AngularJS動態(tài)生成select下拉框的方法實例
一、select相關(guān)知識
<select> <option value="0">HTML</option> <option value="1">Java</option> <option value="2">Python</option> </select>
其中,value 是存儲到數(shù)據(jù)庫的值,在此處為0,1,2這些數(shù)值,label 為顯示在頁面的值,在此處為Html、Java這些字符。
二、ng-options
1.數(shù)組作為數(shù)據(jù)源
- label for value in array
- select as label for value in array
- label group by group for value in array
代碼1(數(shù)組中為字符串)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/angular.js/1.4.6/angular.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl"> <!-- 這里的label和value需一致,否則會報錯 表達式語法:label for value in array --> <select ng-model="name" ng-options="name for name in names"></select> </div> <script> var app = angular.module('myApp', []); app.controller('myCtrl', function($scope) { $scope.names = ['baidu', 'Google', 'apple']; }); </script> </body> </html>
最終得到的結(jié)果為:
<select ng-model="name" ng-options="name for name in names" class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"> <option value="?" selected="selected"></option> <option value="string:baidu" label="baidu">baidu</option> <option value="string:Google" label="Google">Google</option> <option value="string:apple" label="apple">apple</option> </select>
需要注意的是,在最后生成的html代碼中option的value 值為String:baidu ,會在數(shù)組中原有的字符串之前加上其類型的標(biāo)識,這個通過百度了解到是因為angularjs版本問題造成,具體未測試。
代碼2(數(shù)組中為一個對象)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/angular.js/1.4.6/angular.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl"> <!-- 表達式語法:label for value in array --> <select ng-model="name" ng-options="c.id for c in coms"></select> </div> <script> var app = angular.module('myApp', []); app.controller('myCtrl', function($scope) { $scope.coms = [ {'id':'baidu','name':'百度'}, {'id':'Google', 'name':'谷歌'}, {'id':'apple', 'name':'蘋果'}]; }); </script> </body> </html>
最終得到的html代碼為:
<!-- 注意:此處ng-model綁定的name變量并非選中項的name屬性,而是選中項的全部屬性 如選中了索引為0項,則name={"id":"baidu","name":"百度"} 這邊ng-model綁定變量為值為select的value值 --> <select ng-model="name" ng-options="c.id for c in coms" class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"> <option value="?" selected="selected"></option> <option value="object:3" label="baidu">baidu</option> <option value="object:4" label="Google">Google</option> <option value="object:5" label="apple">apple</option> </select>
通過生成的html代碼,我們可以看到這樣寫會使得最終的option 的value 值顯示為數(shù)據(jù)類型,而實際想要得到的結(jié)果是顯示我們選中的值,因此需要寫為:
<!-- 表達式語法:select as label for value in array c.id作為select的value,c.name作為select的label --> ng-options="c.id as c.name for c in coms"
其中,c.id 對應(yīng)value ,c.name 對應(yīng)label 。生成html代碼為:
<select ng-model="name" ng-options="c.id as c.name for c in coms" class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"> <option value="?" selected="selected"></option> <option value="string:baidu" label="百度">百度</option> <option value="string:Google" label="谷歌">谷歌</option> <option value="string:apple" label="蘋果">蘋果</option> </select>
代碼3(根據(jù)對象屬性分類)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/angular.js/1.4.6/angular.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl"> <!-- 表達式語法:label group by group for value in array --> <select ng-options="c.name group by c.type for c in coms" ng-model="name" ></select> </div> <script> var app = angular.module('myApp', []); app.controller('myCtrl', function($scope) { $scope.coms = [{'id':'baidu','name':'百度','type':'搜索'}, {'id':'Google', 'name':'谷歌','type':'搜索'}, {'id':'apple', 'name':'蘋果','type':'手機'}, {'id':'TaoBao', 'name':'淘寶','type':'購物'} ]; }); </script> </body> </html>
得到的html代碼為:
<select ng-options="c.name group by c.type for c in coms" ng-model="name" class="ng-pristine ng-valid ng-touched"> <optgroup label="搜索"> <option value="object:3" label="百度" selected="selected">百度</option> <option value="object:4" label="谷歌">谷歌</option></optgroup> <optgroup label="手機"> <option value="object:5" label="蘋果">蘋果</option> </optgroup> <optgroup label="購物"> <option value="object:6" label="淘寶">淘寶</option> </optgroup> </select>
注意事項(默認選中問題)
通過以上最終得到的HTML代碼可以發(fā)現(xiàn),每次生成的代碼都會默認選中一個空白的選項,如果需要手動指定一個默認選中值應(yīng)該怎么設(shè)置?
我們有兩種方式(此處代碼不完整,驗證時請將html部分補充完整):
<!-- 以代碼2中(label for value in array)和(select as label for value in array) 為例--> <!-- 方式一:ng-init屬性 兩種語法形式在使用ng-init時有一定區(qū)別,其中第二中寫為了name=coms[0].id是因為在ng-options中通過 select as 為當(dāng)前的select指定了coms[0].id作為value的值;在寫法一種未指定value值,則默認為coms中 的一個對象。 --> <select ng-init="name1=coms[0]" ng-options="c.name for c in coms" ng-model="name1"></select> <select ng-init="name2=coms[0].id" ng-options="c.id as c.name for c in coms" ng-model="name2"></select> <!-- 方式二: 在js代碼中為ng-model綁定的變量賦值 --> <script> var app = angular.module('myApp', []); app.controller('myCtrl', function($scope) { $scope.coms = [{'id':'baidu','name':'百度','type':'搜索'}, {'id':'Google', 'name':'谷歌','type':'搜索'}, {'id':'apple', 'name':'蘋果','type':'手機'}, {'id':'TaoBao', 'name':'淘寶','type':'購物'} ]; // label for value in array $scope.name1 = $scope.coms[0]; // select as label for value in array $scope.name2 = $scope.coms[0].id; }); </script>
2.對象作為數(shù)據(jù)源
- label for (key, value) in object
代碼展示
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/angular.js/1.4.6/angular.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl"> {{name4}} <!-- 表達式語法:select as label for (key, value) in object --> <select ng-options="value as key for (key, value) in province" ng-model='name4'></select> </div> <script> var app = angular.module('myApp', []); app.controller('myCtrl', function($scope) { $scope.province = { '北京':'京', '山西':'晉', '上海':'滬', }; }); </script> </body> </html>
3.全部語法
for array data sources:
- label for value in array
- select as label for value in array
- label group by group for value in array
- label disable when disable for value in array
- label group by group for value in array track by trackexpr
- label disable when disable for value in array track by trackexpr
- label for value in array | orderBy:orderexpr track by trackexpr(for including a filter with track by)
for object data sources:
- label for (key , value) in object
- select as label for (key ,value) in object
- label group by group for (key,value) in object
- label disable when disable for (key, value) in object
- select as label group by group for(key, value) in object
- select as label disable when disable for (key, value) in object
三、ng-repeat
代碼示例:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/angular.js/1.4.6/angular.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div ng-app="myApp" ng-controller="myCtrl"> <select> <option value="" selected="selected">====請選擇====</option> <option ng-repeat="com in coms" value="{{com.name}}">{{com.name}}</option> </select> </div> <script> var app = angular.module('myApp', []); app.controller('myCtrl', function($scope) { $scope.coms = [{'id':'baidu','name':'百度','type':'搜索'}, {'id':'Google', 'name':'谷歌','type':'搜索'}, {'id':'apple', 'name':'蘋果','type':'手機'}, {'id':'TaoBao', 'name':'淘寶','type':'購物'} ]; }); </script> </body> </html>
四、總結(jié)
使用ng-repeat動態(tài)生成select比ng-option略微簡單,但是ng-repeat有一定的局限性,選擇的值只能是一個字符串,而使用ng-option選擇的值可以是一個對象。
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