Android使用OkHttp請求自簽名的https網(wǎng)站的示例
前言
很多公司考慮到安全問題,項目中都采用https加密協(xié)議進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。但是一些公司又不想花一筆錢去CA申請證書,所以就采用自簽名的證書。
OkHttp默認(rèn)是可以訪問通過CA認(rèn)證的HTTPS鏈接,例如百度首頁也是https鏈接(https://www.baidu.com/)。但是如果是你們公司自簽名(即自己用keytool生成的證書,而不是采用通過CA認(rèn)證的證書)的服務(wù)器,OkHttp是無法訪問的,例如訪問12306網(wǎng)站(https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/),會報如下錯誤:
HTTPS的工作原理
HTTPS在傳輸數(shù)據(jù)之前需要客戶端(瀏覽器)與服務(wù)端(網(wǎng)站)之間進(jìn)行一次握手,在握手過程中將確立雙方加密傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的密碼信息。握手過程的簡單描述如下:
- 瀏覽器將自己支持的一套加密算法、HASH算法發(fā)送給網(wǎng)站。
- 網(wǎng)站從中選出一組加密算法與HASH算法,并將自己的身份信息以證書的形式發(fā)回給瀏覽器。證書里面包含了網(wǎng)站地址,加密公鑰,以及證書的頒發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)等信息。
- 瀏覽器獲得網(wǎng)站證書之后,開始驗證證書的合法性,如果證書信任,則生成一串隨機(jī)數(shù)字作為通訊過程中對稱加密的秘鑰。然后取出證書中的公鑰,將這串?dāng)?shù)字以及HASH的結(jié)果進(jìn)行加密,然后發(fā)給網(wǎng)站。
- 網(wǎng)站接收瀏覽器發(fā)來的數(shù)據(jù)之后,通過私鑰進(jìn)行解密,然后HASH校驗,如果一致,則使用瀏覽器發(fā)來的數(shù)字串使加密一段握手消息發(fā)給瀏覽器。
- 瀏覽器解密,并HASH校驗,沒有問題,則握手結(jié)束。接下來的傳輸過程將由之前瀏覽器生成的隨機(jī)密碼并利用對稱加密算法進(jìn)行加密。
握手過程中如果有任何錯誤,都會使加密連接斷開,從而阻止了隱私信息的傳輸。
使用OKHTTP請求自簽名的https服務(wù)器數(shù)據(jù)
以下我們使用12306網(wǎng)站為例
1. 首先去12306網(wǎng)站首頁下載證書 http://www.12306.cn/
2. 將下載的證書srca.cer放到工程的assets文件夾下。
3. 添加HTTPS工具類
package com.alpha58.okhttp; import android.content.Context; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.security.GeneralSecurityException; import java.security.KeyStore; import java.security.cert.Certificate; import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collection; import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory; import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; import okhttp3.OkHttpClient; /** * Created by admin on 2017/03/12. */ public final class HTTPSUtils { private OkHttpClient client; public Context mContext; /** * 獲取OkHttpClient實例 * @return */ public OkHttpClient getInstance() { return client; } /** * 初始化HTTPS,添加信任證書 * @param context */ public HTTPSUtils(Context context) { mContext = context; X509TrustManager trustManager; SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory; final InputStream inputStream; try { inputStream = mContext.getAssets().open("srca.cer"); // 得到證書的輸入流 try { trustManager = trustManagerForCertificates(inputStream);//以流的方式讀入證書 SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[]{trustManager}, null); sslSocketFactory = sslContext.getSocketFactory(); } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } client = new OkHttpClient.Builder() .sslSocketFactory(sslSocketFactory, trustManager) .build(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 以流的方式添加信任證書 */ /** * Returns a trust manager that trusts {@code certificates} and none other. HTTPS services whose * certificates have not been signed by these certificates will fail with a {@code * SSLHandshakeException}. * <p> * <p>This can be used to replace the host platform's built-in trusted certificates with a custom * set. This is useful in development where certificate authority-trusted certificates aren't * available. Or in production, to avoid reliance on third-party certificate authorities. * <p> * <p> * <h3>Warning: Customizing Trusted Certificates is Dangerous!</h3> * <p> * <p>Relying on your own trusted certificates limits your server team's ability to update their * TLS certificates. By installing a specific set of trusted certificates, you take on additional * operational complexity and limit your ability to migrate between certificate authorities. Do * not use custom trusted certificates in production without the blessing of your server's TLS * administrator. */ private X509TrustManager trustManagerForCertificates(InputStream in) throws GeneralSecurityException { CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509"); Collection<? extends Certificate> certificates = certificateFactory.generateCertificates(in); if (certificates.isEmpty()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("expected non-empty set of trusted certificates"); } // Put the certificates a key store. char[] password = "password".toCharArray(); // Any password will work. KeyStore keyStore = newEmptyKeyStore(password); int index = 0; for (Certificate certificate : certificates) { String certificateAlias = Integer.toString(index++); keyStore.setCertificateEntry(certificateAlias, certificate); } // Use it to build an X509 trust manager. KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance( KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm()); keyManagerFactory.init(keyStore, password); TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance( TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm()); trustManagerFactory.init(keyStore); TrustManager[] trustManagers = trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers(); if (trustManagers.length != 1 || !(trustManagers[0] instanceof X509TrustManager)) { throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected default trust managers:" + Arrays.toString(trustManagers)); } return (X509TrustManager) trustManagers[0]; } /** * 添加password * @param password * @return * @throws GeneralSecurityException */ private KeyStore newEmptyKeyStore(char[] password) throws GeneralSecurityException { try { KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); // 這里添加自定義的密碼,默認(rèn) InputStream in = null; // By convention, 'null' creates an empty key store. keyStore.load(in, password); return keyStore; } catch (IOException e) { throw new AssertionError(e); } } }
4.代碼中請求
public void getHttpsHtml(View view) { Request request = new Request.Builder() .url("https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/") .build(); HTTPSUtils httpsUtils = new HTTPSUtils(this); httpsUtils.getInstance().newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() { @Override public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) { System.out.println("--------------onFailure--------------" + e.toString()); } @Override public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException { System.out.println("--------------onResponse--------------" + response.body().string()); } }); }
5. 最后能打印出這些信息就說明請求成功啦!
注意:別忘了加權(quán)限和依賴okhttp庫
Demo地址:https://github.com/Alpha58/okhttps
以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容,希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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