Spring+SpringMVC+Hibernate項目環(huán)境搭建的步驟(圖文)

更新時間：2019年05月06日 10:27:45 作者：markliwei1

這篇文章主要介紹了Spring+SpringMVC+Hibernate項目環(huán)境搭建的步驟(圖文)，文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧

工具篇：Intellij Idea+maven+Spring+SpringMVC
Spring+SpringMVC環(huán)境搭建

一、SpringMVC環(huán)境搭建

1、創(chuàng)建新項目

(1)、第一步是創(chuàng)建一個由Maven原型的項目，根據(jù)圖片上的步驟一次選擇Maven—–>create from archetype—->maven-archtype-webapp

(2)、第二步是填寫GroupId 和ArtifactId

(3)、在位置1處選擇我們maven安裝的目錄，在位置2處選擇settings.xml的路徑(我只是設(shè)置了一次之后就是默認(rèn)的了)

(4)、設(shè)置項目名和項目的位置

到這里項目就創(chuàng)建成功了

2、添加Maven中項目所需要的Jar包

在pom.xml中添加項目SpringMVC所依賴的Jar包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

 <groupId>com.zbt</groupId>
 <artifactId>enviroment</artifactId>
 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 <packaging>war</packaging>

 <name>enviroment Maven Webapp</name>
 <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
 <url>http://www.example.com</url>

 <properties>
 <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
 <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
 <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
 </properties>

 <dependencies>
 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>

 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aspects -->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-expression -->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc -->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-orm -->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx -->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
 </dependency>
 <!--servlet相關(guān)的Jar包-->
 <dependency>
  <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
  <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
  <version>3.1.0</version>
  <scope>provided</scope>
 </dependency>

 <dependency>
  <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
  <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
  <version>1.2</version>
 </dependency>

 <dependency>
  <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
  <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
  <version>1.1.2</version>
 </dependency>
 </dependencies>

 <build>
 <finalName>enviroment</finalName>
 </build>
</project>

3、配置web.xml文件

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
  "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
  "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app version="2.4"
   xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
  http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
 <!--設(shè)置我們的url都會交給DispatcherServlet-->
 <welcome-file-list>
 <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
 </welcome-file-list>
 <servlet>
 <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
 <init-param>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>classpath:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
 </init-param>
 <!--Tomcat 啟動時就會初始化DispatcherServlet-->
 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
 <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

5、配置spring-mvc.xml文件

在resources文件夾下新建一個spring-mvc.xml。spring-mvc.xml文件的功能是什么？

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
 <!--啟用spring的一些annotation-->
 <context:annotation-config/>

 <!--自動掃描com.zbt.controller-->
 <context:component-scan base-package="zbt.com.controller"/>

 <!--配置注解驅(qū)動可以將request參數(shù)綁定到controller參數(shù)上-->
 <mvc:annotation-driven/>

 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
  <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
  <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
  <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
 </bean>

</beans>

6、編寫Controller類

package controller;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentController {
 private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(StudentController.class);
 @RequestMapping("/hello")
 public String sayHi(){
  logger.info("sayHi are called!");
  return "hello";
 }
}

在WEB-INF/jsp文件夾下創(chuàng)建測試的hello.jsp

<html>
<body>
 <h2>Hello World!</h2>
</body>
</html>

啟動服務(wù)器，在瀏覽器中輸入

http://localhost:8088/student/hello.do

顯示結(jié)果為

注意事項

(1)、url-pattern最好配置成下面的形式

<servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
 <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

而不是下面這種形式

<servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

配置成第二種模式會出現(xiàn)下面的情況

27-Jun-2018 15:04:02.761 警告 [http-nio-8088-exec-8] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.noHandlerFound No mapping found for HTTP request with URI [/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp] in DispatcherServlet with name 'springMVC'

網(wǎng)頁會出現(xiàn)如下情況

(2)、我們的spring-mvc.xml是放在resources文件夾下面的，以后就按照這種方式編寫(注意這是在Intellij idea中，在Eclipse中我不知道會不是是一樣的)

<init-param>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>classpath:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
 </init-param>

二、Spring+SpringMVC環(huán)境搭建

編寫StudentService

package com.zbt.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Created by luckyboy on 2018/7/2.
 */
@Service
public class StudentService {
 public String test(){
  return "hello";
 }
}

創(chuàng)建applicationConfig配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd ">
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt">
  <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
 </context:component-scan>
</beans>

注意Spring這里的包掃描方式為，Spring掃描包的時候會排出@Controller注解，也就是不會掃描com.zbt.controller包

<context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt">
 <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>

修改spring-mvc.xml中的包掃描方式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
 <!--啟用spring的一些annotation-->
 <context:annotation-config/>

 <!--自動掃描com.zbt 而不是com.zbt.controller包-->
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt"/>

 <!--配置注解驅(qū)動可以將request參數(shù)綁定到controller參數(shù)上-->
 <mvc:annotation-driven/>

 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
  <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
  <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
  <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
 </bean>

</beans>

將StudentService注入到StudentController中

package com.zbt.controller;

import com.zbt.service.StudentService;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * Created by luckyboy on 2018/6/27.
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/student")

 private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(StudentController.class);

 //使用Autowired將StudentService注入到StudentController中
 @Autowired
 private StudentService stuService;


 @RequestMapping("/hello.do")
 public String sayHi(){
  logger.info("sayHi are called!");
  return "hello";
 }

 @RequestMapping("/spring_hello.do")
 public String springSayHi(){
  logger.info("sayHi are called by springSayHi");
  return stuService.test();
 }

}

在StudentService類上面添加@Service注解

package com.zbt.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Created by luckyboy on 2018/7/2.
 */
@Service
public class StudentService {
 public String test(){
  return "hello";
 }
}

測試

啟動服務(wù)器，在瀏覽器地址欄輸入http://localhost:8088/student/spring_hello.do，響應(yīng)如下

注意事項

我們在spring-mvc.xml中的配置包掃描時，如果包掃描配置如下

<!--錯誤配置方式-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt.controller"/>
<!--正確配置方式
<context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt"/>
-->

出現(xiàn)的錯誤

org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean Context initialization failed
 org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'studentController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'stuService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.zbt.service.StudentService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:587)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:91)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:373)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1348)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:578)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:501)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:317)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:315)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:760)
 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:869)
 at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:672)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:638)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:686)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:554)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:499)
 at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:172)
 at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1144)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1091)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:983)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:4939)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5249)
 at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:754)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:730)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:734)
 at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1736)
 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
 at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
 at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
 at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300)
 at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
 at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
 at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:482)
 at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:431)
 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
 at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
 at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
 at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300)
 at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
 at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
 at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468)
 at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$300(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76)
 at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309)
 at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1401)
 at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829)
 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
 at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
 at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
 at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
 at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:357)
 at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:200)
 at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:197)
 at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
 at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196)
 at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:568)
 at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:826)
 at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$0(TCPTransport.java:683)
 at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
 at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:682)
 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
 at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
 at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.zbt.service.StudentService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1509)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1065)
 at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:584)
 ... 67 more

會出現(xiàn)包無法掃描的情況，因此我們在spring-mvc.xml中應(yīng)該配置成掃描所有的包

以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容，希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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