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Oracle基礎(chǔ)多條sql執(zhí)行在中間的語句出現(xiàn)錯誤時的控制方式

更新時間：2018年12月27日 08:58:13 作者：liumiaocn

今天小編就為大家分享一篇關(guān)于Oracle基礎(chǔ)多條sql執(zhí)行在中間的語句出現(xiàn)錯誤時的控制方式，小編覺得內(nèi)容挺不錯的，現(xiàn)在分享給大家，具有很好的參考價值，需要的朋友一起跟隨小編來看看吧

多條sql執(zhí)行時如果在中間的語句出現(xiàn)錯誤，后續(xù)會不會直接執(zhí)行，如何進行設(shè)定，以及其他數(shù)據(jù)庫諸如Mysql是如何對應(yīng)的，這篇文章將會進行簡單的整理和說明。

環(huán)境準備

使用Oracle的精簡版創(chuàng)建docker方式的demo環(huán)境，詳細可參看：

http://www.dbjr.com.cn/article/153533.htm

多行語句的正常執(zhí)行

對上篇文章創(chuàng)建的兩個字段的學(xué)生信息表，正常添加三條數(shù)據(jù)，詳細如下：

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
> desc student
> select * from student;
> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
> insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao');
> insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
> commit;
> select * from student;
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:08:35 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> Name    Null?  Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
 STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
SQL> 
no rows selected
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> 
Commit complete.
SQL> 
   STUID STUNAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
   1001 liumiaocn
   1002 liumiao
   1003 michael
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
#

多行語句中間出錯時的缺省動作

問題：

三行insert語句，如果中間的一行出錯，缺省的狀況下第三行會不會被插入進去？

我們將第二條insert語句的主鍵故意設(shè)定重復(fù)，然后進行確認第三條數(shù)據(jù)是否會進行插入即可。

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > >    
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:15:16 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> Name    Null?  Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
 STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
SQL> 
2 rows deleted.
SQL> 
no rows selected
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> 
   STUID STUNAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
   1001 liumiaocn
   1003 michael
SQL> SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
#

結(jié)果非常清晰地表明是會繼續(xù)執(zhí)行的，在oracle中通過什么來對其進行控制呢？

WHENEVER SQLERROR

答案很簡單，在oracle中通過WHENEVER SQLERROR來進行控制。

WHENEVER SQLERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING | n | variable | :BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NONE]}

WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT

添加此行設(shè)定，即會在失敗的時候立即推出，接下來我們進行確認：

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > > > > > > 
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:27:15 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
 STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
SQL> 
2 rows deleted.
SQL> 
no rows selected
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
#

WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE

使用CONTINUE則和缺省方式下的行為一致，出錯仍然繼續(xù)執(zhí)行

# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE <<EOF
WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > > > > > > 
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:31:54 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
 STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
SQL> 
1 row deleted.
SQL> 
no rows selected
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> 
   STUID STUNAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
   1001 liumiaocn
   1003 michael
SQL> 
Commit complete.
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
#

Mysql中類似的機制

mysql中使用source是否提供相關(guān)的類似機制的問題中，最終引入了Oracle此項功能在mysql中引入的建議，詳細請參看：