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java實(shí)現(xiàn)微信公眾平臺(tái)發(fā)送模板消息的示例代碼

更新時(shí)間：2019年09月06日 09:04:21 作者：Jello

這篇文章主要介紹了java實(shí)現(xiàn)微信公眾平臺(tái)發(fā)送模板消息的示例代碼，文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧

最近開發(fā)公眾號(hào)項(xiàng)目，前端采用vue開發(fā)，后臺(tái)使用java開發(fā)，由于業(yè)務(wù)需求，需要實(shí)現(xiàn)公眾號(hào)向用戶發(fā)送重要的服務(wù)通知，提醒工作人員進(jìn)行業(yè)務(wù)審核。這時(shí)候就需要用到微信平臺(tái)的模板消息，為了保證用戶不受到騷擾，在開發(fā)者出現(xiàn)需要主動(dòng)提醒、通知用戶時(shí)，才允許開發(fā)者在公眾平臺(tái)網(wǎng)站中模板消息庫(kù)中選擇模板，選擇后獲得模板ID，再根據(jù)模板ID向用戶主動(dòng)推送提醒、通知消息。常用的服務(wù)場(chǎng)景，如信用卡刷卡通知，商品下單成功、購(gòu)買成功通知等。

獲取template_id（注意：僅微信開放平臺(tái)同事可獲?。?/p>

通過向微信公眾平臺(tái)申請(qǐng)模板，來獲取模板id，模板消息調(diào)用時(shí)主要需要模板ID和模板中各參數(shù)的賦值內(nèi)容。請(qǐng)注意：
1.模板中參數(shù)內(nèi)容必須以".DATA"結(jié)尾，否則視為保留字;
2.模板保留符號(hào)"{{ }}"

下圖是在微信測(cè)試公眾號(hào)申請(qǐng)模板

請(qǐng)求模板消息接口

1）微信網(wǎng)頁(yè)授權(quán)

 //前端發(fā)請(qǐng)請(qǐng)求
 this.axios.get('/wx/get_code_num').then((res) => {
  window.location.href = res.data;
 }).catch((error) => {
  console.log(error)
 });

 /**
  * 1.用戶同意授權(quán)，獲取code
  */
  @RequestMapping(value = "/get_code_num", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  public String getCode() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
    return "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=" + Constants.APPID + "&redirect_uri="
        + URLEncoder.encode("http://192.168.0.152:8085/wx/send_wx_msg", "UTF-8") + "&response_type=code&scope="
        + Constants.GRANTSCOPE + "&state=STATE#wechat_redirect";
  }

2）獲取用戶openid

/**
 * 2.通過code換取網(wǎng)頁(yè)授權(quán)access_token及openid
 */
@RequestMapping(value = "/send_wx_msg", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String sendWxMsg(String code) {
  String access_token_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token";
  String accessTokenObj = HttpClientUtil.sendGet(access_token_url, "appid=" + Constants.APPID + "&secret="
      + Constants.APPSECRET + "&code=" + code + "&grant_type=authorization_code");
  JSONObject jsonToken = JSONObject.fromObject(accessTokenObj);

  String openId = null;
  if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(String.valueOf(jsonToken))) {
    openId = jsonToken.getString("openid");
  }
  logger.info("獲取openid，微信平臺(tái)接口返回{}", openId);
  return openId;
}

3）組裝、發(fā)送模板消息

import java.util.TreeMap;

public class WechatTemplate {

  private String touser;//用戶openid

  private String template_id;//模板ID

  private String url;//URL置空，則在發(fā)送后，點(diǎn)擊模板消息會(huì)進(jìn)入一個(gè)空白頁(yè)面（ios），或無(wú)法點(diǎn)擊（android）

  private TreeMap<String, TreeMap<String, String>> data; //data數(shù)據(jù)

  public static TreeMap<String, String> item(String value, String color) {
    TreeMap<String, String> params = new TreeMap<String, String>();
    params.put("value", value);
    params.put("color", color);
    return params;
  }

  public TreeMap<String, TreeMap<String, String>> getData() {
    return data;
  }

  public void setData(TreeMap<String, TreeMap<String, String>> data) {
    this.data = data;
  }

  public String getTouser() {
    return touser;
  }

  public void setTouser(String touser) {
    this.touser = touser;
  }

  public String getTemplate_id() {
    return template_id;
  }

  public void setTemplate_id(String template_id) {
    this.template_id = template_id;
  }

  public String getUrl() {
    return url;
  }

  public void setUrl(String url) {
    this.url = url;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "WechatTemplate{" +
        "touser='" + touser + '\'' +
        ", template_id='" + template_id + '\'' +
        ", url='" + url + '\'' +
        ", data=" + data +
        '}';
  }
}

//微信模板接口
private final String SEND_TEMPLATE_MESSAGE_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send";
//模板消息詳情跳轉(zhuǎn)URL
private static String url = "https://www.baidu.com/";

@RequestMapping(value = "/send_wx_msg", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String sendWxMsg(String code) {
  String access_token_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token";
  String accessTokenObj = HttpClientUtil.sendGet(access_token_url, "appid=" + Constants.APPID + "&secret="
      + Constants.APPSECRET + "&code=" + code + "&grant_type=authorization_code");
  JSONObject jsonToken = JSONObject.fromObject(accessTokenObj);

  String openId = null;
  if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(String.valueOf(jsonToken))) {
    openId = jsonToken.getString("openid");
  }
  logger.info("獲取openid，微信平臺(tái)接口返回{}", openId);

  String urlToken = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token";
  String tokenObj = HttpClientUtil.sendGet(urlToken, "grant_type=client_credential" + "&secret=" + Constants.APPSECRET + "&appid=" + Constants.APPID);
  JSONObject retToken = JSONObject.fromObject(tokenObj);
  String accessToken = String.valueOf(retToken.get("access_token"));
  logger.info("獲取access_token，微信平臺(tái)接口返回{}", accessToken);

  TreeMap<String, TreeMap<String, String>> params = new TreeMap<String, TreeMap<String, String>>();
  //根據(jù)具體模板參數(shù)組裝
  params.put("first", WechatTemplate.item("您的戶外旅行活動(dòng)訂單已經(jīng)支付完成，可在我的個(gè)人中心中查看", "#000000"));
  params.put("keyword1", WechatTemplate.item("發(fā)現(xiàn)尼泊爾—人文與自然的旅行圣地", "#000000"));
  params.put("keyword2", WechatTemplate.item("5000元", "#000000"));
  params.put("keyword3", WechatTemplate.item("2019.09.04", "#000000"));
  params.put("keyword4", WechatTemplate.item("5", "#000000"));
  params.put("remark", WechatTemplate.item("請(qǐng)屆時(shí)攜帶好身份證件準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)集合地點(diǎn)，若臨時(shí)退改將產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)損失，敬請(qǐng)諒解,謝謝！", "#000000"));
  WechatTemplate wechatTemplate = new WechatTemplate();
  wechatTemplate.setTemplate_id(Constants.TEMPLATEID);
  wechatTemplate.setTouser(openId);
  wechatTemplate.setUrl(url);
  wechatTemplate.setData(params);
  JSONObject json = JSONObject.fromObject(wechatTemplate);//將java對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為json對(duì)象
  String sendData = json.toString();//將json對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為字符串
  logger.info("板參數(shù)組裝{}", sendData);

  TreeMap<String, String> treeMap = new TreeMap<String, String>();
  treeMap.put("access_token", accessToken);
  String retInfo = HttpUtil.doPost(SEND_TEMPLATE_MESSAGE_URL, treeMap, sendData);
  logger.info("消息模板返回{}", retInfo);
  return retInfo;
}

請(qǐng)求的數(shù)據(jù)格式

{
  "data": {
    "first": {
      "color": "#000000",
      "value": "您的戶外旅行活動(dòng)訂單已經(jīng)支付完成，可在我的個(gè)人中心中查看"
    },
    "keyword1": {
      "color": "#000000",
      "value": "發(fā)現(xiàn)尼泊爾—人文與自然的旅行圣地"
    },
    "keyword2": {
      "color": "#000000",
      "value": "5000元"
    },
    "keyword3": {
      "color": "#000000",
      "value": "2019.09.04"
    },
    "keyword4": {
      "color": "#000000",
      "value": "5"
    },
    "remark": {
      "color": "#000000",
      "value": "請(qǐng)屆時(shí)攜帶好身份證件準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)集合地點(diǎn)，若臨時(shí)退改將產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)損失，敬請(qǐng)諒解,謝謝！"
    }
  },
  "template_id": "ZUMTnYtG0O4vZSv4bPTtWTOFZ2zirOjaM50GYywRRnA",
  "touser": "olv_asx8nmggCQEmAFNbQstx3xd0",
  "url": "https://www.baidu.com/"
}

微信平臺(tái)返回的結(jié)果：

微信公眾號(hào)通知消息

工具類：

 
import org.apache.commons.collections.MapUtils;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import javax.net.ssl.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Map;

public class HttpUtil {
  private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpUtil.class);
  protected static final String POST_METHOD = "POST";
  private static final String GET_METHOD = "GET";

  static {
    TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[]{new X509TrustManager() {
      @Override
      public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {
        logger.debug("ClientTrusted");
      }

      @Override
      public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) throws CertificateException {
        logger.debug("ServerTrusted");
      }

      @Override
      public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
        return new X509Certificate[]{};
      }
    }};

    HostnameVerifier doNotVerify = (s, sslSession) -> true;

    try {
      SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
      sc.init(null, trustAllCerts, new SecureRandom());
      HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(sc.getSocketFactory());
      HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(doNotVerify);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      logger.error("Initialization https impl occur exception : {}", e);
    }
  }


  /**
   * 默認(rèn)的http請(qǐng)求執(zhí)行方法
   *
   * @param url  url 路徑
   * @param method 請(qǐng)求的方法 POST/GET
   * @param map  請(qǐng)求參數(shù)集合
   * @param data  輸入的數(shù)據(jù) 允許為空
   * @return result
   */
  private static String HttpDefaultExecute(String url, String method, Map<String, String> map, String data) {
    String result = "";
    try {
      url = setParmas(url, map, null);
      result = defaultConnection(url, method, data);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      logger.error("出錯(cuò)參數(shù) {}", map);
    }
    return result;
  }

  public static String httpGet(String url, Map<String, String> map) {
    return HttpDefaultExecute(url, GET_METHOD, map, null);
  }

  public static String httpPost(String url, Map<String, String> map, String data) {
    return HttpDefaultExecute(url, POST_METHOD, map, data);
  }

  /**
   * 默認(rèn)的https執(zhí)行方法,返回
   *
   * @param url  url 路徑
   * @param method 請(qǐng)求的方法 POST/GET
   * @param map  請(qǐng)求參數(shù)集合
   * @param data  輸入的數(shù)據(jù) 允許為空
   * @return result
   */
  private static String HttpsDefaultExecute(String url, String method, Map<String, String> map, String data) {
    try {
      url = setParmas(url, map, null);
      logger.info(data);
      return defaultConnection(url, method, data);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      logger.error("出錯(cuò)參數(shù) {}", map);
    }
    return "";
  }

  public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> map) {
    return HttpsDefaultExecute(url, GET_METHOD, map, null);
  }

  public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> map, String data) {
    return HttpsDefaultExecute(url, POST_METHOD, map, data);
  }

  /**
   * @param path  請(qǐng)求路徑
   * @param method 方法
   * @param data  輸入的數(shù)據(jù) 允許為空
   * @return
   * @throws Exception
   */
  private static String defaultConnection(String path, String method, String data) throws Exception {
    if (StringUtils.isBlank(path)) {
      throw new IOException("url can not be null");
    }
    String result = null;
    URL url = new URL(path);
    HttpURLConnection conn = getConnection(url, method);
    if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(data)) {
      OutputStream output = conn.getOutputStream();
      output.write(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
      output.flush();
      output.close();
    }
    if (conn.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
      InputStream input = conn.getInputStream();
      result = IOUtils.toString(input, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
      input.close();
      conn.disconnect();
    }
//    log.info(result);
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * 根據(jù)url的協(xié)議選擇對(duì)應(yīng)的請(qǐng)求方式
   *
   * @param url  請(qǐng)求路徑
   * @param method 方法
   * @return conn
   * @throws IOException 異常
   */
  //待改進(jìn)
  protected static HttpURLConnection getConnection(URL url, String method) throws IOException {
    HttpURLConnection conn;
    if (StringUtils.equals("https", url.getProtocol())) {
      conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    } else {
      conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    }
    if (conn == null) {
      throw new IOException("connection can not be null");
    }
    conn.setRequestProperty("Pragma", "no-cache");// 設(shè)置不適用緩存
    conn.setRequestProperty("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
    conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Close");// 不支持Keep-Alive
    conn.setUseCaches(false);
    conn.setDoOutput(true);
    conn.setDoInput(true);
    conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
    conn.setRequestMethod(method);
    conn.setConnectTimeout(8000);
    conn.setReadTimeout(8000);

    return conn;
  }


  /**
   * 根據(jù)url
   *
   * @param url 請(qǐng)求路徑
   * @return isFile
   * @throws IOException 異常
   */
  //待改進(jìn)
  protected static HttpURLConnection getConnection(URL url, boolean isFile) throws IOException {
    HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    if (conn == null) {
      throw new IOException("connection can not be null");
    }
    //設(shè)置從httpUrlConnection讀入
    conn.setDoInput(true);
    conn.setDoOutput(true);
    conn.setUseCaches(false);
    //如果是上傳文件，則設(shè)為POST
    if (isFile) {
      conn.setRequestMethod(POST_METHOD); //GET和 POST都可以 文件略大改成POST
    }
    // 設(shè)置請(qǐng)求頭信息
    conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
    conn.setRequestProperty("Charset", String.valueOf(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
    conn.setConnectTimeout(8000);
    conn.setReadTimeout(8000);
    return conn;
  }


  /**
   * 拼接參數(shù)
   *
   * @param url   需要拼接參數(shù)的url
   * @param map   參數(shù)
   * @param charset 編碼格式
   * @return 拼接完成后的url
   */
  public static String setParmas(String url, Map<String, String> map, String charset) throws Exception {
    String result = StringUtils.EMPTY;
    boolean hasParams = false;
    if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(url) && MapUtils.isNotEmpty(map)) {
      StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
      for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
        String key = entry.getKey().trim();
        String value = entry.getValue().trim();
        if (hasParams) {
          builder.append("&");
        } else {
          hasParams = true;
        }
        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(charset)) {
          builder.append(key).append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode(value, charset));
        } else {
          builder.append(key).append("=").append(value);
        }
      }
      result = builder.toString();
    }

    URL u = new URL(url);
    if (StringUtils.isEmpty(u.getQuery())) {
      if (url.endsWith("?")) {
        url += result;
      } else {
        url = url + "?" + result;
      }
    } else {
      if (url.endsWith("&")) {
        url += result;
      } else {
        url = url + "&" + result;
      }
    }
    logger.debug("request url is {}", url);
    return url;
  }
}

遇到的問題

1）"errcode":40001,"errmsg":"invalid credential, access_token is invalid or not latest hint: [Ua2IXa0080sz47!]"
獲取的access_token不對(duì)，這邊的token不是授權(quán)的token，是公眾號(hào)調(diào)用各接口時(shí)使用的access_token

以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容，希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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