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Java 調(diào)用Restful API接口的幾種方式(HTTPS)

 更新時(shí)間：2018年02月11日 14:10:32   作者：三 豐  
這篇文章主要介紹了Java 調(diào)用Restful API接口的幾種方式(HTTPS)，小編覺(jué)得挺不錯(cuò)的，現(xiàn)在分享給大家，也給大家做個(gè)參考。一起跟隨小編過(guò)來(lái)看看吧

摘要：最近有一個(gè)需求，為客戶(hù)提供一些Restful API 接口，QA使用postman進(jìn)行測(cè)試，但是postman的測(cè)試接口與java調(diào)用的相似但并不相同，于是想自己寫(xiě)一個(gè)程序去測(cè)試Restful API接口，由于使用的是HTTPS，所以還要考慮到對(duì)于HTTPS的處理。由于我也是首次使用Java調(diào)用restful接口，所以還要研究一番，自然也是查閱了一些資料。

分析：這個(gè)問(wèn)題與模塊之間的調(diào)用不同，比如我有兩個(gè)模塊front end 和back end，front end提供前臺(tái)展示，back end提供數(shù)據(jù)支持。之前使用過(guò)Hession去把back end提供的服務(wù)注冊(cè)成遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)，在front end端可以通過(guò)這種遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)直接調(diào)到back end的接口。但這對(duì)于一個(gè)公司自己的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目耦合性比較高的情況下使用，沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。但是如果給客戶(hù)注冊(cè)這種遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)，似乎不太好，耦合性太高。所以就考慮用一下方式進(jìn)行處理。

一、HttpClient

HttpClient大家也許比較熟悉但又比較陌生，熟悉是知道他可以遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用比如請(qǐng)求一個(gè)URL，然后在response里獲取到返回狀態(tài)和返回信息，但是今天講的稍微復(fù)雜一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)榻裉斓闹黝}是HTTPS，這個(gè)牽涉到證書(shū)或用戶(hù)認(rèn)證的問(wèn)題。
確定使用HttpClient之后，查詢(xún)相關(guān)資料，發(fā)現(xiàn)HttpClient的新版本與老版本不同，隨然兼容老版本，但已經(jīng)不提倡老版本是使用方式，很多都已經(jīng)標(biāo)記為過(guò)時(shí)的方法或類(lèi)。今天就分別使用老版本4.2和最新版本4.5.3來(lái)寫(xiě)代碼。

老版本4.2

需要認(rèn)證

在準(zhǔn)備證書(shū)階段選擇的是使用證書(shū)認(rèn)證

package com.darren.test.https.v42; 
import java.io.File; 
import java.io.FileInputStream; 
import java.security.KeyStore; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;  
public class HTTPSCertifiedClient extends HTTPSClient {  
  public HTTPSCertifiedClient() { 
 
  } 
 
  @Override 
  public void prepareCertificate() throws Exception { 
    // 獲得密匙庫(kù) 
    KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); 
    FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream( 
        new File("C:/Users/zhda6001/Downloads/software/xxx.keystore")); 
    // FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("C:/Users/zhda6001/Downloads/xxx.keystore")); 
    // 密匙庫(kù)的密碼 
    trustStore.load(instream, "password".toCharArray()); 
    // 注冊(cè)密匙庫(kù) 
    this.socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(trustStore); 
    // 不校驗(yàn)域名 
    socketFactory.setHostnameVerifier(SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER); 
  } 
}

跳過(guò)認(rèn)證

在準(zhǔn)備證書(shū)階段選擇的是跳過(guò)認(rèn)證

package com.darren.test.https.v42;  
import java.security.cert.CertificateException; 
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; 
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; 
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;  
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; 
public class HTTPSTrustClient extends HTTPSClient { 
  public HTTPSTrustClient() { 
 
  } 
 
  @Override 
  public void prepareCertificate() throws Exception { 
    // 跳過(guò)證書(shū)驗(yàn)證 
    SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); 
    X509TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() { 
      @Override 
      public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { 
      } 
 
      @Override 
      public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { 
      } 
 
      @Override 
      public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { 
        return null; 
      } 
    }; 
    // 設(shè)置成已信任的證書(shū) 
    ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null); 
    // 穿件SSL socket 工廠(chǎng)，并且設(shè)置不檢查host名稱(chēng) 
    this.socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(ctx, SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER); 
  } 
}

總結(jié)

現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)類(lèi)都繼承了同一個(gè)類(lèi)HTTPSClient，并且HTTPSClient繼承了DefaultHttpClient類(lèi)，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這里使用了模板方法模式。

package com.darren.test.https.v42; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager; 
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme; 
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; 
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;  
public abstract class HTTPSClient extends DefaultHttpClient {  
  protected SSLSocketFactory socketFactory; 
 
  /** 
   * 初始化HTTPSClient 
   * 
   * @return 返回當(dāng)前實(shí)例 
   * @throws Exception 
   */ 
  public HTTPSClient init() throws Exception { 
    this.prepareCertificate(); 
    this.regist(); 
 
    return this; 
  }  
  /** 
   * 準(zhǔn)備證書(shū)驗(yàn)證 
   * 
   * @throws Exception 
   */ 
  public abstract void prepareCertificate() throws Exception; 
 
  /** 
   * 注冊(cè)協(xié)議和端口, 此方法也可以被子類(lèi)重寫(xiě) 
   */ 
  protected void regist() { 
    ClientConnectionManager ccm = this.getConnectionManager(); 
    SchemeRegistry sr = ccm.getSchemeRegistry(); 
    sr.register(new Scheme("https", 443, socketFactory)); 
  } 
}

下邊是工具類(lèi)

package com.darren.test.https.v42;  
import java.util.ArrayList; 
import java.util.List; 
import java.util.Map; 
import java.util.Set; 
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; 
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; 
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; 
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestBase; 
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; 
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;  
public class HTTPSClientUtil { 
  private static final String DEFAULT_CHARSET = "UTF-8";  
  public static String doPost(HTTPSClient httpsClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody) throws Exception { 
    return doPost(httpsClient, url, paramHeader, paramBody, DEFAULT_CHARSET); 
  } 
 
  public static String doPost(HTTPSClient httpsClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody, String charset) throws Exception { 
 
    String result = null; 
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); 
    setHeader(httpPost, paramHeader); 
    setBody(httpPost, paramBody, charset); 
 
    HttpResponse response = httpsClient.execute(httpPost); 
    if (response != null) { 
      HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); 
      if (resEntity != null) { 
        result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, charset); 
      } 
    } 
 
    return result; 
  } 
   
  public static String doGet(HTTPSClient httpsClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody) throws Exception { 
    return doGet(httpsClient, url, paramHeader, paramBody, DEFAULT_CHARSET); 
  } 
 
  public static String doGet(HTTPSClient httpsClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody, String charset) throws Exception { 
 
    String result = null; 
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); 
    setHeader(httpGet, paramHeader); 
 
    HttpResponse response = httpsClient.execute(httpGet); 
    if (response != null) { 
      HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); 
      if (resEntity != null) { 
        result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, charset); 
      } 
    } 
 
    return result; 
  } 
 
  private static void setHeader(HttpRequestBase request, Map<String, String> paramHeader) { 
    // 設(shè)置Header 
    if (paramHeader != null) { 
      Set<String> keySet = paramHeader.keySet(); 
      for (String key : keySet) { 
        request.addHeader(key, paramHeader.get(key)); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
 
  private static void setBody(HttpPost httpPost, Map<String, String> paramBody, String charset) throws Exception { 
    // 設(shè)置參數(shù) 
    if (paramBody != null) { 
      List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); 
      Set<String> keySet = paramBody.keySet(); 
      for (String key : keySet) { 
        list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, paramBody.get(key))); 
      } 
 
      if (list.size() > 0) { 
        UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, charset); 
        httpPost.setEntity(entity); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
}

然后是測(cè)試類(lèi)：

package com.darren.test.https.v42; 
import java.util.HashMap; 
import java.util.Map;  
public class HTTPSClientTest {  
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 
    HTTPSClient httpsClient = null; 
 
    httpsClient = new HTTPSTrustClient().init(); 
    //httpsClient = new HTTPSCertifiedClient().init(); 
 
    String url = "https://1.2.6.2:8011/xxx/api/getToken"; 
    //String url = "https://1.2.6.2:8011/xxx/api/getHealth"; 
 
    Map<String, String> paramHeader = new HashMap<>(); 
    //paramHeader.put("Content-Type", "application/json"); 
    paramHeader.put("Accept", "application/xml"); 
    Map<String, String> paramBody = new HashMap<>(); 
    paramBody.put("client_id", "ankur.tandon.ap@xxx.com"); 
    paramBody.put("client_secret", "P@ssword_1"); 
    String result = HTTPSClientUtil.doPost(httpsClient, url, paramHeader, paramBody); 
     
    //String result = HTTPSClientUtil.doGet(httpsClient, url, null, null); 
     
    System.out.println(result); 
  }  
}

返回信息：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   
<token>jkf8RL0sw+Skkflj8RbKI5hP1bEQK8PrCuTZPpBINqMYKRMxY1kWCjmCfT191Zpp88VV1aGHW8oYNWjEYS0axpLuGAX89ejCoWNbikCc1UvfyesXHLktcJqyUFiVjevhrEQxJPHncLQYWP+Xse5oD9X8vKFKk7InNTMRzQK7YBTZ/e3U7gswM/5cvAHFl6o9rEq9cWPXavZNohyvnXsohSzDo+BXAtXxa1xpEDLy/8h/UaP4n4dlZDJJ3B8t1Xh+CRRIoMOPxf7c5wKhHtOkEOeXW+xoPQKKSx5CKWwJpPuGIIFWF/PaqWg+JUOsVT7QGdPv8PMWJ9DwEwjTdxguDg==</token> 

新版本4.5.3

需要認(rèn)證

package com.darren.test.https.v45;  
import java.io.File; 
import java.io.FileInputStream; 
import java.security.KeyStore; 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy; 
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContexts;  
public class HTTPSCertifiedClient extends HTTPSClient {  
  public HTTPSCertifiedClient() { 
 
  } 
 
  @Override 
  public void prepareCertificate() throws Exception { 
    // 獲得密匙庫(kù) 
    KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); 
    FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream( 
        new File("C:/Users/zhda6001/Downloads/software/xxx.keystore")); 
    // FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("C:/Users/zhda6001/Downloads/xxx.keystore")); 
    try { 
      // 密匙庫(kù)的密碼 
      trustStore.load(instream, "password".toCharArray()); 
    } finally { 
      instream.close(); 
    }  
    SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, TrustSelfSignedStrategy.INSTANCE) 
        .build(); 
    this.connectionSocketFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext); 
  }  
}

跳過(guò)認(rèn)證

package com.darren.test.https.v45;  
import java.security.cert.CertificateException; 
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; 
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; 
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; 
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory; 
public class HTTPSTrustClient extends HTTPSClient { 
  public HTTPSTrustClient() {  
  } 
 
  @Override 
  public void prepareCertificate() throws Exception { 
    // 跳過(guò)證書(shū)驗(yàn)證 
    SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); 
    X509TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() { 
      @Override 
      public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { 
      } 
 
      @Override 
      public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException { 
      } 
 
      @Override 
      public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { 
        return null; 
      } 
    }; 
    // 設(shè)置成已信任的證書(shū) 
    ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null); 
    this.connectionSocketFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(ctx); 
  } 
}

總結(jié)

package com.darren.test.https.v45;  
import org.apache.http.config.Registry; 
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder; 
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory; 
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory; 
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; 
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder; 
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; 
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;  
public abstract class HTTPSClient extends HttpClientBuilder { 
  private CloseableHttpClient client; 
  protected ConnectionSocketFactory connectionSocketFactory; 
 
  /** 
   * 初始化HTTPSClient 
   * 
   * @return 返回當(dāng)前實(shí)例 
   * @throws Exception 
   */ 
  public CloseableHttpClient init() throws Exception { 
    this.prepareCertificate(); 
    this.regist(); 
 
    return this.client; 
  } 
 
  /** 
   * 準(zhǔn)備證書(shū)驗(yàn)證 
   * 
   * @throws Exception 
   */ 
  public abstract void prepareCertificate() throws Exception; 
 
  /** 
   * 注冊(cè)協(xié)議和端口, 此方法也可以被子類(lèi)重寫(xiě) 
   */ 
  protected void regist() { 
    // 設(shè)置協(xié)議http和https對(duì)應(yīng)的處理socket鏈接工廠(chǎng)的對(duì)象 
    Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create() 
        .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE) 
        .register("https", this.connectionSocketFactory) 
        .build(); 
    PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry); 
    HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager); 
 
    // 創(chuàng)建自定義的httpclient對(duì)象 
    this.client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build(); 
    // CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault(); 
  } 
}

工具類(lèi)：

package com.darren.test.https.v45;  
import java.util.ArrayList; 
import java.util.List; 
import java.util.Map; 
import java.util.Set;  
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; 
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; 
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; 
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; 
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; 
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestBase; 
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; 
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;  
public class HTTPSClientUtil { 
  private static final String DEFAULT_CHARSET = "UTF-8";  
  public static String doPost(HttpClient httpClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody) throws Exception { 
    return doPost(httpClient, url, paramHeader, paramBody, DEFAULT_CHARSET); 
  } 
 
  public static String doPost(HttpClient httpClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody, String charset) throws Exception { 
 
    String result = null; 
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); 
    setHeader(httpPost, paramHeader); 
    setBody(httpPost, paramBody, charset);  
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); 
    if (response != null) { 
      HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); 
      if (resEntity != null) { 
        result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, charset); 
      } 
    } 
 
    return result; 
  } 
   
  public static String doGet(HttpClient httpClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody) throws Exception { 
    return doGet(httpClient, url, paramHeader, paramBody, DEFAULT_CHARSET); 
  } 
 
  public static String doGet(HttpClient httpClient, String url, Map<String, String> paramHeader, 
      Map<String, String> paramBody, String charset) throws Exception { 
 
    String result = null; 
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); 
    setHeader(httpGet, paramHeader); 
 
    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet); 
    if (response != null) { 
      HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); 
      if (resEntity != null) { 
        result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, charset); 
      } 
    } 
 
    return result; 
  } 
 
  private static void setHeader(HttpRequestBase request, Map<String, String> paramHeader) { 
    // 設(shè)置Header 
    if (paramHeader != null) { 
      Set<String> keySet = paramHeader.keySet(); 
      for (String key : keySet) { 
        request.addHeader(key, paramHeader.get(key)); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
 
  private static void setBody(HttpPost httpPost, Map<String, String> paramBody, String charset) throws Exception { 
    // 設(shè)置參數(shù) 
    if (paramBody != null) { 
      List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); 
      Set<String> keySet = paramBody.keySet(); 
      for (String key : keySet) { 
        list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, paramBody.get(key))); 
      } 
 
      if (list.size() > 0) { 
        UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, charset); 
        httpPost.setEntity(entity); 
      } 
    } 
  } 
}

測(cè)試類(lèi)：

package com.darren.test.https.v45;  
import java.util.HashMap; 
import java.util.Map; 
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;  
public class HTTPSClientTest {  
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 
    HttpClient httpClient = null; 
 
    //httpClient = new HTTPSTrustClient().init(); 
    httpClient = new HTTPSCertifiedClient().init(); 
 
    String url = "https://1.2.6.2:8011/xxx/api/getToken"; 
    //String url = "https://1.2.6.2:8011/xxx/api/getHealth"; 
 
    Map<String, String> paramHeader = new HashMap<>(); 
    paramHeader.put("Accept", "application/xml"); 
    Map<String, String> paramBody = new HashMap<>(); 
    paramBody.put("client_id", "ankur.tandon.ap@xxx.com"); 
    paramBody.put("client_secret", "P@ssword_1"); 
    String result = HTTPSClientUtil.doPost(httpClient, url, paramHeader, paramBody); 
     
    //String result = HTTPSClientUtil.doGet(httpsClient, url, null, null); 
     
    System.out.println(result); 
  } 
 
}

結(jié)果：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>   
<token>RxitF9//7NxwXJS2cjIjYhLtvzUNvMZxxEQtGN0u07sC9ysJeIbPqte3hCjULSkoXPEUYGUVeyI9jv7/WikLrzxYKc3OSpaTSM0kCbCKphu0TB2Cn/nfzv9fMLueOWFBdyz+N0sEiI9K+0Gp7920DFEncn17wUJVmC0u2jwvM5FAjQKmilwodXZ6a0Dq+D7dQDJwVcwxBvJ2ilhyIb3pr805Vppmi9atXrVAKO0ODa006wEJFOfcgyG5p70wpJ5rrBL85vfy9WCvkd1R7j6NVjhXgH2gNimHkjEJorMjdXW2gKiUsiWsELi/XPswao7/CTWNwTnctGK8PX2ZUB0ZfA==</token> 

二、HttpURLConnection

三、Spring的RestTemplate

其它方式以后補(bǔ)充

以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容，希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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