

　　簡單來說，springboot使用上述注解的幾種方式開啟事物，可以達到和xml中聲明的同樣效果，但是卻告別了xml，使你的代碼遠離配置文件。

總結(jié)

以上所述是小編給大家介紹的SpringBoot 注解事務(wù)聲明式事務(wù)的方式，希望對大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時回復(fù)大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對腳本之家網(wǎng)站的支持！

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