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基于php雙引號中訪問數(shù)組元素報錯的解決方法

 更新時間:2018年02月01日 10:30:42   投稿:jingxian  
下面小編就為大家分享一篇基于php雙引號中訪問數(shù)組元素報錯的解決方法,具有很好的參考價值,希望對大家有所幫助。一起跟隨小編過來看看吧

最近在做微信公眾號開發(fā),在一個發(fā)送圖文接口中,需要把數(shù)組元素拼接在XML字符串中

foreach ($itemArr as $key => $value){ 
  $items .= "<item> 
  <Title><![CDATA[$value['title']]]></Title>  
  <Description><![CDATA[[$value['description']]]></Description> 
  <PicUrl><![CDATA[$value['picUrl']]]></PicUrl> 
  <Url><![CDATA[$value['url']]]></Url> 
  </item>"; 
} 

結(jié)果竟報如下錯誤信息:

Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '' (T_ENCAPSED_AND_WHITESPACE), expecting identifier (T_STRING) or variable (T_VARIABLE) or number (T_NUM_STRING) in D:\hhp\wamp\www\weixin\wx_sample.php on line 146

從錯誤信息看是單引號的問題,果斷去掉之后就沒報錯了。然而我就納悶了,引用下標(biāo)為字符串的數(shù)組元素難道不該加引號嗎?到php官方手冊去查了關(guān)于數(shù)組的描述,有一段是這樣的:

$arr = array('fruit' => 'apple', 'veggie' => 'carrot'); 
// This will not work, and will result in a parse error, such as: 
// Parse error: parse error, expecting T_STRING' or T_VARIABLE' or T_NUM_STRING' 
// This of course applies to using superglobals in strings as well 
print "Hello $arr['fruit']"; 
print "Hello $_GET['foo']"; 

這里給出了兩種錯誤的寫法,當(dāng)一個普通數(shù)組變量或超全局數(shù)組變量包含在雙引號中時,引用索引為字符串的數(shù)組元素,索引字符串不應(yīng)該再添加單引號。那正確的寫法是怎樣的呢?于是我繼續(xù)查找官方手冊,找到如下說法:

$arr = array('fruit' => 'apple', 'veggie' => 'carrot');

// This defines a constant to demonstrate what's going on. The value 'veggie'
// is assigned to a constant named fruit.
define('fruit', 'veggie');

// The following is okay, as it's inside a string. Constants are not looked for// within strings, so no E_NOTICE occurs hereprint "Hello $arr[fruit]";   // Hello apple// With one exception: braces surrounding arrays within strings allows constants// to be interpretedprint "Hello {$arr[fruit]}";  // Hello carrotprint "Hello {$arr['fruit']}"; // Hello apple

$arr = array('fruit' => 'apple', 'veggie' => 'carrot');

// This defines a constant to demonstrate what's going on. The value 'veggie'
// is assigned to a constant named fruit.
define('fruit', 'veggie');

// The following is okay, as it's inside a string. Constants are not looked for
// within strings, so no E_NOTICE occurs here
print "Hello $arr[fruit]";   // Hello apple

// With one exception: braces surrounding arrays within strings allows constants
// to be interpreted
print "Hello {$arr[fruit]}";  // Hello carrot
print "Hello {$arr['fruit']}"; // Hello apple

這里給出了三種正確的寫法:

第一種寫法索引字符串不添加任何引號,此時表示獲取索引為字符串fruit的數(shù)組元素,輸出apple。

第二種寫法索引字符串也沒有添加任何引號,同時將數(shù)組變量用一對花括號{ }給包了起來,此時fruit實際上表示一個常量,而不是一個字符串,因此表示獲取索引為fruit常量值的數(shù)組元素,常量fruit的值是veggie,所以輸出carrot。

第三種寫法是引用字符串不但添加了單引號,同時也將數(shù)組變量用一對花括號{ }給包了起來,此時表示獲取索引為字符串fruit的數(shù)組元素,輸出apple。

后來我繼續(xù)查找,發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣一段代碼:

// Incorrect. This works but also throws a PHP error of level E_NOTICE because 
// of an undefined constant named fruit 
//  
// Notice: Use of undefined constant fruit - assumed 'fruit' in... 
print $arr[fruit];  // apple 
<pre name="code" class="php">print $arr['fruit']; // apple 
// This defines a constant to demonstrate what's going on. The value 'veggie'// is assigned to a constant named fruit.define('fruit', 'veggie');// Notice the difference nowprint $arr[fruit]; // carrot

print $arr['fruit']; // apple 

在正常情況下,數(shù)組變量沒有被雙引號包圍時,是否給索引字符串加上單引號輸出結(jié)果都一致時apple,但是當(dāng)定義一個與索引字符串fruit同名的常量時,未加單引號的索引字符串輸出結(jié)果就成了carrot,而加上單引號還是apple。

結(jié)論:

1. 數(shù)組變量未用雙引號包括時,

(1) 索引字符串加單引號表示字符串本身

<pre name="code" class="php">$arr['fruit'] 

(2)索引字符串未加單引號表示常量,當(dāng)常量未定義時則解析為字符串,等效于加上單引號。

$arr[fruit] 

2. 數(shù)組變量用雙引號包括時,

(1) 索引字符串不加單引號表示字符串本身

"$arr[fruit]" 

(2) 數(shù)組變量加上花括號表示與字符串同名常量

"{$arr[fruit]}" 

(3) 索引字符串加上單引號且數(shù)組變量加上花括號表示字符串本身

<pre name="code" class="php"><pre name="code" class="php">"{$arr['fruit']}" 

(4) 索引字符串加上單引號且數(shù)組變量未加上花括號,為錯誤寫法,報錯:Parse error: parse error, expecting T_STRING' or T_VARIABLE' or T_NUM_STRING'

<pre name="code" class="php"><pre name="code" class="php">"$arr['fruit']" 

附:php手冊數(shù)組說明URL

http://php.net/manual/zh/language.types.array.php

以上這篇基于php雙引號中訪問數(shù)組元素報錯的解決方法就是小編分享給大家的全部內(nèi)容了,希望能給大家一個參考,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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