Keepalived+Nginx+Tomcat 實(shí)現(xiàn)高可用Web集群的示例代碼
Keepalived+Nginx+Tomcat 實(shí)現(xiàn)高可用Web集群
一、Nginx的安裝過程
1.下載Nginx安裝包，安裝依賴環(huán)境包
(1)安裝 C++編譯環(huán)境
yum -y install gcc #C++
(2)安裝pcre
yum -y install pcre-devel
(3)安裝zlib
yum -y install zlib-devel
(4)安裝Nginx
定位到nginx 解壓文件位置，執(zhí)行編譯安裝命令
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# pwd /usr/local/nginx/nginx-1.12.2 [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure && make && make install
(5)啟動(dòng)Nginx
安裝完成后先尋找那安裝完成的目錄位置
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# whereis nginx nginx: /usr/local/nginx [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]#
進(jìn)入Nginx子目錄sbin啟動(dòng)Nginx
[root@localhost sbin]# ls nginx [root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx & [1] 5768 [root@localhost sbin]#
查看Nginx是否啟動(dòng)
或通過進(jìn)程查看Nginx啟動(dòng)情況
[root@localhost sbin]# ps -aux|grep nginx root 5769 0.0 0.0 20484 608 ? Ss 14:03 0:00 nginx: master process ./nginx nobody 5770 0.0 0.0 23012 1620 ? S 14:03 0:00 nginx: worker process root 5796 0.0 0.0 112668 972 pts/0 R+ 14:07 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx [1]+ 完成 ./nginx [root@localhost sbin]#
到此Nginx安裝完成并啟動(dòng)成功。
(6)Nginx快捷啟動(dòng)和開機(jī)啟動(dòng)配置
編輯Nginx快捷啟動(dòng)腳本【 注意Nginx安裝路徑 ， 需要根據(jù)自己的NGINX路徑進(jìn)行改動(dòng) 】
[root@localhost init.d]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then
useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user
fi
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
#configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
#configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
為啟動(dòng)腳本授權(quán) 并加入開機(jī)啟動(dòng)
[root@localhost init.d]# chmod -R 777 /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx [root@localhost init.d]# chkconfig nginx
啟動(dòng)Nginx
[root@localhost init.d]# ./nginx start
將Nginx加入系統(tǒng)環(huán)境變量
[root@localhost init.d]# echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin'>>/etc/profile && source /etc/profile
Nginx命令 [ service nginx (start|stop|restart) ]
[root@localhost init.d]# service nginx start Starting nginx (via systemctl): [ 確定 ]
Tips: 快捷命令
service nginx (start|stop|restart)
二、KeepAlived安裝和配置
1.安裝Keepalived依賴環(huán)境
yum install -y popt-devel yum install -y ipvsadm yum install -y libnl* yum install -y libnf* yum install -y openssl-devel
2.編譯Keepalived并安裝
[root@localhost keepalived-1.3.9]# ./configure [root@localhost keepalived-1.3.9]# make && make install
3.將Keepalive 安裝成系統(tǒng)服務(wù)
[root@localhost etc]# mkdir /etc/keepalived [root@localhost etc]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
手動(dòng)復(fù)制默認(rèn)的配置文件到默認(rèn)路徑
[root@localhost etc]# mkdir /etc/keepalived [root@localhost etc]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ [root@localhost etc]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
為keepalived 創(chuàng)建軟鏈接
[root@localhost sysconfig]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
設(shè)置Keepalived開機(jī)自啟動(dòng)
[root@localhost sysconfig]# chkconfig keepalived on 注意：正在將請求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到“systemctl enable keepalived.service”。 Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service
啟動(dòng)Keepalived服務(wù)
[root@localhost keepalived]# keepalived -D -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
關(guān)閉Keepalived服務(wù)
[root@localhost keepalived]# killall keepalived
三、集群規(guī)劃和搭建
環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備：
CentOS 7.2
Keepalived Version 1.4.0 - December 29, 2017
Nginx Version: nginx/1.12.2
Tomcat Version:8
集群規(guī)劃清單
| 虛擬機(jī) | IP | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| Keepalived+Nginx1[Master] | 192.168.43.101 | Nginx Server 01 |
| Keeepalived+Nginx[Backup] | 192.168.43.102 | Nginx Server 02 |
| Tomcat01 | 192.168.43.103 | Tomcat Web Server01 |
| Tomcat02 | 192.168.43.104 | Tomcat Web Server02 |
| VIP | 192.168.43.150 | 虛擬漂移IP |
1.更改Tomcat默認(rèn)歡迎頁面，用于標(biāo)識切換Web
更改TomcatServer01 節(jié)點(diǎn)ROOT/index.jsp 信息，加入TomcatIP地址，并加入Nginx值，即修改節(jié)點(diǎn)192.168.43.103信息如下：
<div id="asf-box">
<h1>${pageContext.servletContext.serverInfo}(192.168.224.103)<%=request.getHeader("X-NGINX")%></h1>
</div>
更改TomcatServer02 節(jié)點(diǎn)ROOT/index.jsp信息，加入TomcatIP地址，并加入Nginx值，即修改節(jié)點(diǎn)192.168.43.104信息如下：
<div id="asf-box">
<h1>${pageContext.servletContext.serverInfo}(192.168.224.104)<%=request.getHeader("X-NGINX")%></h1>
</div>
2.啟動(dòng)Tomcat服務(wù)，查看Tomcat服務(wù)IP信息，此時(shí)Nginx未啟動(dòng)，因此request-header沒有Nginx信息。
3.配置Nginx代理信息
1.配置Master節(jié)點(diǎn)[192.168.43.101]代理信息
upstream tomcat {
server 192.168.43.103:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.43.104:8080 weight=1;
}
server{
location / {
proxy_pass http://tomcat;
proxy_set_header X-NGINX "NGINX-1";
}
#......其他省略
}
2.配置Backup節(jié)點(diǎn)[192.168.43.102]代理信息
upstream tomcat {
server 192.168.43.103:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.43.104:8080 weight=1;
}
server{
location / {
proxy_pass http://tomcat;
proxy_set_header X-NGINX "NGINX-2";
}
#......其他省略
}
3.啟動(dòng)Master 節(jié)點(diǎn)Nginx服務(wù)
[root@localhost init.d]# service nginx start Starting nginx (via systemctl): [ 確定 ]
此時(shí)訪問 192.168.43.101 可以看到103和104節(jié)點(diǎn)Tcomat交替顯示，說明Nginx服務(wù)已經(jīng)將請求負(fù)載到了2臺tomcat上。
4.同理配置Backup[192.168.43.102] Nginx信息，啟動(dòng)Nginx后，訪問192.168.43.102后可以看到Backup節(jié)點(diǎn)已起到負(fù)載的效果。
4.配置Keepalived 腳本信息
1. 在Master節(jié)點(diǎn)和Slave節(jié)點(diǎn) /etc/keepalived目錄下添加check_nginx.sh 文件，用于檢測Nginx的存貨狀況，添加keepalived.conf文件
check_nginx.sh文件信息如下：
#!/bin/bash
#時(shí)間變量，用于記錄日志
d=`date --date today +%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S`
#計(jì)算nginx進(jìn)程數(shù)量
n=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
#如果進(jìn)程為0，則啟動(dòng)nginx，并且再次檢測nginx進(jìn)程數(shù)量，
#如果還為0，說明nginx無法啟動(dòng)，此時(shí)需要關(guān)閉keepalived
if [ $n -eq "0" ]; then
/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx start
n2=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`
if [ $n2 -eq "0" ]; then
echo "$d nginx down,keepalived will stop" >> /var/log/check_ng.log
systemctl stop keepalived
fi
fi
添加完成后，為check_nginx.sh 文件授權(quán)，便于腳本獲得執(zhí)行權(quán)限。
[root@localhost keepalived]# chmod -R 777 /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh
2.在Master 節(jié)點(diǎn) /etc/keepalived目錄下，添加keepalived.conf 文件，具體信息如下：
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh" //檢測nginx進(jìn)程的腳本
interval 2
weight -20
}
global_defs {
notification_email {
//可以添加郵件提醒
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #標(biāo)示狀態(tài)為MASTER 備份機(jī)為BACKUP
interface ens33 #設(shè)置實(shí)例綁定的網(wǎng)卡(ip addr查看，需要根據(jù)個(gè)人網(wǎng)卡綁定)
virtual_router_id 51 #同一實(shí)例下virtual_router_id必須相同
mcast_src_ip 192.168.43.101
priority 250 #MASTER權(quán)重要高于BACKUP 比如BACKUP為240
advert_int 1 #MASTER與BACKUP負(fù)載均衡器之間同步檢查的時(shí)間間隔，單位是秒
nopreempt #非搶占模式
authentication { #設(shè)置認(rèn)證
auth_type PASS #主從服務(wù)器驗(yàn)證方式
auth_pass 123456
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
virtual_ipaddress { #設(shè)置vip
192.168.43.150 #可以多個(gè)虛擬IP，換行即可
}
}
3.在Backup節(jié)點(diǎn) etc/keepalived目錄下添加 keepalived.conf 配置文件
信息如下：
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh" //檢測nginx進(jìn)程的腳本
interval 2
weight -20
}
global_defs {
notification_email {
//可以添加郵件提醒
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP #標(biāo)示狀態(tài)為MASTER 備份機(jī)為BACKUP
interface ens33 #設(shè)置實(shí)例綁定的網(wǎng)卡(ip addr查看)
virtual_router_id 51 #同一實(shí)例下virtual_router_id必須相同
mcast_src_ip 192.168.43.102
priority 240 #MASTER權(quán)重要高于BACKUP 比如BACKUP為240
advert_int 1 #MASTER與BACKUP負(fù)載均衡器之間同步檢查的時(shí)間間隔，單位是秒
nopreempt #非搶占模式
authentication { #設(shè)置認(rèn)證
auth_type PASS #主從服務(wù)器驗(yàn)證方式
auth_pass 123456
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
virtual_ipaddress { #設(shè)置vip
192.168.43.150 #可以多個(gè)虛擬IP，換行即可
}
}
Tips: 關(guān)于配置信息的幾點(diǎn)說明
- state - 主服務(wù)器需配成MASTER，從服務(wù)器需配成BACKUP
- interface - 這個(gè)是網(wǎng)卡名，我使用的是VM12.0的版本，所以這里網(wǎng)卡名為ens33
- mcast_src_ip - 配置各自的實(shí)際IP地址
- priority - 主服務(wù)器的優(yōu)先級必須比從服務(wù)器的高，這里主服務(wù)器配置成250，從服務(wù)器配置成240
- virtual_ipaddress - 配置虛擬IP（192.168.43.150）
- authentication - auth_pass主從服務(wù)器必須一致，keepalived靠這個(gè)來通信
- virtual_router_id - 主從服務(wù)器必須保持一致
5.集群高可用(HA)驗(yàn)證
Step1 啟動(dòng)Master機(jī)器的Keepalived和 Nginx服務(wù)
[root@localhost keepalived]# keepalived -D -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf [root@localhost keepalived]# service nginx start
查看服務(wù)啟動(dòng)進(jìn)程
[root@localhost keepalived]# ps -aux|grep nginx root 6390 0.0 0.0 20484 612 ? Ss 19:13 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nobody 6392 0.0 0.0 23008 1628 ? S 19:13 0:00 nginx: worker process root 6978 0.0 0.0 112672 968 pts/0 S+ 20:08 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
查看Keepalived啟動(dòng)進(jìn)程
[root@localhost keepalived]# ps -aux|grep keepalived root 6402 0.0 0.0 45920 1016 ? Ss 19:13 0:00 keepalived -D -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf root 6403 0.0 0.0 48044 1468 ? S 19:13 0:00 keepalived -D -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf root 6404 0.0 0.0 50128 1780 ? S 19:13 0:00 keepalived -D -f /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf root 7004 0.0 0.0 112672 976 pts/0 S+ 20:10 0:00 grep --color=auto keepalived
使用 ip add 查看虛擬IP綁定情況，如出現(xiàn)192.168.43.150 節(jié)點(diǎn)信息則綁定到Master節(jié)點(diǎn)
[root@localhost keepalived]# ip add 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:91:bf:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.43.101/24 brd 192.168.43.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.43.150/32 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::9abb:4544:f6db:8255/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::b0b3:d0ca:7382:2779/64 scope link tentative dadfailed valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::314f:5fe7:4e4b:64ed/64 scope link tentative dadfailed valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:2b:74:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:2b:74:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
Step 2 啟動(dòng)Backup節(jié)點(diǎn)Nginx服務(wù)和Keepalived服務(wù)，查看服務(wù)啟動(dòng)情況，如Backup節(jié)點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)了虛擬IP，則Keepalvied配置文件有問題，此情況稱為腦裂。
[root@localhost keepalived]# clear [root@localhost keepalived]# ip add 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:14:df:79 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.43.102/24 brd 192.168.43.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::314f:5fe7:4e4b:64ed/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:2b:74:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000 link/ether 52:54:00:2b:74:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
Step 3 驗(yàn)證服務(wù)
瀏覽并多次強(qiáng)制刷新地址： http://192.168.43.150 ,可以看到103和104多次交替顯示，并顯示Nginx-1,則表明 Master節(jié)點(diǎn)在進(jìn)行web服務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。
Step 4 關(guān)閉Master keepalived服務(wù)和Nginx服務(wù)，訪問Web服務(wù)觀察服務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移情況
[root@localhost keepalived]# killall keepalived [root@localhost keepalived]# service nginx stop
此時(shí)強(qiáng)制刷新192.168.43.150發(fā)現(xiàn) 頁面交替顯示103和104并顯示Nginx-2 ，VIP已轉(zhuǎn)移到192.168.43.102上，已證明服務(wù)自動(dòng)切換到備份節(jié)點(diǎn)上。
Step 5 啟動(dòng)Master Keepalived 服務(wù)和Nginx服務(wù)
此時(shí)再次驗(yàn)證發(fā)現(xiàn)，VIP已被Master重新奪回，并頁面交替顯示 103和104，此時(shí)顯示Nginx-1
四、Keepalived搶占模式和非搶占模式
keepalived的HA分為搶占模式和非搶占模式，搶占模式即MASTER從故障中恢復(fù)后，會將VIP從BACKUP節(jié)點(diǎn)中搶占過來。非搶占模式即MASTER恢復(fù)后不搶占BACKUP升級為MASTER后的VIP。
非搶占模式配置：
1> 在vrrp_instance塊下兩個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)各增加了nopreempt指令，表示不爭搶vip
2> 節(jié)點(diǎn)的state都為BACKUP 兩個(gè)keepalived節(jié)點(diǎn)都啟動(dòng)后，默認(rèn)都是BACKUP狀態(tài)，雙方在發(fā)送組播信息后，會根據(jù)優(yōu)先級來選舉一個(gè)MASTER出來。由于兩者都配置了nopreempt，所以MASTER從故障中恢復(fù)后，不會搶占vip。這樣會避免VIP切換可能造成的服務(wù)延遲。
以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容，希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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