VC++ 6.0 C語言實現(xiàn)俄羅斯方塊詳細教程
今天把我之前寫的大作業(yè)分享一下吧,并教你們如何實現(xiàn),希望你們看了前面的教程也能自己寫一個。
1.要先下載一個 graphics.h 的頭文件來繪圖。
2.初始化窗口:initgraph(x, y);這是先創(chuàng)建一個窗口的函數(shù),以左上角為(0,0),向右為x軸,向下為y軸,其中x表示長x個單位,y表示寬y個單位。
3.關閉圖像窗口:closegraph();結束時用來關閉用的。
4.按任意鍵繼續(xù):getch();這個就和getchar();差不多,為了防止以運行完就關了,這樣能停頓一下,他的頭文件是:conio.h 。
5.畫線:line(x1, y1, x2, y2);在你創(chuàng)建的那么窗口里以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)為兩個端點畫線。
6.畫矩形:rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)為對角畫一個矩形。
7.畫圓:circle(x,y,r);以(x,y)為圓點,r為半徑畫圓。
8.顏色:setcolor(x);用來設置顏色的,其中x是你要設置的顏色,可以填這16種:黑 BLACK、藍 BLUE、綠 GREEN、青 CYAN、紅 RED、紫 MAGENTA、棕 BROWN、淺灰 LIGHTGRAY、深灰 DARKGRAY、亮藍 LIGHTBLUE、亮綠 LIGHTGREEN、亮青 LIGHTCYAN、亮紅 LIGHTRED、亮紫 LIGHTMAGENTA、黃 YELLOW、白 WHITE;當然,你也可以根據(jù)光的三原色來調自己喜歡的顏色,方法是:setcolor(RGB(x,y,z));其中RGB分別代表紅綠藍,對應的x,y,z是你選的該顏色的多少,范圍是[0,255]。
根據(jù)上面的這些就能畫出很多圖形了.比如:
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
initgraph(640,480);
setcolor(BROWN);
line(200,200,300,130);
line(400,200,300,130);
rectangle(200,200,400,380);
setcolor(RGB(100,150,200));
circle(255,260,20);
circle(345,260,20);
rectangle(280,300,310,360);
getch();
closegraph();
}
還有這個,畫一個圓,圓心是(320,240),半徑r=200,根據(jù)角度的公式畫一個圓:
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <math.h>
# define PI 3.1415926
void main()
{
initgraph(640, 480);
int x,y,r=200,c;
double a;
for(a=0; a<PI*2; a+=0.0001)
{
x=(int)(r*cos(a)+320+0.5);
y=(int)(r*sin(a)+240+0.5);
c=(int)(a*255/(2*PI));
setcolor(RGB(c,200-c/2,100+c/2));
line(320,240,x,y);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
9.停頓:Sleep(x);停頓x/1000秒。
有了Sleep();函數(shù),就能讓線動起來了,原理就是:先畫一條線,然后再畫一條黑色的線覆蓋原來的那條,然后再畫一條線,這樣不斷的畫線能行了。
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,y;
initgraph(640,480);
for(y=0;y<480-2;y++)
{
setcolor(RGB(y,125,y/2%256));
line(0,y,639,y);
line(0,y+2,639,y+2);
Sleep(10);
setcolor(BLACK);
line(0,y,639,y);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
10.隨機數(shù)發(fā)生器:srand();使用方法:srand(time(NULL));使用時要有頭文件time.h。
11.隨機函數(shù):rand();隨機生成一個數(shù),頭文件是:stdlib.h,比如:
# include <stdio.h>
# include <time.h>
# include <graphics.h>
void main()
{
int t=10;
while(t--)
{
srand(time(NULL));
printf("%d\n",rand());
Sleep(1000);
}
}
12.判斷鍵盤是否有輸入:kbhit();如果有的話返回1,否則返回0.
13.方向鍵:方健健的ASCII值我們不知道,普通的getchar();也不能輸入,但是getch();通過運行程序可以發(fā)現(xiàn)方向比較特殊,分別是:上 224+72、下 224+80、左 224+75、右 224+77,就是說他們是由兩個字符組成的,所以判斷上下左右時就先判斷if(kbhit()),然后判斷if(getch()==224),如果是的話在判斷if(getch()==72),是的話就是上,下左右同理。
# include <stdio.h>
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int key;
while(1)
{
if(kbhit())
{
key=getch();
if(key==224)
key=getch();
printf("%d",key);
}
else
printf("*");
Sleep(500);
}
}
14.輸出:outtextxy(x,y,s);在坐標為(x,y)的地方輸出字符串s。
15.數(shù)字轉字符串:sprintf(s,"%d",a);將數(shù)字a,轉化為字符串s,頭文件是stdio.h。
16.設置字體:setfont(x,y,"字體");其中x表示你你要輸出的字的大小,y會改變形狀一般都是設為0,"字體"為你想要輸出的字體,比如:setfont(40,0,"楷體");
# include <graphics.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
char s[10];
initgraph(640,480);
setfont(42,0,"隸體");
outtextxy(200,200,"俄羅斯方塊");
sprintf(s,"%d",2015);
outtextxy(250,250,s);
getch();
closegraph();
}
上面這些都學會了的話,差不多就能夠自己完成編寫一個俄羅斯方塊了,下面分享一下我寫的代碼。
# include <stdio.h>
# include <time.h>
# include <conio.h>
# include <graphics.h>
int a,visit[30][15],Color[30][15],minX=30,minY=30,maxX=310,maxY=610,speed=500,score=0,rank=0;
int color[]={GREEN,CYAN,MAGENTA,BROWN,LIGHTGRAY,LIGHTBLUE,LIGHTGREEN,LIGHTRED,YELLOW};
int block[36][5][5]=
{
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}
};
void Interface();//界面的設計
void nextblock();//生成下一個方塊
void newblock();//將下一個放到主方框中
void move(int x,int y,int A);//移動方塊
int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next);//判斷能否移動
int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//判斷能否旋轉
void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//標記方塊固定后的位置
void full();//判斷有沒有能夠消行的
void down(int x);//有消行的將上面的方塊下移一行
int gameover();//判斷游戲是否結束
int main()
{
int i,j;
Interface();
nextblock();
Sleep(500);
memset(visit,0,sizeof(visit));
while(1)
{
newblock();
full();
if(gameover())
break;
}
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
void Interface()
{
int i,j;
char str[10];
initgraph(550, 660);
HWND hwnd = GetHWnd();
SetWindowText(hwnd, "NEW俄羅斯方塊 制作:丶阿明");
Sleep(2000);
setfont(40,0,"隸體");
setcolor(RED);
outtextxy(145,200,"NEW");
setfont(40,0,"楷體");
for(i=0;i<=255;i++)
for(j=0;j<=255;j++)
{
setcolor(RGB((i+j+128)%255,i,j));
outtextxy(205,200,"俄羅斯方塊!");
}
Sleep(2000);
setcolor(YELLOW);
setfont(22,0,"隸體");
outtextxy(310,300,"←_←");
setfont(22,0,"楷體");
outtextxy(180,300,"這逼裝的可以");
setcolor(LIGHTMAGENTA);
Sleep(2500);
outtextxy(175,300,"請按任意鍵開始游戲!");
getch();
cleardevice();
setcolor(WHITE);
rectangle(29,29,334,633);
rectangle(28,28,335,634);
rectangle(370,50,515,195);
setfont(24,0, "楷體");
setcolor(LIGHTGRAY);
outtextxy(405,215,"下一個:");
setcolor(RED);
outtextxy(405,280,"分數(shù):");
sprintf(str,"%d",score);
outtextxy(415,310,str);
outtextxy(405,375,"等級:");
sprintf(str,"%d",rank);
outtextxy(425,405,str);
setfont(22,0, "楷體");
setcolor(LIGHTBLUE);
outtextxy(390,475,"操作說明:");
outtextxy(390,500,"↑: 旋轉");
outtextxy(390,525,"↓: 下降");
outtextxy(390,550,"←: 左移");
outtextxy(390,575,"→: 右移");
outtextxy(390,600,"空格: 暫停");
}
void nextblock()
{
int i,j,x=391,y=71;
setfont(23,0,"楷體");
setcolor(BLACK);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");
srand(time(NULL));
a=rand()%9;
setcolor(color[a]);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*a][i][j]==1)
outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");
}
void newblock()
{
int i,j,x=130,y=30,A=a;
if(A==0||A==1||A==6)
y-=60;
else if(A==2||A==3||A==5||A==7||A==8)
y-=40;
else
y-=80;
setfont(23,0,"楷體");
setcolor(color[A]);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A][i][j]==1&&y+20*i>=30)
outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■");
Sleep(100);
nextblock();
move(x,y,A);
}
void move(int x,int y,int A)
{
int i,j,f,k=0,next=0,Speed=speed,key,nex;
while(1)
{
f=couldmove(x,y+k,A,'x',next);
if(f==0)
{
mark(x,y+k,A,next);
break;
}
if(kbhit())
{
key=getch();
if(key==32)
getch();
}
setcolor(BLACK);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k>=30)
outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k,"■");
if(kbhit())
{
key=getch();
if(key==72)
{
nex=(next+1)%4;
if(couldrotate(x,y+k,A,nex))
next=nex;
}
else if(key==80)
Speed=50;
else if(key==75&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'z',next))
x-=20;
else if(key==77&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'y',next))
x+=20;
}
setcolor(color[A]);
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k+20>=30)
outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k+20,"■");
Sleep(Speed);
k+=20;
}
}
int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next)
{
int i,j,x,y,f=1;
x=(y0-minY)/20;
y=(x0-minX)/20;
if(dir=='x')
{
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(x+i+1==30||(x+i+1>=0&&x+i+1<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i+1][y+j]==1)))
f=0;
}
else if(dir=='z')
{
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==0||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j-1>=0&&y+j-1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j-1]==1)))
f=0;
}
else if(dir=='y')
{
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j+1==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j+1>=0&&y+j+1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j+1]==1)))
f=0;
}
return f;
}
int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next)
{
int i,j,x,y,f=1;
x=(y0-minY)/20;
y=(x0-minX)/20;
if(!couldmove(x0,y0,A,'x',next))
f=0;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==-1||y+j==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i][y+j]==1)))
f=0;
return f;
}
void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next)
{
int i,j,x,y;
x=(y0-minY)/20;
y=(x0-minX)/20;
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1)
{
visit[x+i][y+j]=1;
Color[x+i][y+j]=color[A];
}
}
void full()
{
int i,j,k=0;
char str[10];
for(i=29;i>=0;i--)
{
for(j=0;j<15;j++)
if(visit[i][j]==0)
break;
if(j==15)
{
k++;
down(i);
i++;
}
}
setcolor(RED);
score+=10*k;
sprintf(str,"%d",score);
outtextxy(415,310,str);
rank=(score/50);
sprintf(str,"%d",rank);
outtextxy(425,405,str);
speed=500-100*rank;
if(speed==0)
speed=100;
if(score>=300)
speed=75;
}
void down(int x)
{
int i,j;
for(i=x;i>0;i--)
for(j=0;j<15;j++)
if(visit[i-1][j]==1)
{
visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j];
Color[i][j]=Color[i-1][j];
setcolor(Color[i-1][j]);
outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■");
}
else
{
visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j];
setcolor(BLACK);
outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■");
}
setcolor(BLACK);
for(j=0;j<15;j++)
{
visit[0][j]=0;
outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY,"■");
}
}
int gameover()
{
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<15;i++)
if(visit[0][i]==1)
{
for(i=0;i<=7;i++)
{
setcolor(RGB(35*i,255-35*i,255));
for(j=i;j<30-i;j++,Sleep(20))
outtextxy(30+20*i,30+20*j,"■");
for(j=i;j<15-i;j++,Sleep(20))
outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*(29-i),"■");
for(j=30-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20))
outtextxy(30+20*(14-i),30+20*j,"■");
for(j=15-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20))
outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*i,"■");
}
setcolor(WHITE);
setfont(45,0,"隸體");
outtextxy(75,300,"GAME OVER!");
Sleep(5000);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
我設置的一行能放15個小格子,一共能放30行,二維數(shù)組visit[30][15],來判斷某個位置是否有方塊,比如visit[29][5]=1表示第30行第6個方塊的位置有方塊了,0表示沒方塊,Color[30][15]用來記錄某個位置的方塊的顏色。minX=30,minY=30表示左上角的方塊也就是第1行第1列的方塊對應在界面的坐標,maxX,maxY同理。speed表示方塊的下落速度,一開始初始化為500,沒0.5s往下落一行,score記錄分數(shù),每消一行加10分,rank表示等級,每50分等級+1,且速度減100,當速度減到100時,就不變了,只有當分數(shù)超過300速度才會減為75,且以后都不會再減少了。
我一個設計了9種方塊,每種方塊都有4種形態(tài),每順時針旋轉90°就有一種形態(tài),所以一共是36個方塊。每個方塊都用5*5的二維數(shù)組來表示,36種就是36個二維數(shù)組,所以用block[36][5][5]來表示,block[k][5][5],(k<36&&k%4==0)表示每種方塊的初始形態(tài),k+1,+2,+3,分別表示第k種方塊選擇90°、180°、270°之后的形態(tài)。比如block[1][5][5]保存的是第1種方塊旋轉90°的方塊,其中block[1][i][j]=1表示這個方塊第i+1行,j+1列有一個小方塊,=0代表沒有,所以我的block[36][5][5],有36行,一行25個數(shù)列,表示一種方塊。一維數(shù)組color[]依次表示9種方塊的顏色。
附上效果圖:



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