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Android中okhttp3使用詳解

 更新時(shí)間：2017年09月04日 10:21:56   作者：peak1chen  
這篇文章主要介紹了Android中okhttp3使用詳解，非常具有實(shí)用價(jià)值，需要的朋友可以參考下

一、引入包

在項(xiàng)目module下的build.gradle添加okhttp3依賴

compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.3.1'

二、基本使用

1、okhttp3 Get 方法

1.1 、okhttp3 同步 Get方法

/**
 * 同步Get方法
 */
private void okHttp_synchronousGet() {
  new Thread(new Runnable() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
      try {
        String url = "https://api.github.com/";
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
        Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build();
        okhttp3.Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
        if (response.isSuccessful()) {
          Log.i(TAG, response.body().string());
        } else {
          Log.i(TAG, "okHttp is request error");
        }
      } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
  }).start();
}

 Request是okhttp3 的請求對象，Response是okhttp3中的響應(yīng)。通過response.isSuccessful()判斷請求是否成功。

@Contract(pure=true) 
public boolean isSuccessful()
Returns true if the code is in [200..300), which means the request was successfully received, understood, and accepted.

獲取返回的數(shù)據(jù)，可通過response.body().string()獲取，默認(rèn)返回的是utf-8格式；string()適用于獲取小數(shù)據(jù)信息，如果返回的數(shù)據(jù)超過1M，建議使用stream()獲取返回的數(shù)據(jù)，因?yàn)閟tring() 方法會(huì)將整個(gè)文檔加載到內(nèi)存中。

@NotNull 
public final java.lang.String string()
               throws java.io.IOException
Returns the response as a string decoded with the charset of the Content-Type header. If that header is either absent or lacks a charset, this will attempt to decode the response body as UTF-8.
Throws:
java.io.IOException

當(dāng)然也可以獲取流輸出形式；

public final java.io.InputStream byteStream()

1.2 、okhttp3 異步 Get方法

有時(shí)候需要下載一份文件（比如網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖片），如果文件比較大，整個(gè)下載會(huì)比較耗時(shí)，通常我們會(huì)將耗時(shí)任務(wù)放到工作線程中，而使用okhttp3異步方法，不需要我們開啟工作線程執(zhí)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求，返回的結(jié)果也在工作線程中；

/**
 * 異步 Get方法
 */
private void okHttp_asynchronousGet(){
  try {
    Log.i(TAG,"main thread id is "+Thread.currentThread().getId());
    String url = "https://api.github.com/";
    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
    Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build();
    client.newCall(request).enqueue(new okhttp3.Callback() {
      @Override
      public void onFailure(okhttp3.Call call, IOException e) {

      }

      @Override
      public void onResponse(okhttp3.Call call, okhttp3.Response response) throws IOException {
        // 注：該回調(diào)是子線程，非主線程
        Log.i(TAG,"callback thread id is "+Thread.currentThread().getId());
        Log.i(TAG,response.body().string());
      }
    });
  } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
  }
}

注：Android 4.0 之后，要求網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求必須在工作線程中運(yùn)行，不再允許在主線程中運(yùn)行。因此，如果使用 okhttp3 的同步Get方法，需要新起工作線程調(diào)用。

1.3 、添加請求頭

okhttp3添加請求頭，需要在Request.Builder()使用.header(String key,String value)或者.addHeader(String key,String value);
使用.header(String key,String value)，如果key已經(jīng)存在，將會(huì)移除該key對應(yīng)的value，然后將新value添加進(jìn)來，即替換掉原來的value；

使用.addHeader(String key,String value)，即使當(dāng)前的可以已經(jīng)存在值了，只會(huì)添加新value的值，并不會(huì)移除/替換原來的值。

private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

 public void run() throws Exception {
  Request request = new Request.Builder()
    .url("https://api.github.com/repos/square/okhttp/issues")
    .header("User-Agent", "OkHttp Headers.java")
    .addHeader("Accept", "application/json; q=0.5")
    .addHeader("Accept", "application/vnd.github.v3+json")
    .build();

  Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
  if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

  System.out.println("Server: " + response.header("Server"));
  System.out.println("Date: " + response.header("Date"));
  System.out.println("Vary: " + response.headers("Vary"));
 }

2、okhttp3 Post 方法

2.1 、Post 提交鍵值對

很多時(shí)候，我們需要通過Post方式把鍵值對數(shù)據(jù)傳送到服務(wù)器，okhttp3使用FormBody.Builder創(chuàng)建請求的參數(shù)鍵值對；

private void okHttp_postFromParameters() {
  new Thread(new Runnable() {
    @Override
    public void run() {
      try {
        // 請求完整url：http://api.k780.com:88/?app=weather.future&weaid=1&&appkey=10003&sign=b59bc3ef6191eb9f747dd4e83c99f2a4&format=json
        String url = "http://api.k780.com:88/";
        OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
        String json = "{'app':'weather.future','weaid':'1','appkey':'10003'," +
            "'sign':'b59bc3ef6191eb9f747dd4e83c99f2a4','format':'json'}";
        RequestBody formBody = new FormBody.Builder().add("app", "weather.future")
            .add("weaid", "1").add("appkey", "10003").add("sign",
                "b59bc3ef6191eb9f747dd4e83c99f2a4").add("format", "json")
            .build();
        Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).post(formBody).build();
        okhttp3.Response response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
        Log.i(TAG, response.body().string());
      } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    }
  }).start();
}

2.2 、Post a String

可以使用Post方法發(fā)送一串字符串，但不建議發(fā)送超過1M的文本信息，如下示例展示了，發(fā)送一個(gè)markdown文本

public static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN
   = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");

 private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

 public void run() throws Exception {
  String postBody = ""
    + "Releases\n"
    + "--------\n"
    + "\n"
    + " * _1.0_ May 6, 2013\n"
    + " * _1.1_ June 15, 2013\n"
    + " * _1.2_ August 11, 2013\n";

  Request request = new Request.Builder()
    .url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
    .post(RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN, postBody))
    .build();

  Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
  if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

  System.out.println(response.body().string());
 }

2.3 、Post Streaming

post可以將stream對象作為請求體，依賴以O(shè)kio 將數(shù)據(jù)寫成輸出流形式；

public static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN
   = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");

 private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

 public void run() throws Exception {
  RequestBody requestBody = new RequestBody() {
   @Override public MediaType contentType() {
    return MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN;
   }

   @Override public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {
    sink.writeUtf8("Numbers\n");
    sink.writeUtf8("-------\n");
    for (int i = 2; i <= 997; i++) {
     sink.writeUtf8(String.format(" * %s = %s\n", i, factor(i)));
    }
   }

   private String factor(int n) {
    for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) {
     int x = n / i;
     if (x * i == n) return factor(x) + " × " + i;
    }
    return Integer.toString(n);
   }
  };

  Request request = new Request.Builder()
    .url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
    .post(requestBody)
    .build();

  Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
  if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

  System.out.println(response.body().string());
 }

2.4 、Post file

public static final MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN
   = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");

 private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

 public void run() throws Exception {
  File file = new File("README.md");

  Request request = new Request.Builder()
    .url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
    .post(RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_MARKDOWN, file))
    .build();

  Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
  if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

  System.out.println(response.body().string());
 }

3、其他配置

3.1 、Gson解析Response的Gson對象

如果Response對象的內(nèi)容是個(gè)json字符串，可以使用Gson將字符串格式化為對象。ResponseBody.charStream()使用響應(yīng)頭中的Content-Type 作為Response返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)的編碼方式，默認(rèn)是UTF-8。

private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
 private final Gson gson = new Gson();

 public void run() throws Exception {
  Request request = new Request.Builder()
    .url("https://api.github.com/gists/c2a7c39532239ff261be")
    .build();
  Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
  if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

  Gist gist = gson.fromJson(response.body().charStream(), Gist.class);
  for (Map.Entry<String, GistFile> entry : gist.files.entrySet()) {
   System.out.println(entry.getKey());
   System.out.println(entry.getValue().content);
  }
 }

 static class Gist {
  Map<String, GistFile> files;
 }

 static class GistFile {
  String content;
 }

3.2 、okhttp3 本地緩存

okhttp框架全局必須只有一個(gè)OkHttpClient實(shí)例（new OkHttpClient()），并在第一次創(chuàng)建實(shí)例的時(shí)候，配置好緩存路徑和大小。只要設(shè)置的緩存，okhttp默認(rèn)就會(huì)自動(dòng)使用緩存功能。

package com.jackchan.test.okhttptest;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.util.Log;

import com.squareup.okhttp.Cache;
import com.squareup.okhttp.CacheControl;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Call;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Callback;
import com.squareup.okhttp.OkHttpClient;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Request;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Response;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;


public class TestActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

  private final static String TAG = "TestActivity";

  private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_test);
    File sdcache = getExternalCacheDir();
    int cacheSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024; // 10 MiB
    client.setCache(new Cache(sdcache.getAbsoluteFile(), cacheSize));
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        try {
          execute();
        } catch (Exception e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
      }
    }).start();
  }

  public void execute() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
        .build();

    Response response1 = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response1.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response1);

    String response1Body = response1.body().string();
    System.out.println("Response 1 response:     " + response1);
    System.out.println("Response 1 cache response:  " + response1.cacheResponse());
    System.out.println("Response 1 network response: " + response1.networkResponse());

    Response response2 = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response2.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response2);

    String response2Body = response2.body().string();
    System.out.println("Response 2 response:     " + response2);
    System.out.println("Response 2 cache response:  " + response2.cacheResponse());
    System.out.println("Response 2 network response: " + response2.networkResponse());

    System.out.println("Response 2 equals Response 1? " + response1Body.equals(response2Body));

  }
}

okhttpclient有點(diǎn)像Application的概念，統(tǒng)籌著整個(gè)okhttp的大功能，通過它設(shè)置緩存目錄，我們執(zhí)行上面的代碼，得到的結(jié)果如下

response1 的結(jié)果在networkresponse，代表是從網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求加載過來的，而response2的networkresponse 就為null，而cacheresponse有數(shù)據(jù)，因?yàn)槲以O(shè)置了緩存因此第二次請求時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)緩存里有就不再去走網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求了。

但有時(shí)候即使在有緩存的情況下我們依然需要去后臺請求最新的資源（比如資源更新了）這個(gè)時(shí)候可以使用強(qiáng)制走網(wǎng)絡(luò)來要求必須請求網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)

public void execute() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
        .build();

    Response response1 = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response1.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response1);

    String response1Body = response1.body().string();
    System.out.println("Response 1 response:     " + response1);
    System.out.println("Response 1 cache response:  " + response1.cacheResponse());
    System.out.println("Response 1 network response: " + response1.networkResponse());

    request = request.newBuilder().cacheControl(CacheControl.FORCE_NETWORK).build();
    Response response2 = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response2.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response2);

    String response2Body = response2.body().string();
    System.out.println("Response 2 response:     " + response2);
    System.out.println("Response 2 cache response:  " + response2.cacheResponse());
    System.out.println("Response 2 network response: " + response2.networkResponse());

    System.out.println("Response 2 equals Response 1? " + response1Body.equals(response2Body));

  }

上面的代碼中

response2對應(yīng)的request變成

復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:

request = request.newBuilder().cacheControl(CacheControl.FORCE_NETWORK).build();

我們看看運(yùn)行結(jié)果

response2的cache response為null，network response依然有數(shù)據(jù)。

同樣的我們可以使用 FORCE_CACHE 強(qiáng)制只要使用緩存的數(shù)據(jù)，但如果請求必須從網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取才有數(shù)據(jù)，但又使用了FORCE_CACHE 策略就會(huì)返回504錯(cuò)誤，代碼如下，我們?nèi)khttpclient的緩存，并設(shè)置request為FORCE_CACHE

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_test);
    File sdcache = getExternalCacheDir();
    int cacheSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024; // 10 MiB
    //client.setCache(new Cache(sdcache.getAbsoluteFile(), cacheSize));
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        try {
          execute();
        } catch (Exception e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
          System.out.println(e.getMessage().toString());
        }
      }
    }).start();
  }

  public void execute() throws Exception {
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
        .url("http://publicobject.com/helloworld.txt")
        .build();

    Response response1 = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response1.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response1);

    String response1Body = response1.body().string();
    System.out.println("Response 1 response:     " + response1);
    System.out.println("Response 1 cache response:  " + response1.cacheResponse());
    System.out.println("Response 1 network response: " + response1.networkResponse());

    request = request.newBuilder().cacheControl(CacheControl.FORCE_CACHE).build();
    Response response2 = client.newCall(request).execute();
    if (!response2.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response2);

    String response2Body = response2.body().string();
    System.out.println("Response 2 response:     " + response2);
    System.out.println("Response 2 cache response:  " + response2.cacheResponse());
    System.out.println("Response 2 network response: " + response2.networkResponse());

    System.out.println("Response 2 equals Response 1? " + response1Body.equals(response2Body));

  }

3.3 、okhttp3 取消請求

如果一個(gè)okhttp3網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求已經(jīng)不再需要，可以使用Call.cancel()來終止正在準(zhǔn)備的同步/異步請求。如果一個(gè)線程正在寫一個(gè)請求或是讀取返回的response，它將會(huì)接收到一個(gè)IOException。

private final ScheduledExecutorService executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
 private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

 public void run() throws Exception {
  Request request = new Request.Builder()
    .url("http://httpbin.org/delay/2") // This URL is served with a 2 second delay.
    .build();

  final long startNanos = System.nanoTime();
  final Call call = client.newCall(request);

  // Schedule a job to cancel the call in 1 second.
  executor.schedule(new Runnable() {
   @Override public void run() {
    System.out.printf("%.2f Canceling call.%n", (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
    call.cancel();
    System.out.printf("%.2f Canceled call.%n", (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
   }
  }, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

  try {
   System.out.printf("%.2f Executing call.%n", (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f);
   Response response = call.execute();
   System.out.printf("%.2f Call was expected to fail, but completed: %s%n",
     (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f, response);
  } catch (IOException e) {
   System.out.printf("%.2f Call failed as expected: %s%n",
     (System.nanoTime() - startNanos) / 1e9f, e);
  }
 }

3.4 、okhttp3 超時(shí)設(shè)置

okhttp3 支持設(shè)置連接超時(shí)，讀寫超時(shí)。

private final OkHttpClient client;

 public ConfigureTimeouts() throws Exception {
  client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
    .connectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    .writeTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    .readTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    .build();
 }

 public void run() throws Exception {
  Request request = new Request.Builder()
    .url("http://httpbin.org/delay/2") // This URL is served with a 2 second delay.
    .build();

  Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
  System.out.println("Response completed: " + response);
 }

3.5 、okhttp3 復(fù)用okhttpclient配置

所有HTTP請求的代理設(shè)置，超時(shí)，緩存設(shè)置等都需要在OkHttpClient中設(shè)置。如果需要更改一個(gè)請求的配置，可以使用 OkHttpClient.newBuilder()獲取一個(gè)builder對象，該builder對象與原來OkHttpClient共享相同的連接池，配置等。

如下示例，拷貝2個(gè)'OkHttpClient的配置，然后分別設(shè)置不同的超時(shí)時(shí)間；

private final OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

 public void run() throws Exception {
  Request request = new Request.Builder()
    .url("http://httpbin.org/delay/1") // This URL is served with a 1 second delay.
    .build();

  try {
   // Copy to customize OkHttp for this request.
   OkHttpClient copy = client.newBuilder()
     .readTimeout(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
     .build();

   Response response = copy.newCall(request).execute();
   System.out.println("Response 1 succeeded: " + response);
  } catch (IOException e) {
   System.out.println("Response 1 failed: " + e);
  }

  try {
   // Copy to customize OkHttp for this request.
   OkHttpClient copy = client.newBuilder()
     .readTimeout(3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
     .build();

   Response response = copy.newCall(request).execute();
   System.out.println("Response 2 succeeded: " + response);
  } catch (IOException e) {
   System.out.println("Response 2 failed: " + e);
  }
 }

3.6 、okhttp3 處理驗(yàn)證

okhttp3 會(huì)自動(dòng)重試未驗(yàn)證的請求。當(dāng)一個(gè)請求返回401 Not Authorized時(shí)，需要提供Anthenticator。

 private final OkHttpClient client;

 public Authenticate() {
  client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
    .authenticator(new Authenticator() {
     @Override public Request authenticate(Route route, Response response) throws IOException {
      System.out.println("Authenticating for response: " + response);
      System.out.println("Challenges: " + response.challenges());
      String credential = Credentials.basic("jesse", "password1");
      return response.request().newBuilder()
        .header("Authorization", credential)
        .build();
     }
    })
    .build();
 }

 public void run() throws Exception {
  Request request = new Request.Builder()
    .url("http://publicobject.com/secrets/hellosecret.txt")
    .build();

  Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
  if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

  System.out.println(response.body().string());
 }

以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容，希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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