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Android藍牙通信之搜索藍牙設(shè)備

 更新時間：2017年09月29日 09:53:03   作者：山城碼農(nóng)  
這篇文章主要介紹了Android藍牙通信之搜索藍牙設(shè)備,需要的朋友可以參考下

一：注意事項

      1：android6.0使用藍牙時，需要開啟gps定位權(quán)限，不然無法搜索其它藍牙設(shè)備。

二：權(quán)限

      1：權(quán)限配置

<!--允許程序連接到已配對的藍牙設(shè)備-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<!-- 允許程序發(fā)現(xiàn)和配對藍牙設(shè)備 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
 <!--android 6.0 涉及到的權(quán)限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<!-- 在SDCard中創(chuàng)建與刪除文件的權(quán)限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>
<!-- 往SDCard寫入數(shù)據(jù)的權(quán)限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

    2：動態(tài)權(quán)限代碼

    由于需要用到存儲卡，定位等，android6.0以上需要代碼動態(tài)設(shè)置。

   a)獲取定位設(shè)置

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
  boolean isLocat = isLocationOpen(getApplicationContext());
  Toast.makeText(mContext, "isLo:" + isLocat, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
   //開啟位置服務(wù)，支持獲取ble藍牙掃描結(jié)果
  if (!isLocat) {
  Intent enableLocate = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);
  startActivityForResult(enableLocate, 1);
  }
}
 /**
  * 判斷位置信息是否開啟
  *
  * @param context
  * @return
  */
 private static boolean isLocationOpen(final Context context) {
  LocationManager manager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
  //gps定位
  boolean isGpsProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
  //網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位
  boolean isNetWorkProvider = manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
  return isGpsProvider || isNetWorkProvider;
 }

b)存儲卡權(quán)限設(shè)置

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
   int write = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
   int read = checkSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
   //動態(tài)請求讀寫sd卡權(quán)限
   if (write != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || read != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, SD_CARD);
   }
}

然后通過onRequestPermissionsResult（）方法獲取動態(tài)權(quán)限的結(jié)果：

@Override
 public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
  switch (requestCode){
   case SD_CARD:
    if(grantResults.length>0&&grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
     //允許訪問
    }else{
     Toast.makeText(mContext,"您拒絕了程序訪問存儲卡",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }
    break;
   case COARES_LOCATION:
    break;
  }
 }

 三：藍牙搜索

android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter 是藍牙開發(fā)用得比較多，并且比較重要的一個類，可以設(shè)備藍牙名稱，打開，關(guān)閉，搜索等常規(guī)操作。

  1 藍牙打開，以及搜索

     藍牙打開和關(guān)閉信息使用BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED去接收廣播

BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
mBluetoothAdapter.setName("blueTestPhone"); 
//判斷藍牙是否打開
boolean originalBluetooth = (mBluetoothAdapter != null && mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled());
if (originalBluetooth) {
 mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
} else if (originalBluetooth == false) {
 mBluetoothAdapter.enable();
}

藍牙打開后，我們可以獲取設(shè)備的藍牙信息

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 //獲取本機藍牙名稱
 String name = mBluetoothAdapter.getName();
//獲取本機藍牙地址
 String address = mBluetoothAdapter.getAddress();

搜索完成后，通過BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND廣播去接收結(jié)果，廣播代碼如下(注意：可能出現(xiàn)設(shè)備搜索不到的情況，設(shè)備需要開啟允許周圍設(shè)備搜索，或者通過程序來控制允許搜索的時間范圍)

 /*確保藍牙被發(fā)現(xiàn)，在榮耀8手機上，設(shè)置了還是默認的2分鐘，所以以下幾句代碼程序中沒有，*/
Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
//設(shè)置可見狀態(tài)的持續(xù)時間為300秒，但是最多是300秒
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
startActivityForResult(discoverableIntent, REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BLUETOOTH);
private void initSearchBroadcast() {
  IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
  //發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備
  intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
  //設(shè)備配對狀態(tài)改變
  intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
  //藍牙設(shè)備狀態(tài)改變
  intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);
  //開始掃描
  intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED);
  //結(jié)束掃描
  intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
  //其它設(shè)備請求配對
  intentFilter.addAction(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST);
  //intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED);
  registerReceiver(bluetoothReceiver, intentFilter);
 }
private BroadcastReceiver bluetoothReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
  @Override
  public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
   String action = intent.getAction();
   Logger.e(TAG + "mBluetoothReceiver action =" + action);
   try {
    if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED.equals(action)) {//開始掃描
     setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true);
     log1.setText("正在掃描設(shè)備，請稍候...");
    } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {//結(jié)束掃描
     Logger.e(TAG + "設(shè)備搜索完畢");
     setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false);
     log1.setText("掃描完成");
     bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
     unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
     scanStatus = false;
    } else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {//發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備
     findDevice(intent);
    } else if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) {//藍牙配對狀態(tài)的廣播
     BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
     Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播:" + device.getBondState());
     switch (device.getBondState()) {
      case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING:
       Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播 正在配對......");
       break;
      case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED:
       Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播 完成配對,本機自動配對");
       bondDevices.add(device);
       unbondDevices.remove(device);
       bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
       unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); 
       break;
      case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE:
       Logger.e(TAG + device.getName() + "藍牙配對廣播 取消配對");
       unbondDevices.add(device);
       bondDevices.remove(device);
       unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
       bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
      default:
       break;
     }
    } else if (action.equals(ACTION_PAIRING_REQUEST)) {//其它設(shè)備藍牙配對請求
     BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
     int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //當(dāng)前的配對的狀態(tài)
     try {
      String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/";
      String deviceName = btDevice.getName();
      Logger.e(TAG + "藍牙 匹配信息：" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state);
      //1.確認配對，高版本無效,藍牙配對不是zuk的問題，而是安卓6.0的bug，凡是遇到藍牙適配問題的，請同時打開藍牙和定位，再去配對，基本90%都沒有問題了。
      Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true);
      //2.終止有序廣播,如果沒有將廣播終止，則會出現(xiàn)一個一閃而過的配對框。
      abortBroadcast();
      //3.調(diào)用setPin方法進行配對...
      boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD);
     } catch (Exception e) {
      // TODO Auto-generated catch block
      e.printStackTrace();
      Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
     }
    } else if (action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED)) {//藍牙開關(guān)狀態(tài)
     // BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
     int statue = mBluetoothAdapter.getState();
     switch (statue) {
      case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF:
       Logger.e("藍牙狀態(tài)：,藍牙關(guān)閉");
       ClsUtils.closeDiscoverableTimeout(mBluetoothAdapter);
       break;
      case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON:
       Logger.e("藍牙狀態(tài)：,藍牙打開");
       ClsUtils.setDiscoverableTimeout(1000 * 60, mBluetoothAdapter);
       scanBluetooth();
       break;
      case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF:
       Logger.e("藍牙狀態(tài)：,藍牙正在關(guān)閉");
       mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
       break;
      case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON:
       Logger.e("藍牙狀態(tài)：,藍牙正在打開");
       break;
     }
    }
   } catch (Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   }
  }
 };
//發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備的代碼如下
 private void findDevice(Intent intent) throws Exception{
 //獲取到設(shè)備對象
 BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
 String str = device.getName() + "|" + device.getAddress();
 Logger.e("掃描到設(shè)備：" + str);
 if (device.getBondState() == BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {//判斷當(dāng)前設(shè)備地址下的device是否已經(jīng)配對
  if (!bondDevices.contains(device)) {
   bondDevices.add(device);
  }
 } else {
  if (!unbondDevices.contains(device)) {
   unbondDevices.add(device);
  }
  if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) {
   boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device);
   Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus);
  }
 }
 Log.e("error", "搜索完畢，準(zhǔn)備刷新!");
 bondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
 unbondAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}

四：藍牙配對

   正常情況下，藍牙匹配需要彈出一個匹配確認框，如下圖,但我想實現(xiàn)的是，匹配其中一方，不能手動點擊配對，因為發(fā)起藍牙連接的設(shè)備是android設(shè)備，是不能觸摸的，所以就要通過程序來解決這個問題，特別聲明：（測試的android設(shè)備，版本為5.x，并且已經(jīng)root,沒有root的設(shè)備，或者不是android5.x不清楚能否實現(xiàn)自動匹配，因為我只有這個測試設(shè)備）。

1 當(dāng)我們搜索到目標(biāo)手機的藍牙后，android設(shè)備主動發(fā)起連接請求，代碼如下

 if (device.getName().equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)) {
    boolean bondStatus = ClsUtils.createBond(device.getClass(), device);
    Logger.i(TAG + " bondStatus:" + bondStatus);
 }
//發(fā)起藍牙匹配請求 
public boolean createBond(Class btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice)
   throws Exception {
  Method createBondMethod = btClass.getMethod("createBond");
  Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) createBondMethod.invoke(btDevice);
  return returnValue.booleanValue();
}

2 當(dāng)被匹配方點擊配對后，系統(tǒng)會通過BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED廣播告訴android設(shè)備，此時android設(shè)備就可以自動確認，通過這個流程來完成整個藍牙的配對,具體代碼如下

 BluetoothDevice btDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
     int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_BOND_STATE, BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE); //當(dāng)前的配對的狀態(tài)
     try {
      String path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/blueTest/";
      String deviceName = btDevice.getName();
      Logger.e(TAG + "藍牙 匹配信息：" + deviceName + "," + btDevice.getAddress() + ",state:" + state); 
      if(deviceName.equals(TEST_DEVICE_NAME)){//TEST_DEVICE_NAME 為被匹配藍牙設(shè)備的名稱，自己手動定義
       Object object = ClsUtils.setPairingConfirmation(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, true);
       abortBroadcast();
       boolean ret = ClsUtils.setPin(btDevice.getClass(), btDevice, PWD);
      }
     } catch (Exception e) {
      // TODO Auto-generated catch block
      e.printStackTrace();
      Toast.makeText(mContenxt, "error:" + btDevice + "," + state, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
     }
//確認配對
public Object setPairingConfirmation(Class<?> btClass, BluetoothDevice device, boolean isConfirm) throws Exception {
  Method setPairingConfirmation = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPairingConfirmation", boolean.class);
  Object object = setPairingConfirmation.invoke(device, isConfirm);
   return object;
 }
//配對需要調(diào)用的方法
public boolean setPin(Class<? extends BluetoothDevice> btClass, BluetoothDevice btDevice,
         String str) throws Exception {
  try {
   Method removeBondMethod = btClass.getDeclaredMethod("setPin",
     new Class[]
       {byte[].class});
   Boolean returnValue = (Boolean) removeBondMethod.invoke(btDevice,
     new Object[]
       {str.getBytes()});
   Log.e("returnValue", "" + returnValue);
  } catch (SecurityException e) {
   // throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
   e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
   // throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
   e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (Exception e) {
   // TODO Auto-generated catch block
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
  return true;
 }

      到目前為止，藍牙權(quán)限，以及動態(tài)權(quán)限，藍牙的打開，關(guān)閉，搜索，以及自動配對(特別聲明：（自動配對的android設(shè)備，版本為5.x，并且已經(jīng)root,沒有root的設(shè)備，或者不是android5.x不清楚能否實現(xiàn)自動匹配，因為我只有這個測試設(shè)備）。)代碼至此結(jié)束。

demo代碼下載：github

總結(jié)

以上所述是小編給大家介紹的Android藍牙通信之搜索藍牙設(shè)備，希望對大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時回復(fù)大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對腳本之家網(wǎng)站的支持！

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