Spring Boot如何使用HikariCP連接池詳解
前言
Springboot讓Java開(kāi)發(fā)更加美好,更加簡(jiǎn)潔,更加簡(jiǎn)單。Spring Boot 2.x中使用HikariCP作為默認(rèn)的數(shù)據(jù)連接池。 HikariCP使用Javassist字節(jié)碼操作庫(kù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)代理,優(yōu)化并精簡(jiǎn)了字節(jié)碼,同時(shí)內(nèi)部使用 com.zaxxer.hikari.util.FastList
代替ArrayList、使用了更好的并發(fā)集合類 com.zaxxer.hikari.util.ConcurrentBag
,“號(hào)稱”是目前最快的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池。
下面話不多說(shuō)了,來(lái)一起看看詳細(xì)的介紹吧
基本使用
在Spring Boot 2.x中使用HikariCP十分簡(jiǎn)單,只需引入依賴 implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jdbc'
:
pluginManagement { repositories { gradlePluginPortal() } } rootProject.name = 'datasource-config' plugins { id 'org.springframework.boot' version '2.1.3.RELEASE' id 'java' } apply plugin: 'io.spring.dependency-management' group = 'spring-boot-guides' version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT' sourceCompatibility = '1.8' repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-jdbc' runtimeOnly 'com.h2database:h2' testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test' }
配置文件如下:
spring: datasource: url: jdbc:h2:mem:demodb username: sa password: hikari: # https://github.com/brettwooldridge/HikariCP (uses milliseconds for all time values) maximumPoolSize: 10 minimumIdle: 2 idleTimeout: 600000 connectionTimeout: 30000 maxLifetime: 1800000
關(guān)于連接池的具體配置參數(shù)詳見(jiàn) HikariCP 。
示例代碼如下:
package springbootguides.datasourceconfig; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import javax.sql.DataSource; import java.sql.Connection; @SpringBootApplication public class DatasourceConfigApplication implements CommandLineRunner { @Autowired private DataSource datasource; @Override public void run(String... args) throws Exception { try(Connection conn = datasource.getConnection()) { System.out.println(conn); } } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DatasourceConfigApplication.class, args); } }
實(shí)現(xiàn)原理
Spring Boot使用如下方式整合HikariCP:入口是 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration
,通過(guò) org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceConfiguration.Hikari
中的 @Bean 方式創(chuàng)建 com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
:
/** * Hikari DataSource configuration. */ @ConditionalOnClass(HikariDataSource.class) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(DataSource.class) @ConditionalOnProperty(name = "spring.datasource.type", havingValue = "com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource", matchIfMissing = true) static class Hikari { @Bean @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.hikari") public HikariDataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) { HikariDataSource dataSource = createDataSource(properties, HikariDataSource.class); if (StringUtils.hasText(properties.getName())) { dataSource.setPoolName(properties.getName()); } return dataSource; } }
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.hikari")
會(huì)自動(dòng)把 spring.datasource.hikari.*
相關(guān)的連接池配置信息注入到創(chuàng)建的HikariDataSource實(shí)例中。
HikariCP的監(jiān)控和遙測(cè)
因?yàn)樵谖覀兊奈⒎?wù)體系中使用的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)是Prometheus,這里以Prometheus為例。
注意spring boot 2.0對(duì)spring boot 1.x的metrics進(jìn)行了重構(gòu),不再向后兼容,主要是在spring-boot-acutator中使用了micrometer,支持了更多的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng):Atlas、Datadog、Ganglia、Graphite、Influx、JMX、NewRelic、Prometheus、SignalFx、StatsD、Wavefront。Spring boot 2.0的metrics對(duì)比spring boot 1.x除了引入micrometer外,更大的體現(xiàn)是支持了tag,這也說(shuō)明Prometheus、Influx等支持Tag的時(shí)序監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)模型的監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)成為主流。
在前面示例中的build.gradle中加入如下依賴:
implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web' implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-actuator' implementation 'io.micrometer:micrometer-registry-prometheus'
配置文件applycation.yaml中加入對(duì)actuator的配置:
management: endpoints: web: exposure: include: "health,info,prometheus" server: port: 8079 servlet: context-path: /
注意這里引入了web和actuator依賴,通過(guò)配置 management.server.port 指定actuator的web端點(diǎn)為8089端口,通過(guò) management.endpoints.include 對(duì)外開(kāi)放 /actuator/prometheus ,在引入 io.micrometer:micrometer-registry-prometheus 依賴之后,端點(diǎn) /actuator/prometheus 當(dāng)即生效。
curl http://localhost:8079/actuator/prometheus | grep hikari # TYPE hikaricp_connections_acquire_seconds summary hikaricp_connections_acquire_seconds_count{pool="HikariPool-1",} 3.0 hikaricp_connections_acquire_seconds_sum{pool="HikariPool-1",} 0.001230082 # HELP hikaricp_connections_acquire_seconds_max Connection acquire time # TYPE hikaricp_connections_acquire_seconds_max gauge hikaricp_connections_acquire_seconds_max{pool="HikariPool-1",} 0.0 # HELP hikaricp_connections_min Min connections # TYPE hikaricp_connections_min gauge hikaricp_connections_min{pool="HikariPool-1",} 2.0 # TYPE hikaricp_connections_timeout_total counter hikaricp_connections_timeout_total{pool="HikariPool-1",} 0.0 # HELP hikaricp_connections_pending Pending threads # TYPE hikaricp_connections_pending gauge hikaricp_connections_pending{pool="HikariPool-1",} 0.0 # HELP hikaricp_connections_usage_seconds Connection usage time # TYPE hikaricp_connections_usage_seconds summary hikaricp_connections_usage_seconds_count{pool="HikariPool-1",} 3.0 hikaricp_connections_usage_seconds_sum{pool="HikariPool-1",} 0.06 # HELP hikaricp_connections_usage_seconds_max Connection usage time # TYPE hikaricp_connections_usage_seconds_max gauge hikaricp_connections_usage_seconds_max{pool="HikariPool-1",} 0.0 # HELP hikaricp_connections_max Max connections # TYPE hikaricp_connections_max gauge hikaricp_connections_max{pool="HikariPool-1",} 10.0 # HELP hikaricp_connections Total connections # TYPE hikaricp_connections gauge hikaricp_connections{pool="HikariPool-1",} 2.0 # HELP hikaricp_connections_creation_seconds_max Connection creation time # TYPE hikaricp_connections_creation_seconds_max gauge hikaricp_connections_creation_seconds_max{pool="HikariPool-1",} 0.0 # HELP hikaricp_connections_creation_seconds Connection creation time # TYPE hikaricp_connections_creation_seconds summary hikaricp_connections_creation_seconds_count{pool="HikariPool-1",} 1.0 hikaricp_connections_creation_seconds_sum{pool="HikariPool-1",} 0.001 # HELP hikaricp_connections_idle Idle connections # TYPE hikaricp_connections_idle gauge hikaricp_connections_idle{pool="HikariPool-1",} 2.0 # HELP hikaricp_connections_active Active connections # TYPE hikaricp_connections_active gauge hikaricp_connections_active{pool="HikariPool-1",} 0.0
參考
• HikariCP
總結(jié)
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