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詳解spring boot jpa整合QueryDSL來簡化復(fù)雜操作

 更新時間：2018年04月04日 15:12:35   作者：牛奮lch  
這篇文章主要介紹了詳解spring boot jpa整合QueryDSL來簡化復(fù)雜操作，小編覺得挺不錯的，現(xiàn)在分享給大家，也給大家做個參考。一起跟隨小編過來看看吧

前言

使用過spring data jpa的同學(xué)，都很清楚，對于復(fù)雜的sql查詢，處理起來還是比較復(fù)雜的，而本文中的QueryDSL就是用來簡化JPA操作的。

Querydsl定義了一種常用的靜態(tài)類型語法，用于在持久域模型數(shù)據(jù)之上進(jìn)行查詢。JDO和JPA是Querydsl的主要集成技術(shù)。本文旨在介紹如何使用Querydsl與JPA組合使用。JPA的Querydsl是JPQL和Criteria查詢的替代方法。QueryDSL僅僅是一個通用的查詢框架，專注于通過Java API構(gòu)建類型安全的SQL查詢。

要想使用QueryDSL，需要做兩個前提操作：

1、pom文件中，加入依賴

<!--query dsl --> 
  <dependency> 
   <groupId>com.querydsl</groupId> 
   <artifactId>querydsl-jpa</artifactId> 
  </dependency> 
  <dependency> 
   <groupId>com.querydsl</groupId> 
   <artifactId>querydsl-apt</artifactId> 
   <scope>provided</scope> 
  </dependency>

2、pom文件中，加入編譯插件

<plugin> 
    <groupId>com.mysema.maven</groupId> 
    <artifactId>apt-maven-plugin</artifactId> 
    <version>1.1.3</version> 
    <executions> 
     <execution> 
      <goals> 
       <goal>process</goal> 
      </goals> 
      <configuration> 
       <outputDirectory>target/generated-sources/java</outputDirectory> 
       <processor>com.querydsl.apt.jpa.JPAAnnotationProcessor</processor> 
      </configuration> 
     </execution> 
    </executions> 
   </plugin>

該插件會查找使用javax.persistence.Entity注解的域類型，并為它們生成對應(yīng)的查詢類型。下面以User實體類來說明，生成的查詢類型如下：

package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity; 
import static com.querydsl.core.types.PathMetadataFactory.*; 
import com.querydsl.core.types.dsl.*; 
import com.querydsl.core.types.PathMetadata; 
import javax.annotation.Generated; 
import com.querydsl.core.types.Path; 
/** 
 * QUser is a Querydsl query type for User 
 */ 
@Generated("com.querydsl.codegen.EntitySerializer") 
public class QUser extends EntityPathBase<User> { 
 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1153899872L; 
 public static final QUser user = new QUser("user"); 
 public final StringPath address = createString("address"); 
 public final NumberPath<Integer> age = createNumber("age", Integer.class); 
 public final NumberPath<Integer> id = createNumber("id", Integer.class); 
 public final StringPath name = createString("name"); 
 public QUser(String variable) { 
  super(User.class, forVariable(variable)); 
 } 
 
 public QUser(Path<? extends User> path) { 
  super(path.getType(), path.getMetadata()); 
 } 
 
 public QUser(PathMetadata metadata) { 
  super(User.class, metadata); 
 } 
}

我們建立好實體類之后，然后運(yùn)行mvn clean complie命令，就會在

<outputDirectory>target/generated-sources/java</outputDirectory>

目錄下生成對應(yīng)的查詢類型。然后將生成的類都拷貝到項目中，即可。

本文涉及到的Entity如下：

package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity; 
import java.io.Serializable; 
import javax.persistence.Entity; 
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; 
import javax.persistence.GenerationType; 
import javax.persistence.Id; 
import javax.persistence.Table; 
@Entity 
@Table(name="t_user") 
public class User implements Serializable{ 
  /** 
  * 
  */ 
 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;  
 @Id() 
 @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) 
 private int id; 
 private String name; 
 private String address; 
 private int age; 
 …………省略getter，setter方法………… 
 /** 
  * attention: 
  * Details：方便查看測試結(jié)果 
  * @author chhliu 
  */ 
 @Override 
 public String toString() { 
  return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", address=" + address + ", age=" + age + "]"; 
 } 
}

上面的這個實體類，主要用于單表操作。

package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity; 
import javax.persistence.CascadeType; 
import javax.persistence.Entity; 
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; 
import javax.persistence.Id; 
import javax.persistence.OneToOne; 
import javax.persistence.Table; 
/** 
 * 描述：TODO 
 * @author chhliu 
 */ 
@Entity 
@Table(name="PERSON") 
public class Person { 
 @Id 
 @GeneratedValue 
 private Integer id; 
 private String name; 
 private String address; 
  
 @OneToOne(mappedBy="person", cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.REMOVE, CascadeType.MERGE}) 
 private IDCard idCard;   
  …………省略getter，setter方法………… 
 @Override 
 public String toString() { 
  return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", address=" + address + ", idCard=" + idCard + "]"; 
 } 
} 
package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity; 
import javax.persistence.CascadeType; 
import javax.persistence.Entity; 
import javax.persistence.FetchType; 
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; 
import javax.persistence.Id; 
import javax.persistence.OneToOne; 
import javax.persistence.Table; 
/** 
 * 描述： 
 * @author chhliu 
 */ 
@Entity 
@Table(name="IDCARD") 
public class IDCard { 
 @Id 
 @GeneratedValue 
 private Integer id; 
 private String idNo; 
 @OneToOne(cascade={CascadeType.MERGE, CascadeType.REMOVE, CascadeType.PERSIST}, fetch=FetchType.EAGER) 
 private Person person;  
  …………省略getter，setter方法………… 
 @Override 
 public String toString() { 
  return "IDCard [id=" + id + ", idNo=" + idNo + ", person=" + person + "]"; 
 } 
}

上面兩個Entity主要用于一對一關(guān)系的示例操作

package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity; 
import java.util.List; 
import javax.persistence.CascadeType; 
import javax.persistence.Column; 
import javax.persistence.Entity; 
import javax.persistence.FetchType; 
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; 
import javax.persistence.Id; 
import javax.persistence.OneToMany; 
import javax.persistence.Table; 
/** 
 * 描述：Order實體類 
 * @author chhliu 
 */ 
@Entity 
@Table(name="ORDER_C") 
public class Order { 
 @Id 
 @GeneratedValue 
 @Column(name="ID") 
 private Integer id; 
  
 @Column(length=20, name="ORDER_NAME") 
 private String orderName; 
  
 @Column(name="COUNT") 
 private Integer count; 
  
 @OneToMany(mappedBy = "order",cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST,CascadeType.REMOVE},fetch = FetchType.EAGER) 
 private List<OrderItem> orderItems; 
   
  …………省略getter，setter方法………… 
} 

package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity; 
import javax.persistence.CascadeType; 
import javax.persistence.Column; 
import javax.persistence.Entity; 
import javax.persistence.FetchType; 
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; 
import javax.persistence.Id; 
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn; 
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne; 
import javax.persistence.Table; 
 
/** 
 * 描述：OrderItem實體類 
 * @author chhliu 
 */ 
@Entity 
@Table(name="ORDER_ITEM") 
public class OrderItem { 
 @Id 
 @GeneratedValue 
 @Column(name="ID", nullable=false) 
 private Integer id; 
  
 @Column(name="ITEM_NAME", length=20) 
 private String itemName; 
  
 @Column(name="PRICE") 
 private Integer price; 
  
 @ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.PERSIST,CascadeType.REMOVE, CascadeType.MERGE}, fetch=FetchType.EAGER) 
 @JoinColumn(name = "ORDER_ID") 
 private Order order; 
 
  …………省略getter，setter方法………… 
}

上面兩個Entity用于展示一對多關(guān)系的示例操作。

首先，我們來看單表操作

1、使用spring data jpa

要想使用spring data jpa提供的QueryDSL功能，很簡單，直接繼承接口即可。Spring Data JPA中提供了QueryDslPredicateExecutor接口,用于支持QueryDSL的查詢操作接口，如下：

package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.repository; 
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; 
import org.springframework.data.querydsl.QueryDslPredicateExecutor; 
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity.User; 
public interface UserRepositoryDls extends JpaRepository<User, Integer>, QueryDslPredicateExecutor<User>{
// 繼承接口 
}

QueryDslPredicateExecutor接口提供了如下方法：

public interface QueryDslPredicateExecutor<T> { 
 T findOne(Predicate predicate); 
 Iterable<T> findAll(Predicate predicate); 
 Iterable<T> findAll(Predicate predicate, Sort sort); 
 Iterable<T> findAll(Predicate predicate, OrderSpecifier<?>... orders); 
 Iterable<T> findAll(OrderSpecifier<?>... orders); 
 Page<T> findAll(Predicate predicate, Pageable pageable); 
 long count(Predicate predicate); 
 boolean exists(Predicate predicate); 
}

以上方法的使用和spring data jpa中的其他接口使用方法類似，詳情請參考：http://www.dbjr.com.cn/article/137757.htm

測試如下：

public User findUserByUserName(final String userName){ 
  /** 
   * 該例是使用spring data QueryDSL實現(xiàn) 
   */ 
  QUser quser = QUser.user; 
  Predicate predicate = quser.name.eq(userName);// 根據(jù)用戶名，查詢user表 
  return repository.findOne(predicate); 
 }

對應(yīng)的sql如下：

復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
select user0_.id as id1_5_, user0_.address as address2_5_, user0_.age as age3_5_, user0_.name as name4_5_ from t_user user0_ where  user0_.name=?

單表操作示例代碼如下：

package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.repository; 
import java.util.List; 
import javax.persistence.EntityManager; 
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext; 
import javax.persistence.Query; 
import javax.transaction.Transactional; 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page; 
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest; 
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort; 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; 
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity.QUser; 
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity.User; 
import com.querydsl.core.types.Predicate; 
import com.querydsl.jpa.impl.JPAQueryFactory; 
 
/** 
 * 描述：QueryDSL JPA 
 * @author chhliu 
 */ 
@Component 
@Transactional 
public class UserRepositoryManagerDsl { 
 @Autowired 
 private UserRepositoryDls repository; 
  
 @Autowired 
 @PersistenceContext 
 private EntityManager entityManager; 
 
  private JPAQueryFactory queryFactory; 
  
  @PostConstruct 
  public void init() { 
  queryFactory = new JPAQueryFactory(entityManager); 
  } 
 
  public User findUserByUserName(final String userName){ 
  /** 
   * 該例是使用spring data QueryDSL實現(xiàn) 
   */ 
  QUser quser = QUser.user; 
  Predicate predicate = quser.name.eq(userName); 
  return repository.findOne(predicate); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * attention: 
  * Details：查詢user表中的所有記錄 
  */ 
 public List<User> findAll(){ 
  QUser quser = QUser.user; 
  return queryFactory.selectFrom(quser) 
     .fetch(); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：單條件查詢 
  */ 
 public User findOneByUserName(final String userName){ 
  QUser quser = QUser.user; 
  return queryFactory.selectFrom(quser) 
   .where(quser.name.eq(userName)) 
   .fetchOne(); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：單表多條件查詢 
  */ 
 public User findOneByUserNameAndAddress(final String userName, final String address){ 
  QUser quser = QUser.user; 
  return queryFactory.select(quser) 
   .from(quser) // 上面兩句代碼等價與selectFrom 
   .where(quser.name.eq(userName).and(quser.address.eq(address)))// 這句代碼等同于where(quser.name.eq(userName), quser.address.eq(address)) 
   .fetchOne(); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：使用join查詢 
  */ 
 public List<User> findUsersByJoin(){ 
  QUser quser = QUser.user; 
  QUser userName = new QUser("name"); 
  return queryFactory.selectFrom(quser) 
   .innerJoin(quser) 
   .on(quser.id.intValue().eq(userName.id.intValue())) 
   .fetch(); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：將查詢結(jié)果排序 
  */ 
 public List<User> findUserAndOrder(){ 
  QUser quser = QUser.user; 
  return queryFactory.selectFrom(quser) 
   .orderBy(quser.id.desc()) 
   .fetch(); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：Group By使用 
  */ 
 public List<String> findUserByGroup(){ 
  QUser quser = QUser.user; 
  return queryFactory.select(quser.name) 
     .from(quser) 
     .groupBy(quser.name) 
     .fetch(); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：刪除用戶 
  */ 
 public long deleteUser(String userName){ 
  QUser quser = QUser.user; 
  return queryFactory.delete(quser).where(quser.name.eq(userName)).execute(); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：更新記錄 
  */ 
 public long updateUser(final User u, final String userName){ 
  QUser quser = QUser.user; 
  return queryFactory.update(quser).where(quser.name.eq(userName)) 
   .set(quser.name, u.getName()) 
   .set(quser.age, u.getAge()) 
   .set(quser.address, u.getAddress()) 
   .execute(); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：使用原生Query 
  */ 
 public User findOneUserByOriginalSql(final String userName){ 
  QUser quser = QUser.user; 
  Query query = queryFactory.selectFrom(quser) 
    .where(quser.name.eq(userName)).createQuery(); 
  return (User) query.getSingleResult(); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：分頁查詢單表 
  */ 
 public Page<User> findAllAndPager(final int offset, final int pageSize){ 
  Predicate predicate = QUser.user.id.lt(10); 
  Sort sort = new Sort(new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id")); 
  PageRequest pr = new PageRequest(offset, pageSize, sort); 
  return repository.findAll(predicate, pr); 
 } 
}

多表操作示例(一對一)如下：

package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.repository; 
import java.util.ArrayList; 
import java.util.List; 
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; 
import javax.persistence.EntityManager; 
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext; 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; 
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.dto.PersonIDCardDto; 
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity.QIDCard; 
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity.QPerson; 
import com.querydsl.core.QueryResults; 
import com.querydsl.core.Tuple; 
import com.querydsl.core.types.Predicate; 
import com.querydsl.jpa.impl.JPAQuery; 
import com.querydsl.jpa.impl.JPAQueryFactory; 
 
@Component 
public class PersonAndIDCardManager { 
 @Autowired 
 @PersistenceContext 
 private EntityManager entityManager; 
  
 private JPAQueryFactory queryFactory; 
  
 @PostConstruct 
 public void init() { 
  queryFactory = new JPAQueryFactory(entityManager); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：多表動態(tài)查詢 
  */ 
 public List<Tuple> findAllPersonAndIdCard(){ 
  Predicate predicate = (QPerson.person.id.intValue()).eq(QIDCard.iDCard.person.id.intValue()); 
  JPAQuery<Tuple> jpaQuery = queryFactory.select(QIDCard.iDCard.idNo, QPerson.person.address, QPerson.person.name) 
    .from(QIDCard.iDCard, QPerson.person) 
    .where(predicate); 
  return jpaQuery.fetch(); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：將查詢結(jié)果以DTO的方式輸出 
  */ 
 public List<PersonIDCardDto> findByDTO(){ 
  Predicate predicate = (QPerson.person.id.intValue()).eq(QIDCard.iDCard.person.id.intValue()); 
  JPAQuery<Tuple> jpaQuery = queryFactory.select(QIDCard.iDCard.idNo, QPerson.person.address, QPerson.person.name) 
    .from(QIDCard.iDCard, QPerson.person) 
    .where(predicate); 
  List<Tuple> tuples = jpaQuery.fetch(); 
  List<PersonIDCardDto> dtos = new ArrayList<PersonIDCardDto>(); 
  if(null != tuples && !tuples.isEmpty()){ 
   for(Tuple tuple:tuples){ 
    String address = tuple.get(QPerson.person.address); 
    String name = tuple.get(QPerson.person.name); 
    String idCard = tuple.get(QIDCard.iDCard.idNo); 
    PersonIDCardDto dto = new PersonIDCardDto(); 
    dto.setAddress(address); 
    dto.setIdNo(idCard); 
    dto.setName(name); 
    dtos.add(dto); 
   } 
  } 
  return dtos; 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：多表動態(tài)查詢，并分頁 
  */ 
 public QueryResults<Tuple> findByDtoAndPager(int offset, int pageSize){ 
  Predicate predicate = (QPerson.person.id.intValue()).eq(QIDCard.iDCard.person.id.intValue()); 
  return queryFactory.select(QIDCard.iDCard.idNo, QPerson.person.address, QPerson.person.name) 
    .from(QIDCard.iDCard, QPerson.person) 
    .where(predicate) 
    .offset(offset) 
    .limit(pageSize) 
    .fetchResults(); 
 } 
}

上面將查詢結(jié)果以DTO的方式輸出的示例中，在查詢結(jié)束后，將查詢結(jié)果手動的轉(zhuǎn)換成了DTO對象，這種方式其實不太優(yōu)雅，QueryDSL給我們提供了更好的方式，見下面的示例：

/** 
  * Details：方式一：使用Bean投影 
  */ 
 public List<PersonIDCardDto> findByDTOUseBean(){ 
  Predicate predicate = (QPerson.person.id.intValue()).eq(QIDCard.iDCard.person.id.intValue()); 
  return queryFactory.select( 
    Projections.bean(PersonIDCardDto.class, QIDCard.iDCard.idNo, QPerson.person.address, QPerson.person.name)) 
    .from(QIDCard.iDCard, QPerson.person) 
    .where(predicate) 
    .fetch(); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：方式二：使用fields來代替setter 
  */ 
 public List<PersonIDCardDto> findByDTOUseFields(){ 
  Predicate predicate = (QPerson.person.id.intValue()).eq(QIDCard.iDCard.person.id.intValue()); 
  return queryFactory.select( 
    Projections.fields(PersonIDCardDto.class, QIDCard.iDCard.idNo, QPerson.person.address, QPerson.person.name)) 
    .from(QIDCard.iDCard, QPerson.person) 
    .where(predicate) 
    .fetch(); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：方式三：使用構(gòu)造方法，注意構(gòu)造方法中屬性的順序必須和構(gòu)造器中的順序一致 
  */ 
 public List<PersonIDCardDto> findByDTOUseConstructor(){ 
  Predicate predicate = (QPerson.person.id.intValue()).eq(QIDCard.iDCard.person.id.intValue()); 
  return queryFactory.select( 
    Projections.constructor(PersonIDCardDto.class, QPerson.person.name, QPerson.person.address, QIDCard.iDCard.idNo)) 
    .from(QIDCard.iDCard, QPerson.person) 
    .where(predicate) 
    .fetch(); 
 }

上面只是提供了幾種思路，當(dāng)然，還可以使用@QueryProjection來實現(xiàn)，非常靈活。

一對多示例：

package com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.repository; 
import java.util.List; 
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; 
import javax.persistence.EntityManager; 
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext; 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; 
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; 
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity.QOrder; 
import com.chhliu.springboot.jpa.entity.QOrderItem; 
import com.querydsl.core.Tuple; 
import com.querydsl.core.types.Predicate; 
import com.querydsl.jpa.impl.JPAQuery; 
import com.querydsl.jpa.impl.JPAQueryFactory; 
@Component 
public class OrderAndOrderItemManager { 
  
 @Autowired 
 @PersistenceContext 
 private EntityManager entityManager; 
  
 private JPAQueryFactory queryFactory; 
  
 @PostConstruct 
 public void init() { 
  queryFactory = new JPAQueryFactory(entityManager); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：一對多，條件查詢 
  */ 
 public List<Tuple> findOrderAndOrderItemByOrderName(String orderName){ 
  //添加查詢條件 
  Predicate predicate = QOrder.order.orderName.eq(orderName); 
  JPAQuery<Tuple> jpaQuery = queryFactory.select(QOrder.order, QOrderItem.orderItem) 
          .from(QOrder.order, QOrderItem.orderItem) 
          .where(QOrderItem.orderItem.order.id.intValue().eq(QOrder.order.id.intValue()), predicate); 
   
  //拿到結(jié)果 
  return jpaQuery.fetch(); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * Details：多表連接查詢 
  */ 
 public List<Tuple> findAllByOrderName(String orderName){ 
  //添加查詢條件 
  Predicate predicate = QOrder.order.orderName.eq(orderName); 
  JPAQuery<Tuple> jpaQuery = queryFactory.select(QOrder.order, QOrderItem.orderItem) 
          .from(QOrder.order, QOrderItem.orderItem) 
          .rightJoin(QOrder.order) 
          .on(QOrderItem.orderItem.order.id.intValue().eq(QOrder.order.id.intValue())); 
  jpaQuery.where(predicate); 
  //拿到結(jié)果 
  return jpaQuery.fetch(); 
 } 
}

從上面的示例中，我們可以看出，QueryDSL大大的簡化了我們的操作

以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容，希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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