Flutter 網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求框架封裝詳解

更新時間：2019年03月31日 08:30:59 作者：蘆葦科技App技術(shù)團隊

這篇文章主要介紹了Flutter 網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求框架封裝詳解，小編覺得挺不錯的，現(xiàn)在分享給大家，也給大家做個參考。一起跟隨小編過來看看吧

Flutter 請求網(wǎng)絡(luò)的三種方式

flutter 請求網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方式有三種，分別是 Dart 原生的網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求 HttpClient、第三方網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求 http以及 Flutter 中的 Dio。我們可以比較一下這三種網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求方式，然后封裝為我們方便請求網(wǎng)絡(luò)的工具類。

Dart 原生的網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求 HttpClient

實現(xiàn) Dart 獲取網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)的請求，一般我們需要以下幾個步驟：

step 1：原生的網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求時不需要修改 pubspec.yaml 文件的，我們只需要在使用的地方引入所需包就可以了

import 'dart:convert';
import 'dart:io';

step 2：創(chuàng)建一個HttpClient

HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();

step 3: 打開Http連接，設(shè)置請求頭

HttpClientRequest request = await httpClient.getUrl(uri);

在這一步中，我們可以設(shè)置人意的的請求方法，比如 Get 請求、Post 請求、Delete 請求。

例如：攜帶參數(shù)的請求

Uri uri=Uri(scheme: "https", host: "flutterchina.club", queryParameters: {
  "userName":"chen",
  "password":"123456"
 });

例如：設(shè)置請求的 header

request.headers.add("user-agent", "test");
request.headers.add("Authorization", "LKSJDLFJSDLKJSLKklsdj");

step 4: 等待連接服務(wù)器

HttpClientResponse response = await request.close();

step 5: 讀取響應(yīng)內(nèi)容

if (response.statusCode == HttpStatus.ok) {
   _content = await response.transform(Utf8Decoder()).join();
}

step 6: 斷開連接

httpClient.close();

以上的步驟是 dart 簡單獲取網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方式，我們從上面可以看到，通過 HttpClient 發(fā)起網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求時比較麻煩的，很多都要我們親手處理，還有 Cookie 的管理也是比較麻煩的。

庫 http step

1：pubspec.yaml 添加依賴

http: '>=0.11.3+12'

step 2: 在使用的地方導(dǎo)包

import 'package:http/http.dart' as http;

step 3：發(fā)起請求

Get 請求

void getRequest() async {
  var client = http.Client();
  http.Response response = await client.get(url_2);
  _content = response.body;
 }

Post 請求

 void postRequest() async {
  var params = Map<String, String>();
  params["username"] = "hellonews";
  params["password"] = "123456";

  var client = http.Client();
  var response = await client.post(url_post, body: params);
  _content = response.body;
 }

相對比 Dart 原生的網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求，第三方庫 http 的網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求方式是要方便好多，寫起來也是挺爽的。

Flutter 發(fā)布的 dio

Dio 一個強大的 Dart Http 請求庫，支持 Restful API、FormData、攔截器、請求取消、Cookie管理、文件上傳/下載、超時等...

step 1：pubspec.yaml 添加依賴

dependencies:
 dio: ^1.0.9

step 2：導(dǎo)入引用包

import 'package:dio/dio.dart';

step 3：發(fā)起網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求

Get 請求

void getRequest() async {
  Dio dio = new Dio();
  var response = await dio.get("/test?id=12&name=chen");
  _content = response.data.toString();
 }

對于 query 參數(shù)，我們可以通過對象來進行傳遞，上面的代碼等同于：

void getRequest() async {
  Dio dio = new Dio();
  var response = await dio.get("/test"，data:{"id":12,"name":"chen"});
  _content = response.data.toString();
 }

Post 請求

 void postRequest() async {
  var dio = new Dio();
  var response = await dio.post(url_post, data:{"id":12,"name":"wendu"});
  _content = response.data.toString();
 }

Dio 網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求框架封裝

日志信息攔截

Dio 和 okhttp 一樣，都會有一個請求攔截器和響應(yīng)攔截器，通過攔截器，我們可以在請求之前或響應(yīng)之后做一些同意的預(yù)處理。例如我們發(fā)起請求前查看我們請求的參數(shù)和頭部，響應(yīng)的時候，我們可以查看返回來的數(shù)據(jù)。

  Dio dio = new Dio();
  // 添加攔截器
  if (Config.DEBUG) {
   dio.interceptors.add(InterceptorsWrapper(
     onRequest: (RequestOptions options){
      print("\n================== 請求數(shù)據(jù) ==========================");
      print("url = ${options.uri.toString()}");
      print("headers = ${options.headers}");
      print("params = ${options.data}");
     },
     onResponse: (Response response){
      print("\n================== 響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù) ==========================");
      print("code = ${response.statusCode}");
      print("data = ${response.data}");
      print("\n");
     },
     onError: (DioError e){
      print("\n================== 錯誤響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù) ======================");
      print("type = ${e.type}");
      print("message = ${e.message}");
      print("stackTrace = ${e.stackTrace}");
      print("\n");
     }
   ));
  }

如果我們想要移除攔截器，那么我們可以將其設(shè)置為 null

dio.interceptor.request.onSend=null;
dio.interceptor.response.onSuccess=null;
dio.interceptor.response.onError=null;

token 添加

  // 頭部添加 token 驗證
  headers["Authorization"] = "token lskjdlklsjkdklsjd333";
  option.headers = headers;
  ///超時
  option.connectTimeout = 15000;
  try {
   Response response = await dio.request(url, data: params, options: option);
  } on DioError catch (e) {
   // 請求錯誤處理
  }

自動生成 dart 的 json 實體類插件 FlutterJsonBeanFactory

在 Android 開發(fā)中，有 GsonFormat 這個插件來講 json 數(shù)據(jù)自動轉(zhuǎn)化成 Bean；那么在 Flutter 中也有類似的插件可以生產(chǎn)序列化的實體類的插件：FlutterJsonBeanFactory

step 1：下載插件 FlutterJsonBeanFactory，安裝完成后重啟

Setting -> Plugins -> Browse Respositories 中搜索 FlutterJsonBeanFactory

step 2：創(chuàng)建實體類，在指定目錄下：

New -> dart bean class File from JSON

step 3：輸入實體類名及 json 格式的數(shù)據(jù)

step 4：最后生成的實體類：LoginEntity

class LoginEntity {
	String easemobpassword;
	String username;

	LoginEntity({this.easemobpassword, this.username});

	LoginEntity.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
		easemobpassword = json['easemobPassword'];
		username = json['username'];
	}

	Map<String, dynamic> toJson() {
		final Map<String, dynamic> data = new Map<String, dynamic>();
		data['easemobPassword'] = this.easemobpassword;
		data['username'] = this.username;
		return data;
	}
}

請求錯誤處理

 Response response;
  try {
   response = await dio.request(url, data: params, options: option);
  } on DioError catch (e) {
   // 請求錯誤處理
   Response errorResponse;
   if (e.response != null) {
    errorResponse = e.response;
   } else {
    errorResponse = new Response(statusCode: 666);
   }
   if (e.type == DioErrorType.CONNECT_TIMEOUT) {
    errorResponse.statusCode = Code.NETWORK_TIMEOUT;
   }
   if (Config.DEBUG) {
    print('請求異常: ' + e.toString());
    print('請求異常 url: ' + url);
   }
   return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(errorResponse.statusCode, e.message, noTip), false, errorResponse.statusCode);
  }

其中 ResultData 是網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)果處理的實體類

/**
 * 網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)
 * Created by chenjianrun
 * Date: 2018-07-16
 */
class ResultData {
 var data;
 bool result;
 int code;
 var headers;

 ResultData(this.data, this.result, this.code, {this.headers});
}

Code 是處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)錯誤的編碼，并將錯誤結(jié)果通過 eventbus 發(fā)送出去，一般我們可以在 main_pager 中注冊監(jiān)聽這個事件。

///網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求錯誤編碼
class Code {
 ///網(wǎng)絡(luò)錯誤
 static const NETWORK_ERROR = -1;

 ///網(wǎng)絡(luò)超時
 static const NETWORK_TIMEOUT = -2;

 ///網(wǎng)絡(luò)返回數(shù)據(jù)格式化一次
 static const NETWORK_JSON_EXCEPTION = -3;

 static const SUCCESS = 200;

 static final EventBus eventBus = new EventBus();

 static errorHandleFunction(code, message, noTip) {
  if(noTip) {
   return message;
  }
  eventBus.fire(new HttpErrorEvent(code, message));
  return message;
 }
}

完成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求類：HttpRequest

import 'dart:io';

import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
import 'package:private_tutor/common/SpUtils.dart';
import 'package:connectivity/connectivity.dart';

import 'dart:collection';

import 'package:private_tutor/common/config/Config.dart';
import 'package:private_tutor/net/ResultCode.dart';
import 'package:private_tutor/net/ResultData.dart';

///http請求管理類，可單獨抽取出來
class HttpRequest {
 static String _baseUrl;
 static const CONTENT_TYPE_JSON = "application/json";
 static const CONTENT_TYPE_FORM = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
 static Map optionParams = {
  "timeoutMs": 15000,
  "token": null,
  "authorizationCode": null,
 };

 static setBaseUrl(String baseUrl){
  _baseUrl = baseUrl;
 }

 static get(url,param) async{
  return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, null, new Options(method:"GET"));
 }

 static post(url,param) async{
  return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, {"Accept": 'application/vnd.github.VERSION.full+json'}, new Options(method: 'POST'));
 }

 static delete(url,param) async{
  return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, null, new Options(method: 'DELETE'));
 }

 static put(url,param) async{
  return await request(_baseUrl+url, param, null, new Options(method: "PUT", contentType: ContentType.text));
 }

 ///發(fā)起網(wǎng)絡(luò)請求
 ///[ url] 請求url
 ///[ params] 請求參數(shù)
 ///[ header] 外加頭
 ///[ option] 配置
 static request(url, params, Map<String, String> header, Options option, {noTip = false}) async {

  //沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò)
  var connectivityResult = await (new Connectivity().checkConnectivity());
  if (connectivityResult == ConnectivityResult.none) {
   return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(Code.NETWORK_ERROR, "", noTip), false, Code.NETWORK_ERROR);
  }

  Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap();
  if (header != null) {
   headers.addAll(header);
  }

  //授權(quán)碼
  if (optionParams["authorizationCode"] == null) {
   var authorizationCode = await getAuthorization();
   if (authorizationCode != null) {
    optionParams["authorizationCode"] = authorizationCode;
   }
  }

  headers["Authorization"] = optionParams["authorizationCode"];
  // 設(shè)置 baseUrl
  
  if (option != null) {
   option.headers = headers;
  } else{
   option = new Options(method: "get");
   option.headers = headers;
  }

  ///超時
  option.connectTimeout = 15000;

  Dio dio = new Dio();
  // 添加攔截器
  if (Config.DEBUG) {
   dio.interceptors.add(InterceptorsWrapper(
     onRequest: (RequestOptions options){
      print("\n================== 請求數(shù)據(jù) ==========================");
      print("url = ${options.uri.toString()}");
      print("headers = ${options.headers}");
      print("params = ${options.data}");
     },
     onResponse: (Response response){
      print("\n================== 響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù) ==========================");
      print("code = ${response.statusCode}");
      print("data = ${response.data}");
      print("\n");
     },
     onError: (DioError e){
      print("\n================== 錯誤響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù) ======================");
      print("type = ${e.type}");
      print("message = ${e.message}");
      print("stackTrace = ${e.stackTrace}");
      print("\n");
     }
   ));
  }

  Response response;
  try {
   response = await dio.request(url, data: params, options: option);
  } on DioError catch (e) {
   // 請求錯誤處理
   Response errorResponse;
   if (e.response != null) {
    errorResponse = e.response;
   } else {
    errorResponse = new Response(statusCode: 666);
   }
   if (e.type == DioErrorType.CONNECT_TIMEOUT) {
    errorResponse.statusCode = Code.NETWORK_TIMEOUT;
   }
   if (Config.DEBUG) {
    print('請求異常: ' + e.toString());
    print('請求異常 url: ' + url);
   }
   return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(errorResponse.statusCode, e.message, noTip), false, errorResponse.statusCode);
  }

  try {
   if (option.contentType != null && option.contentType.primaryType == "text") {
    return new ResultData(response.data, true, Code.SUCCESS);
   } else {
    var responseJson = response.data;
    if (response.statusCode == 201 && responseJson["token"] != null) {
     optionParams["authorizationCode"] = 'token ' + responseJson["token"];
     await SpUtils.save(Config.TOKEN_KEY, optionParams["authorizationCode"]);
    }
   }
   if (response.statusCode == 200 || response.statusCode == 201) {
    return ResultData(response.data, true, Code.SUCCESS, headers: response.headers);
   }
  } catch (e) {
   print(e.toString() + url);
   return ResultData(response.data, false, response.statusCode, headers: response.headers);
  }
  return new ResultData(Code.errorHandleFunction(response.statusCode, "", noTip), false, response.statusCode);
 }

 ///清除授權(quán)
 static clearAuthorization() {
  optionParams["authorizationCode"] = null;
  SpUtils.remove(Config.TOKEN_KEY);
 }

 ///獲取授權(quán)token
 static getAuthorization() async {
  String token = await SpUtils.get(Config.TOKEN_KEY);
  if (token == null) {
   String basic = await SpUtils.get(Config.USER_BASIC_CODE);
   if (basic == null) {
    //提示輸入賬號密碼
   } else {
    //通過 basic 去獲取token，獲取到設(shè)置，返回token
    return "Basic $basic";
   }
  } else {
   optionParams["authorizationCode"] = token;
   return token;
  }
 }
}

使用示例

/// 登錄 model
class LoginModel{
  // 手機號碼登錄
 static phoneLogin(String phone,String verifyCode) async{
  ResultData response = await HttpRequest.post(Address.phoneLogin, {"phoneNum" : phone,"captcha":verifyCode});
  if(response != null && response.result){
    PhoneLoginEntity phoneLoginEntity = PhoneLoginEntity.fromJson(json.decode(response.data));
    return new DataResult(phoneLoginEntity, true);
  }else{
   return new DataResult(null, false);
  }
 }

  // 獲取驗證碼
 static getVerifyCode(String phone) async{
  ResultData response = await HttpRequest.get("${Address.getVerifyCode}?phone=${phone}", null);

//  var response = await HttpRequest.get(Address.getVerifyCode, {"phone":phone});
  if(response != null && response.result){
   VerifyCodeEntity entity = VerifyCodeEntity.fromJson(response.data);
   return new DataResult(entity, true);
  }else{
   return new DataResult(null, false);
  }
 }
}

以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容，希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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