Spring boot如何通過@Scheduled實現(xiàn)定時任務(wù)及多線程配置

更新時間：2019年12月02日 10:09:09 作者：慕塵

這篇文章主要介紹了Spring boot如何通過@Scheduled實現(xiàn)定時任務(wù)及多線程配置,文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細，對大家的學習或者工作具有一定的參考學習價值,需要的朋友可以參考下

使用@Scheduled 可以很容易實現(xiàn)定時任務(wù)

spring boot的版本 2.1.6.RELEASE

package com.abc.demo.common;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@EnableScheduling
@Component
public class ScheduleSetting {
  private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Tasks.class);
  @Scheduled(fixedRate = 10000, initialDelay = 2000)
  public void scheduleRead() {
    try {
      long timeStamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
      SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
      Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
      System.out.println("cron1任務(wù)開始,start=" + simpleDateFormat.format(timeStamp) + ", threadId=" + thread.getId() + ", threadName=" + thread.getName());
      long endStamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
      try {
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(20);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      System.out.println("cron1任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：" + thread.getName() + " 結(jié)束,start=" + simpleDateFormat.format(timeStamp) + ",end=" + simpleDateFormat.format(endStamp));
      System.out.println("++++++++++++++++++++++++");
    } catch (Exception e) {
      logger.error(e.getMessage());
    }
  }

  @Scheduled(fixedRate = 5000, initialDelay = 1000)
  public void scheduleConvert() {
    try {

      long timeStamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
      SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
      Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
      System.out.println("cron2任務(wù)開始,start=" + simpleDateFormat.format(timeStamp) + ", threadId=" + thread.getId() + ", threadName=" + thread.getName());
      try {
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      long endStamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
      System.out.println("cron2任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：" + thread.getName() + " 結(jié)束,start=" + simpleDateFormat.format(timeStamp) + ",end=" + simpleDateFormat.format(endStamp));
      System.out.println("====================");
    } catch (Exception e) {
      logger.error(e.getMessage());
    }
  }
}

運行輸出內(nèi)容為

cron2任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:31:52, threadId=34, threadName=scheduling-1
cron2任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：scheduling-1 結(jié)束,start=2019-10-11 17:31:52,end=2019-10-11 17:32:02
====================
cron1任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:32:02, threadId=34, threadName=scheduling-1
cron1任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：scheduling-1 結(jié)束,start=2019-10-11 17:32:02,end=2019-10-11 17:32:02
++++++++++++++++++++++++
cron2任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:32:22, threadId=34, threadName=scheduling-1
cron2任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：scheduling-1 結(jié)束,start=2019-10-11 17:32:22,end=2019-10-11 17:32:32

……

注：

　　cron2執(zhí)行完后才會執(zhí)行cron1

原因：

　　spring默認是以單線程執(zhí)行任務(wù)調(diào)度

　　spring的定時任務(wù)默認最大運行線程數(shù)為1，多個任務(wù)執(zhí)行起來時間會有問題

1.配置線程池

在配置文件application.properties中添加

# 線程池大小
spring.task.scheduling.pool.size=5
# 線程名前綴
spring.task.scheduling.thread-name-prefix=myScheduling-

輸出內(nèi)容變?yōu)?/p>

cron2任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:34:48, threadId=34, threadName=myScheduling-1
cron1任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:34:49, threadId=35, threadName=myScheduling-2
cron2任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：myScheduling-1 結(jié)束,start=2019-10-11 17:34:48,end=2019-10-11 17:34:58
====================
cron2任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:34:58, threadId=34, threadName=myScheduling-1
cron2任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：myScheduling-1 結(jié)束,start=2019-10-11 17:34:58,end=2019-10-11 17:35:08
====================
cron2任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:35:08, threadId=57, threadName=myScheduling-3
cron1任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：myScheduling-2 結(jié)束,start=2019-10-11 17:34:49,end=2019-10-11 17:34:49

……

注：

多線程下，cron1和cron2不用互相等待了，但是同一個任務(wù)還是需要等待的

2.并發(fā)

修改代碼

package com.abc.demo.common;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@EnableScheduling
@Component
@EnableAsync
public class ScheduleSetting {
  private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Tasks.class);
  @Async
  @Scheduled(fixedRate = 10000, initialDelay = 2000)
  public void scheduleRead() {
    try {
      long timeStamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
      SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
      Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
      System.out.println("cron1任務(wù)開始,start=" + simpleDateFormat.format(timeStamp) + ", threadId=" + thread.getId() + ", threadName=" + thread.getName());
      long endStamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
      try {
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(20);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      System.out.println("cron1任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：" + thread.getName() + " 結(jié)束,start=" + simpleDateFormat.format(timeStamp) + ",end=" + simpleDateFormat.format(endStamp));
      System.out.println("++++++++++++++++++++++++");
    } catch (Exception e) {
      logger.error(e.getMessage());
    }
  }

  @Async
  @Scheduled(fixedRate = 5000, initialDelay = 1000)
  public void scheduleConvert() {
    try {

      long timeStamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
      SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
      Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
      System.out.println("cron2任務(wù)開始,start=" + simpleDateFormat.format(timeStamp) + ", threadId=" + thread.getId() + ", threadName=" + thread.getName());
      try {
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
      long endStamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
      System.out.println("cron2任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：" + thread.getName() + " 結(jié)束,start=" + simpleDateFormat.format(timeStamp) + ",end=" + simpleDateFormat.format(endStamp));
      System.out.println("====================");
    } catch (Exception e) {
      logger.error(e.getMessage());
    }
  }
}

輸出的內(nèi)容

cron2任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:39:53, threadId=57, threadName=task-1
cron1任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:39:54, threadId=59, threadName=task-2
cron2任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:39:58, threadId=61, threadName=task-3
cron2任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:40:03, threadId=63, threadName=task-4
cron2任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：task-1 結(jié)束,start=2019-10-11 17:39:53,end=2019-10-11 17:40:03
====================
cron1任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:40:04, threadId=64, threadName=task-5
cron2任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:40:08, threadId=65, threadName=task-6
cron2任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：task-3 結(jié)束,start=2019-10-11 17:39:58,end=2019-10-11 17:40:08
====================
cron2任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:40:13, threadId=66, threadName=task-7
cron2任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：task-4 結(jié)束,start=2019-10-11 17:40:03,end=2019-10-11 17:40:13
====================
cron1任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：task-2 結(jié)束,start=2019-10-11 17:39:54,end=2019-10-11 17:39:54

說明：　

　　@EnableAsync開啟多線程
　　@Async標記其為一個異步任務(wù)
　　每個定時任務(wù)都是在通過不同的線程來處理，線程名的前綴成了task-
　　線程默認為10個

修改配置

spring.task.execution.thread-name-prefix=mytask-
spring.task.execution.pool.core-size=5

重新運行的輸出

cron2任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:44:00, threadId=56, threadName=mytask-1
cron1任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:44:01, threadId=57, threadName=mytask-2
cron2任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:44:05, threadId=58, threadName=mytask-3
cron2任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:44:10, threadId=59, threadName=mytask-4
cron2任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：mytask-1 結(jié)束,start=2019-10-11 17:44:00,end=2019-10-11 17:44:10
====================
cron1任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:44:11, threadId=60, threadName=mytask-5
cron2任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：mytask-3 結(jié)束,start=2019-10-11 17:44:05,end=2019-10-11 17:44:15
====================
cron2任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:44:15, threadId=58, threadName=mytask-3
cron2任務(wù)開始,start=2019-10-11 17:44:20, threadId=56, threadName=mytask-1
cron2任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：mytask-4 結(jié)束,start=2019-10-11 17:44:10,end=2019-10-11 17:44:20
====================
cron1任務(wù)正在運行的線程名稱：mytask-2 結(jié)束,start=2019-10-11 17:44:01,end=2019-10-11 17:44:01

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