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JavaScript時(shí)間日期操作實(shí)例小結(jié)【5個(gè)示例】

 更新時(shí)間：2018年12月22日 10:38:41   作者：huansky  
這篇文章主要介紹了JavaScript時(shí)間日期操作,結(jié)合5個(gè)具體實(shí)例形式分析了javascript針對(duì)日期時(shí)間的各種常見操作技巧,需要的朋友可以參考下

本文實(shí)例講述了JavaScript時(shí)間日期操作。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：

本來想在網(wǎng)上找一些js實(shí)例來練練手，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)一本書《突破JavaScript編程實(shí)例五十講》，看了下內(nèi)容還不錯(cuò)，就下了下來；

后面又下了該書籍的源碼，一看才發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書編的日期是2002年的，代碼運(yùn)行之后，有些代碼可以運(yùn)行，有些代碼已經(jīng)失效，原因是其所用的一些語言是已經(jīng)淘汰的了。

其次就是由于是很早之前寫的，那時(shí)候可能還沒有css，js,html分離的想法，都是雜糅在一起的，看起來很不舒服。

還有就是，代碼末尾都是不帶分號(hào)的，還有各種不加關(guān)鍵字var的隱性全局變量等，都影響了程序的整潔性，簡(jiǎn)潔性。

于是就想，要不我把他的代碼重新編寫，來實(shí)現(xiàn)書中的要求。

在此，也對(duì)該書的作者馬健兵等編著表示致敬，感謝他們的辛苦編著。

由于空間的限制，就不將js,css以單獨(dú)文件存儲(chǔ)了，全部都在html文件中，但已分離。

1、指定位置的時(shí)鐘顯示

時(shí)鐘始終顯示在網(wǎng)頁的正中間，12小時(shí)制。

效果圖：

源代碼：

<!doctype html>
<html>
 <head>
 <meta charset="utf-8">
 <title>指定位置的時(shí)鐘</title>
 <style>
  body{
   font-size: 30px;
   font-family: Arial;
   background: #fef4d9;
  }
  #Current-time{
   color:#66ff00;
   font-size: 30px;
  }
  #liveclock{
   position:absolute;
   top:50%;
   left: 50%;
   width: 250px;
   height: 100px;
   margin: -50px 0 0 -125px;
  }
  p{
   text-align: center;
   color:#ff00ff;
   margin: 0px;
  }
 </style>
 </head>
 <body>
  <div id="liveclock" >
   <div id="show"></div>
  </div>
  <script >
   function display()
   {
    var Digital=new Date();
    var hours=Digital.getHours();
    var minutes=Digital.getMinutes();
    var seconds=Digital.getSeconds();
    var dn="AM";
    if(hours>12)  //改成12小時(shí)制的
    {
     dn="PM";
     hours=hours-12;
    }
    if(hours==0)
     hours=12;
    if(minutes<=9)
     minutes="0"+minutes; //改成兩位數(shù)的顯示
    if(seconds<=9)
     seconds="0"+seconds;
   var myclock="<b><p id='Current-time'>Current time is:</p><p>"+hours+":"+minutes+":"+seconds+" "+dn+"</p></b>";
   var liveclock=document.getElementById("liveclock");
     liveclock.innerHTML=myclock;
   setTimeout("display()",1000);
   }
   display();
  </script>
 </body>
</html>

2、表針式時(shí)鐘

由于書上的代碼太老了，看不懂，自己重新寫了一份。效果圖如下：

源代碼：

<!doctype html>
<html>
 <head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>表針式時(shí)鐘</title>
  <style>
  body{
   background: #fef4d9;
  }
  #time{
   position: absolute;
   width: 212px;
   height: 216px;
   top:50%;
   left: 50%;
   margin: -108px 0 0 -106px;
   border: 2px solid yellow;
  }
  .timeNum{
   position: absolute;
  }
  #pt0{
   position: absolute;
   top:20px;
   left: 105px;
   border: 4px solid red;
   height: 90px;
   z-index: 1px;
  }
  #pt1{
   position: absolute;
   top:35px;
   left: 105px;
   border: 4px solid blue;
   height: 75px;
   z-index: 100px;
  }
  #pt2{
   position: absolute;
   top:50px;
   left: 105px;
   border: 4px solid yellow;
   height: 60px;
   z-index: 110px;
  }
  </style>
 </head>
 <body>
  <div id="time">
   <div id="c0" class="timeNum" > </div>
   <div id="c1" class="timeNum"><b>1</b></div>
   <div id="c2" class="timeNum"><b>2</b></div>
   <div id="c3" class="timeNum"><b>3</b></div>
   <div id="c4" class="timeNum"><b>4</b></div>
   <div id="c5" class="timeNum"><b>5</b></div>
   <div id="c6" class="timeNum"><b>6</b></div>
   <div id="c7" class="timeNum"><b>7</b></div>
   <div id="c8" class="timeNum"><b>8</b></div>
   <div id="c9" class="timeNum"><b>9</b></div>
   <div id="c10" class="timeNum"><b>10</b></div>
   <div id="c11" class="timeNum"><b>11</b></div>
   <div id="c12" class="timeNum"><b>12</b></div>
   <div id="pt0" > </div>
   <div id="pt1" ></div>
   <div id="pt2" ></div>
  </div>
 </body>
 <script language=javascript>
  function getid(id){
   return document.getElementById(id);
  }
  //將數(shù)字以圓形的形式顯示在屏幕上。根據(jù)三角函數(shù)的計(jì)算
  function clockNum(){
   for (var i=1; i<13;i++){
    var c1=getid("c"+i);
    angle=i*30/360*Math.PI*2;
    c1.style.top=0+(100-Math.cos(angle)*100)+"px";
    c1.style.left=100+Math.sin(angle)*100+"px";
   }
  }
  function clockRotate(){
   //獲取當(dāng)前的時(shí)間
   var start= new Date();
   var H=start.getHours();
   var M=start.getMinutes();
   var S=start.getSeconds();
   //設(shè)置其旋轉(zhuǎn)的角度，分針每次6度，秒針每次6度，時(shí)針每次0.5度
   var mDu=M*6;
   var hDu=M*0.5+H*30;
   var sDu=S*6;
   var pt0=getid("pt0");
   var pt1=getid("pt1");
   var pt2=getid("pt2");
   //設(shè)置其繞末端旋轉(zhuǎn)，寬度是在中間，高度是在整個(gè)高度的末尾，采用百分?jǐn)?shù)的形式
   pt0.setAttribute('style',''+'transform:rotate('+ sDu +'deg); '+'transform-origin: center 93%;');
   pt1.setAttribute('style',''+'transform:rotate('+ mDu +'deg); '+'transform-origin: center 94%;');
   pt2.setAttribute('style',''+'transform:rotate('+ hDu +'deg); '+'transform-origin: center 95%;');
  }
  //每隔1毫秒檢測(cè)一次
  setInterval(clockRotate,100);
  function init(){
   clockNum();
  }
   init();
  </script>
</html>

3、帶按鈕開關(guān)的form時(shí)鐘

采用按鈕的形式進(jìn)行控制，按下開，顯示時(shí)間和日期，按下關(guān)，則清空。效果圖如下

源代碼：

<!doctype html>
<html>
 <head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>帶按鈕開關(guān)的Form時(shí)鐘</title>
  <style>
   body{
    background: #aebcdf;
   }
   form{
    position:absolute;
    left:50;
    top:50;
    z-index:5;
   }
   input{
    color:red;
   }
   input[type="text"]{
    color: black;
   }
   .center{
    position: absolute;
    top:50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    border: 2px solid yellow;
    width: 220px;
    height: 42px;
    padding: 10px;
   }
  </style>
 </head>
 <body>
  <div class="center">
  <form name="clock" >
   <input type="text" name="disp" value="" size=30 onFocus="this.blur()" ><br>
   <input type="button" name="rad" value="off" id="offbtn" >關(guān)
   <input type="button" name="rad" value=" on" id="onbtn">開
  </form>
  <div>
 </body>
 <script>
   //公共事件
   var common={
    //獲取id
    getid:function (id){
     return document.getElementById(id);
    },
    //綁定事件
    on:function (element,eventName,listener){
     if (element.addEventListener){
       element.addEventListener(eventName,listener,false);
     }
     else if (element.attachEvent){
       element.attachEvent('on'+eventName,listener);
     }
     else
       element['on'+eventName]=listener;
    },
   }
   //時(shí)間的方法與屬性
   var time={
    //用來標(biāo)記是開還是關(guān)，0表示關(guān)
    enabled:0,
    //存儲(chǔ)星期
    day:["星期日", "星期一", "星期二", "星期三", "星期四", "星期五", "星期六"],
    //設(shè)定和顯示時(shí)間
    //注意中間用了toLocaleString();
    Time_Set:function ()
    {
     var today = new Date();
     TM=window.setTimeout('time.Time_Set()', 1000);
     var timeStr=today.toLocaleString()+" "+time.day[today.getDay()];
     document.clock.disp.value = timeStr;
     console.log(today.toLocaleString());
    },
   }
   //全局定時(shí)函數(shù)名字
   var TM;
   //點(diǎn)擊開事件
   var onbtn=common.getid("onbtn");
   common.on(onbtn,'click',function(){
    if(time.enabled == 0)
    {
     time.Time_Set();
     time.enabled = 1;
    }
   });
   //點(diǎn)擊關(guān)事件
   var offbtn=common.getid("offbtn");
   common.on(offbtn,'click',function(){
    if( time.enabled==1 )
    {
     document.clock.disp.value='';
     clearTimeout( TM );
     time.enabled = 0;
    }
   });
  </script>
</html>

4、年齡提示器

網(wǎng)頁打開時(shí)依次彈出3個(gè)輸入對(duì)話框，分別需要你輸入你的出生日期（年月日），然后顯示內(nèi)容，顯示你的出生年月，距離下一次你的生日還有多少時(shí)間，以及你活了多少時(shí)間。效果圖：

源代碼：

<!doctype html>
<html>
 <head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>年齡提示器</title>
  <style>
  div{
   position: absolute;
   top:50%;
   left: 50%;
   transform:translate(-50%,-50%);
   width: 375px;
   height: 200px;
   border: 2px solid red;
   padding: 20px;
  }
  p{
   margin: 0;
   margin-bottom: 10px;
  }
  input{
   margin-bottom: 10px;
  }
  </style>
 </head>
 <body bgcolor="f9fcb6" >
  <div>
   <form>
    <p id="birday"></p>
    <p id="age"></p>
    <input type="text" name="nextYear" size="47" value="">
    <p>I've been alive for...</p>
    <input type="text" name="liveYear" size="47" value="">
    <p>您已在本站停留了</p>
    <input type=text name="input1" size=10 value="">
    <br>
   </form>
  </div>
 </body>
 <script >
   function getid(id){
    return document.getElementById(id);
   }
   var timerID=window.setTimeout("showtime()",1);
   //彈出輸入框，獲取用戶的出生日期,注意要把日期轉(zhuǎn)化為數(shù)字
   var bMonth =parseInt(prompt('Which month were you born in?(月份)','1-12'));
   var bDate =parseInt(prompt('Which day were you born on?(天)','1-31'));
   var bYear =parseInt(prompt('Which year were you born in?(年份)','1900-'+new Date().getFullYear()));
   var tMonth = ['January','February','March','April','May','June','July','August','September','October','November','December'];
   var corrMonth = tMonth[bMonth-1];
   getid("birday").innerHTML=" I was born <b>"+corrMonth+", "+bDate+", "+bYear+"</b>. (<b>"+bMonth+"/"+bDate+"/"+bYear+"</b>)";
   //傳入格式化后的時(shí)間，用來計(jì)算兩個(gè)時(shí)間差，nextAgeDay > today
   function computeTime(nextAgeDay,today){
    var day={};
    var liveSec=nextAgeDay.getTime();
    var lTime = today.getTime();
    var daysec=24*60*60*1000;
    var hoursec=60*60*1000;
    var minsec=60*1000;
    var tt=(-lTime+liveSec);
    //計(jì)算時(shí)間差，天，小時(shí)，分，秒
    day._1day=Math.floor(tt/daysec);
    day._1hour=Math.floor((tt-day._1day*daysec)/hoursec);
    day._1min=Math.floor((tt-day._1day*daysec-day._1hour*hoursec)/minsec);
    day._1sec=Math.floor((tt-day._1day*daysec-day._1hour*hoursec-day._1min*minsec)/1000);
    return day;
   }
   //計(jì)算距離下一歲還有多少天的時(shí)候，可以采用與現(xiàn)在的秒數(shù)相減getTime;
   function showtime()
   {
     //獲取當(dāng)前日期
    var today = new Date();
    var month = today.getMonth() + 1;
    var date = today.getDate();
    var year = today.getFullYear();
    //計(jì)算下一次生日是哪一年
    var nextAgeYear;
    var yourAge = year - bYear;
    if (bMonth < month || ((bMonth == month) && (date > bdate))) {
     yourAge--;
      nextAgeYear=year+1;
     }
    else {
      nextAgeYear=year;
     }
     //下一年幾歲
    var nextAge = yourAge + 1;
    //將下一次生日時(shí)間格式化，默認(rèn)時(shí)間在00:00;計(jì)算距離下一次生日還還有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間
    var nextAgeDay = new Date(""+nextAgeYear+","+bMonth+", "+bDate+" , 00:00");
    var day=computeTime(nextAgeDay,today);
    //將出生日期時(shí)間格式化，默認(rèn)時(shí)間在00:00;計(jì)算已經(jīng)活了多久了
    var bornAgeDay = new Date(""+bYear+","+bMonth+", "+bDate+" , 00:00");
    var lday=computeTime(today,bornAgeDay);
    //將結(jié)果輸出
    document.forms[0].nextYear.value =""+day._1day+"days, "+day._1hour+"hours, "+day._1min+"minutes, "+day._1sec+"seconds";
    getid("age").innerHTML=" I am <b>"+yourAge+"</b> years old, and will turn <b>"+nextAge+"</b> in:";
    document.forms[0].liveYear.value =""+lday._1day+"days, "+lday._1hour+"hours, "+lday._1min+"minutes, "+lday._1sec+"seconds";
    timerID = window.setTimeout("showtime()",1000);
   }
   //第三個(gè)輸入框,計(jì)算停留時(shí)間
   var sec=0;
   var min=0;
   var hou=0;
   var idt=window.setTimeout("update();",1);
   function update()
   {
    if(sec==60){sec=0;min+=1;}
    if(min==60){min=0;hou+=1;}
    document.forms[0].input1.value=hou+"時(shí)"+min+"分"+sec+"秒";
    idt=window.setTimeout("update();",1000);
    sec++;
   }
  </script>
</html>

5、得到文件的最后修改時(shí)間

本節(jié)主要講獲取HTML文件的最后修改時(shí)間。效果如下，其實(shí)跟前面的例子很像。

源代碼：

<!doctype html>
<html>
 <head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>獲得文件的最后修改時(shí)間</title>
  <style>
  body{
   background: yellow;
  }
  .center{
   position: absolute;
   top:50%;
   left: 50%;
   transform:translate(-50%,-50%);
   width: 300px;
   height: 110px;
   border: 2px solid red;
   padding: 10px;
  }
  p{
   text-align: center;
   margin: 0px;
   padding: 10px;
  }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
 <script>
  //獲得文件的格式化最后修改時(shí)間
  function DocDate()
  {
  var StrofLastMod = document.lastModified;
  //獲得文件的最后修改時(shí)間，它是一個(gè)string類型的變量。
  var months = ["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August", "September","October","November","December"]; //月份名變量，供轉(zhuǎn)換。
  var days = ["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"];//星期名變量，供轉(zhuǎn)換
  var c = ":"; //用來分隔時(shí)，分，秒。
  var mdate =new Date(StrofLastMod);
  var month = months[mdate.getMonth()];
  var date = mdate.getDate();
  var year = mdate.getFullYear();
  var day = days[mdate.getDay()];
  var minutes=mdate.getMinutes();
  var hours= mdate.getHours();
  var seconds=mdate.getSeconds();
  var miliSec=mdate.getMilliseconds();
   var dateStr = year+" "+month+" "+date+" "+day+" "+hours+c+minutes+c+seconds+"."+miliSec; //獲得格式化的文件最后修改時(shí)間。
  return dateStr;
 }
 var div=document.createElement("div");
 div.className="center";
 var divson=document.createElement("div");
 divson.innerHTML="<p>This File is last updated at:</p><p>"+DocDate()+"</p><p>"+document.lastModified+"</p>";
 div.appendChild(divson);
 document.body.appendChild(div);
 </script>
</body>
</html>

PS：這里再為大家推薦幾款比較實(shí)用的天數(shù)計(jì)算在線工具供大家使用：

在線日期/天數(shù)計(jì)算器：
http://tools.jb51.net/jisuanqi/date_jisuanqi

在線日期計(jì)算器/相差天數(shù)計(jì)算器：
http://tools.jb51.net/jisuanqi/datecalc

在線日期天數(shù)差計(jì)算器：
http://tools.jb51.net/jisuanqi/onlinedatejsq

在線天數(shù)計(jì)算器：
http://tools.jb51.net/jisuanqi/datejsq

更多關(guān)于JavaScript相關(guān)內(nèi)容感興趣的讀者可查看本站專題：《JavaScript時(shí)間與日期操作技巧總結(jié)》、《JavaScript+HTML5特效與技巧匯總》、《JavaScript錯(cuò)誤與調(diào)試技巧總結(jié)》、《JavaScript數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)與算法技巧總結(jié)》及《JavaScript數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算用法總結(jié)》

希望本文所述對(duì)大家JavaScript程序設(shè)計(jì)有所幫助。

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