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p5.js實(shí)現(xiàn)故宮橘貓賞秋圖動(dòng)畫(huà)

更新時(shí)間：2019年10月23日 15:14:16 作者：baricy

這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了p5.js實(shí)現(xiàn)故宮橘貓賞秋圖動(dòng)畫(huà)，文中示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，具有一定的參考價(jià)值，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下

用p5.js實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)小動(dòng)畫(huà)——故宮橘貓賞秋圖

互動(dòng)媒體第二次作業(yè)要求我們手繪一幅動(dòng)畫(huà)，再用代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)出動(dòng)畫(huà)。由于時(shí)間原因，手繪并沒(méi)有畫(huà)動(dòng)畫(huà)，而是以插畫(huà)的形式畫(huà)了一張，然后p5實(shí)現(xiàn)了動(dòng)畫(huà)。

這里先放效果圖：

板繪插圖

碼繪效果圖

這里強(qiáng)烈建議直接運(yùn)行代碼?。?！gif丟幀?。?！可憐我的漸變啊啊啊?。。?！

下面附上完整代碼：

var Width=600;
var Height=700;
var pixel=1;

var Y_AXIS = 1;
var X_AXIS = 2;

var skyHeight=190;
var wall_Width=600;
var wall_Height=300;
var wuyan_width=120;
var wuyan_height=20;
var quad_width=70;
var quad_height=30;
var center_x=500;
var center_y=115;
var cat_scale=111;

var easing=1; 

var Time;

//face_color=color(180,180,150,0.5*255);
function setup() {
 createCanvas(Width,Height); 
 }

 function draw() { 
 
 frameRate(5);
 drawwall(); 
 drawsky();
 push();
 translate(10,-5);
 YinxingTree();
 pop();

 draw_wallshadow();

 if(center_x<-10)
  center_x=650;
 center_x-=15*easing;
 drawcat(cat_scale,center_x,center_y);

 translate(10,-25);
 noStroke();
 fill(30);
 rect(Width-10,0,200,Height);

 push();
 YinxingTree();
 pop();

 }

 function drawcat(cat_scale,center_x,center_y)
 {
 stroke(200,200,240);
 noStroke();
 //肚子
 pos1_x=center_x-(cat_scale)/3;
 pos1_y=center_y+(cat_scale)*2/5-5;

 pos2_x=center_x+(cat_scale*1/3);
 pos2_y=center_y+(cat_scale)*2/5;
 
 //前體
 pos3_x=pos1_x-(cat_scale/5);
 pos3_y=center_y+(cat_scale)*2/5;

 pos4_x=pos1_x-(cat_scale/8);
 pos4_y=center_y+(cat_scale)/15;

 pos5_x=pos4_x-(cat_scale/8);
 pos5_y=pos4_y-(cat_scale)/20;

 //頭
 pos6_x=pos5_x-(cat_scale/4);
 pos6_y=pos5_y-(cat_scale)/6;

 pos7_x=pos5_x-(cat_scale/6);
 pos7_y=pos5_y-(cat_scale)/30;

 pos8_x=pos5_x-(cat_scale)*3/8;
 pos8_y=pos5_y+(cat_scale)/8;

 pos9_x=pos8_x+(cat_scale)/5;
 pos9_y=pos8_y+(cat_scale)/5;
 
 //屁股
 pos10_x=pos2_x-(cat_scale/4)*0;
 pos10_y=pos2_y-(cat_scale)*1/3;

 pos11_x=pos10_x+(cat_scale*1/8);
 pos11_y=pos10_y+(cat_scale)/10;


 fill(220,200,180);

 triangle(center_x,center_y,pos1_x,pos1_y,pos2_x,pos2_y);
 triangle(center_x,center_y,pos1_x,pos1_y,pos3_x,pos3_y);
 fill(150,70,10);
 triangle(center_x,center_y,pos3_x,pos3_y,pos4_x,pos4_y);
 triangle(pos3_x,pos3_y,pos4_x,pos4_y,pos5_x,pos5_y);
 triangle(pos3_x,pos3_y,pos5_x,pos5_y,pos6_x,pos6_y);
 
 fill(150,70,10);
 triangle(pos3_x,pos3_y,pos7_x,pos7_y,pos8_x,pos8_y);
 fill(180,100,10);
 triangle(pos8_x,pos8_y,pos9_x,pos9_y,pos5_x,pos5_y);

 fill(150,70,10);
 triangle(center_x,center_y,pos2_x,pos2_y,pos10_x,pos10_y);
 triangle(pos2_x,pos2_y,pos10_x,pos10_y,pos11_x,pos11_y);

 fill(180);
 feetControl(pos1_x-6,pos1_y);
 feetControl(pos2_x-4,pos2_y);

 noFill();
 weiba(pos11_x,pos11_y);
 }

 function weiba(x,y)
 {
 push();
 strokeWeight(10);
 stroke(150,70,10);
 x1=x-20;
 y1=y;

 x2=x+20;
 y2=y-20;

 x3=x+25;
 y3=y+5;

 x4=x+55;
 y4=y-20;

 bezier(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4);
 noStroke();
 pop();
 }

 function feetControl(x,y)
 {

 if(x%2==0)
 {
  rect(x-(cat_scale)/10,y-8,(cat_scale)/10,(cat_scale)*1/3+8); 
 }
 else
 {
  quad(x,y-10,
  x-(cat_scale)/10,y-10,
  x-(cat_scale)/10+(cat_scale/10),y+(cat_scale)*1/3,
  x+(cat_scale/10),y+(cat_scale)*1/3);

  quad(x,y-15,
  x-(cat_scale)/10,y-15,
  x-(cat_scale)/10-(cat_scale/5),y+(cat_scale)*1/3,
  x-(cat_scale/5),y+(cat_scale)*1/3);
 }
 }

 function segment(trans_x, trans_y, a,segLength) {
 push();
 translate(trans_x, trans_y);
 rotate(a);
 rect();
 pop();
 }

 function draw_wallshadow()
 {
 noStroke();
 var c1=color(160,10,0);
 var c2=color(80,10,80);
 setGradient(0,600,Width,150,c1,c2,1);

 noStroke();
 fill(160,10,0);
 for(var i=0;i<Width;i++)
 {
  arc(i,600,50,15,PI,0);
  i=i+80;
 }
 }

 function drawwall()
 {
 noStroke();
 fill(100,10,0);
 rect(0, 0, Width, Height);

 fill(190,70,20);
 rect(0, Height-wall_Height, wall_Width, wall_Height);
 
 drawWuYan1(); 
 drawWuYan2(); 
 drawWuYan3();
 drawWuYan4();
 }

 function drawWuYan1()
 {
 stroke(20);
 fill(190,100,10);
 for(var i=0;i<Width;i++)
 {
  rect(i-5,wall_Height+70,wuyan_width,wuyan_height);
  i=i+wuyan_width;
 } 
 }

 function drawWuYan2()
 {
 var cwu2_1=color(50,120,30);
 var cwu2_2=color(60,10,0);

 for(var j=0;j<Width+80;j++)
 {
  setGradient(j-65,wall_Height+35,
  wuyan_width,wuyan_height+10,
  cwu2_1,cwu2_2,1);
  stroke(180,130,20);
  rect(j-65,wall_Height+36,
   wuyan_width,wuyan_height+10);
  j=j+wuyan_width;
 } 

 var cwu3_1=color(10,20,10);
 var cwu3_2=color(80,100,20);
 fill(50,120,30);
 setGradient(0,wall_Height-15,
  Width,50,cwu3_1,cwu3_2,1);
 }

 function drawWuYan3()
 {
 noStroke();
 fill(190,150,90);
 for(var k=0;k<Width;k++)
 {
  rect(k,skyHeight,wuyan_width,10);
  k=k+wuyan_width;
 }

 fill(190,100,10);
 rect(0,skyHeight+15,Width,12);
 fill(190,110,30);
 rect(0,skyHeight+35,Width,35);
 }

 function drawPIdwon(x_trans)
 {
 stroke(90,50,50);
 push();
 translate(x_trans, skyHeight+100);
 rotate(0.0);
 fill(140,100,50);
 arc(0, 0, quad_width, quad_width-15, 0, PI);
 pop();
 }

 function drawPIdwon_shadow(x_trans,shadow)
 {
 noStroke();
 push();
 translate(x_trans, skyHeight+100);
 rotate(0.0);
 fill(10,20,10);
 arc(0, 0, quad_width+shadow, quad_width+shadow, 0, PI);
 pop();
 }

 function drawquad(i,j,x_trans)
 {
 var c1=color(90,50,50);
 var c2=color(180,90,50);
 setGradient(x_trans-(quad_width/2)+i, 
 skyHeight+93-j,
 quad_width,5,c1,c2,2);
 }


function drawCicle(x_trans,angle,c1,c2,c3,i)
{
 push();
 noStroke();
 fill(c1,c2,c3);
 translate(x_trans-i+7,skyHeight+70+i*3);
 rotate(angle);
 arc(0,0,50,50, 0, PI/2);
 pop();
}

function drawCicle_all(x_trans)
{
 for(var i=0;i<8;i++)
 {
 drawCicle(x_trans+quad_width-8,24.5,100,10,10,i);
 drawCicle(x_trans+quad_width-8,-2.2,130,110,90,i);
 drawCicle(x_trans+quad_width-8,1,70,20,10,i);
 drawCicle(x_trans+quad_width-8,-3.5,200,160,80,i);
 }
 stroke(50,10,10);
 fill(140,100,50);
 ellipse(x_trans+60,skyHeight+95,50,50);
 fill(80,60,20);
 ellipse(x_trans+60,skyHeight+95,35,35);
}

function drawWuYan4()
{
 for(var x_trans=50;x_trans<Width;x_trans++)
 {
  drawPIdwon_shadow(x_trans+10,10);
  drawPIdwon(x_trans);
  for(var i=0;i<5;i++)
  {
  yp=i*5;
  drawquad(i,yp,x_trans);
  }
  drawCicle_all(x_trans);
  x_trans=x_trans+120;
 }

 
 
}

function YinxingTree()
{
 push();
 drawtree(220,180,0,-20,20,random(0.6));
 drawtree(120,60,0,-100,100,random(0.01));
 drawtree(120,60,0,-50,160,random(0.01));
 drawtree(180,160,0,40,160,random(0.05));
 drawtree(200,100,0,-20,100,random(1));
 drawtree(200,160,0,0,120,random(0.5));
 drawtree(220,160,0,55,160,random(0.1));
 drawtree(240,200,0,50,100,random(0.3));
 drawtree(240,200,0,50,180,random(0.3));
 drawtree(240,200,0,80,190,random(1));
 drawtree(220,180,0,-50,80,random(0.1));
 translate(150,90);
 drawtree(220,180,0,-50,150,random(0.5));
 translate(-100,-150);
 drawtree(240,200,120,-100,100,random(0.01));
 pop();
}

function drawtree(c1,c2,c3,pos_x,pos_y,pos_angle)
{
 push();
 rotate(pos_angle);
 var trans_x;
 var trans_y;
 var trans_angle;

 fill(c1,c2,c3);
 for(var i=0;i<20;i++)
 {
 trans_x=random(50);
 trans_y=random(20);
 trans_angle=random(-0.5);
 push();
 translate(trans_x,trans_y);
 rotate(trans_angle);
 drawYinXing(pos_x,pos_y);
 pop();
 }
 pop();
 
}

 function drawYinXing(pos_x,pos_y)
 {
 stroke(200,150,60);
 push();
 translate(pos_x, pos_y);
 rotate(0.0);
 arc(0, 0, 30, 30, 0, PI/2);
 pop();
 }

 function drawsky()
 {
 var c1 = color(90,150,205);
 var c2 = color(190,200,220);
 noStroke();
 setGradient(0, 0, Width, skyHeight,c1,c2,1);
 }

 function setGradient(x, y, w, h, c1, c2,axis) 
 {
 noFill();
 if (axis == Y_AXIS) { // Top to bottom gradient
  for (var i = y; i <= y+h; i++) {
  var inter = map(i, y, y+h, 0, 1);
  var c = lerpColor(c1, c2, inter);
  stroke(c);
  line(x, i, x+w, i);
  }
 } 
 else if (axis == X_AXIS) { // Left to right gradient
  for (var k = x; k <= x+w; k++) {
  var interk = map(k, x, x+w, 0, 1);
  var ck = lerpColor(c1, c2, interk);
  stroke(ck);
  line(k, y, k, y+h);
  }
 }
 }

代碼結(jié)構(gòu)解析

1.背景：

其實(shí)畫(huà)背景還挺簡(jiǎn)單的，基本物體就是紅墻，屋檐，銀杏樹(shù)，天空。
天空是漸變的，用了一個(gè)函數(shù)，p5官網(wǎng)里面也有：

function drawsky()
 {
 var c1 = color(90,150,205);
 var c2 = color(190,200,220);
 noStroke();
 setGradient(0, 0, Width, skyHeight,c1,c2,1);
 }

 function setGradient(x, y, w, h, c1, c2,axis) 
 {
 noFill();
 if (axis == Y_AXIS) { // Top to bottom gradient
  for (var i = y; i <= y+h; i++) {
  var inter = map(i, y, y+h, 0, 1);
  var c = lerpColor(c1, c2, inter);
  stroke(c);
  line(x, i, x+w, i);
  }
 } 
 else if (axis == X_AXIS) { // Left to right gradient
  for (var k = x; k <= x+w; k++) {
  var interk = map(k, x, x+w, 0, 1);
  var ck = lerpColor(c1, c2, interk);
  stroke(ck);
  line(k, y, k, y+h);
  }
 }
 }

紅墻就不細(xì)說(shuō)了，直接看屋檐，屋檐還稍微有點(diǎn)東西。觀察故宮屋檐結(jié)構(gòu)之后發(fā)現(xiàn)，故宮這樣的建筑簡(jiǎn)直太有規(guī)律可循了！你只要生成一個(gè)基本元，接下來(lái)的就只用循環(huán)生成就可以。我們主要來(lái)看看圓木那一塊怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)。
圓木那里其實(shí)還挺麻煩，主要是有光的影響，圓木被分為三個(gè)面：受光面，反光面，陰影面，直接用一個(gè)圓肯定解決不了，我想了一個(gè)辦法，用三個(gè)扇形就可以區(qū)分三個(gè)面。

具體代碼：

function drawCicle(x_trans,angle,c1,c2,c3,i)
{
 push();
 noStroke();
 fill(c1,c2,c3);
 translate(x_trans-i+7,skyHeight+70+i*3);
 rotate(angle);
 arc(0,0,50,50, 0, PI/2);
 pop();
}

function drawCicle_all(x_trans)
{
 for(var i=0;i<8;i++)
 {
 drawCicle(x_trans+quad_width-8,24.5,100,10,10,i);
 drawCicle(x_trans+quad_width-8,-2.2,130,110,90,i);
 drawCicle(x_trans+quad_width-8,1,70,20,10,i);
 drawCicle(x_trans+quad_width-8,-3.5,200,160,80,i);
 }
 stroke(50,10,10);
 fill(140,100,50);
 ellipse(x_trans+60,skyHeight+95,50,50);
 fill(80,60,20);
 ellipse(x_trans+60,skyHeight+95,35,35);
}

還有瓦片上的陰影，也用了漸變過(guò)渡，這里就不貼代碼了。

銀杏樹(shù)

一開(kāi)始對(duì)銀杏樹(shù)沒(méi)什么頭緒，觀察了好幾棵學(xué)校里的銀杏，在大風(fēng)刮過(guò)之時(shí)，金黃樹(shù)葉在風(fēng)中顫抖搖晃，我突然有了靈感——色塊堆積。我可以不用準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)確確的畫(huà)出這棵樹(shù)長(zhǎng)啥樣，我只需要保證它在運(yùn)動(dòng)中是符合這棵樹(shù)的邏輯的，那么這棵樹(shù)就是成功的。

下面貼上代碼：

function YinxingTree()
{
 push();
 drawtree(220,180,0,-20,20,random(0.6));
 drawtree(120,60,0,-100,100,random(0.01));
 drawtree(120,60,0,-50,160,random(0.01));
 drawtree(180,160,0,40,160,random(0.05));
 drawtree(200,100,0,-20,100,random(1));
 drawtree(200,160,0,0,120,random(0.5));
 drawtree(220,160,0,55,160,random(0.1));
 drawtree(240,200,0,50,100,random(0.3));
 drawtree(240,200,0,50,180,random(0.3));
 drawtree(240,200,0,80,190,random(1));
 drawtree(220,180,0,-50,80,random(0.1));
 translate(150,90);
 drawtree(220,180,0,-50,150,random(0.5));
 translate(-100,-150);
 drawtree(240,200,120,-100,100,random(0.01));
 pop();
}

function drawtree(c1,c2,c3,pos_x,pos_y,pos_angle)
{
 push();
 rotate(pos_angle);
 var trans_x;
 var trans_y;
 var trans_angle;

 fill(c1,c2,c3);
 for(var i=0;i<20;i++)
 {
 trans_x=random(50);
 trans_y=random(20);
 trans_angle=random(-0.5);
 push();
 translate(trans_x,trans_y);
 rotate(trans_angle);
 drawYinXing(pos_x,pos_y);
 pop();
 }
 pop();
 
}

 function drawYinXing(pos_x,pos_y)
 {
 stroke(200,150,60);
 push();
 translate(pos_x, pos_y);
 rotate(0.0);
 arc(0, 0, 30, 30, 0, PI/2);
 pop();
 }

大量使用radom可以讓這棵樹(shù)更自然。

2.動(dòng)畫(huà)主角——貓

這里我先對(duì)貓進(jìn)行了一些處理——低多邊形處理。
吸取了第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的教訓(xùn)，這次我先設(shè)置了一個(gè)中心點(diǎn)，然后在根據(jù)這個(gè)點(diǎn)擴(kuò)充出有關(guān)貓的肢干總共12個(gè)點(diǎn)，然后畫(huà)三角形，形成一個(gè)沒(méi)有四肢，沒(méi)有尾巴的橘貓。

尾巴用了貝塞爾曲線，坐標(biāo)也跟中心點(diǎn)關(guān)聯(lián)。

貓的四肢是運(yùn)動(dòng)視覺(jué)的關(guān)鍵?。?！動(dòng)畫(huà)之所以能動(dòng)是因?yàn)橛谐猩蠁⑾碌倪B續(xù)性動(dòng)作。貓行走從側(cè)面看過(guò)去就是兩腿相互交叉變換。所以在寫(xiě)動(dòng)畫(huà)邏輯之前你需要先畫(huà)出關(guān)鍵幀狀態(tài)。
關(guān)鍵幀狀態(tài)確定了就可開(kāi)始著手動(dòng)畫(huà)邏輯：首先視覺(jué)上我們先要營(yíng)造出貓?jiān)谠靥げ降母杏X(jué)。我們有兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵幀狀態(tài)，所以可以運(yùn)用模運(yùn)算，在運(yùn)動(dòng)的中心坐標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)上模2，結(jié)果對(duì)應(yīng)兩個(gè)狀態(tài)。

附上代碼：

function feetControl(x,y)
 {

 if(x%2==0)
 {
  rect(x-(cat_scale)/10,y-8,(cat_scale)/10,(cat_scale)*1/3+8); 
 }
 else
 {
  quad(x,y-10,
  x-(cat_scale)/10,y-10,
  x-(cat_scale)/10+(cat_scale/10),y+(cat_scale)*1/3,
  x+(cat_scale/10),y+(cat_scale)*1/3);

  quad(x,y-15,
  x-(cat_scale)/10,y-15,
  x-(cat_scale)/10-(cat_scale/5),y+(cat_scale)*1/3,
  x-(cat_scale/5),y+(cat_scale)*1/3);
 }
 }

至此，動(dòng)畫(huà)完成。

手繪與碼繪的對(duì)比

在動(dòng)畫(huà)這個(gè)應(yīng)用上，其實(shí)兩者各有千秋。手繪能做到畫(huà)面更加精致有更多細(xì)節(jié)，更能體現(xiàn)質(zhì)感，但同時(shí)，它又太過(guò)費(fèi)時(shí)。而碼繪在運(yùn)動(dòng)這一方面有著得天獨(dú)厚的優(yōu)勢(shì)，它能更平滑的完成動(dòng)畫(huà)操作。

發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題

碼繪在建立場(chǎng)景的過(guò)程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于環(huán)境色這一概念，幾乎還是一個(gè)空白領(lǐng)域。

以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容，希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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