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node.JS路徑解析之PATH模塊使用方法詳解

更新時間：2020年02月06日 15:05:59 作者：小火柴的藍(lán)色理想

path模塊包含一系列處理和轉(zhuǎn)換文件路徑的工具集，通過 require('path') 可用來訪問這個模塊。本文將詳細(xì)介紹path模塊

路徑組成

path.dirname(p)

返回路徑p所在的目錄

var path = require('path');

console.log(path.dirname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt')); // /foo/bar/baz/asdf

console.log(path.dirname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/')); // /foo/bar/baz

console.log(path.dirname('C:/test/aaa')); // C:/test

path.basename(p[, ext])

返回路徑的最后一個部分，即文件名。參數(shù)ext為需要截掉的后綴內(nèi)容　

var path = require('path');

console.log(path.basename('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt')); // a.txt

console.log(path.basename('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt','.txt')); // a

console.log(path.basename('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/')); // asdf

console.log(path.basename('C:/test/aaa')); // aaa

path.extname(p)

返回路徑p的擴(kuò)展名，從最后一個'.'到字符串的末尾。如果最后一個部分沒有'.'，或者路徑是以'.'開頭，則返回空字符串

var path = require('path');

console.log(path.extname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt')); // .txt

console.log(path.extname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt.b')); // .b

console.log(path.extname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.')); // .

console.log(path.extname('C:/test/aaa/.')); // ''

console.log(path.extname('C:/test/aaa')); // ''

分隔符

path.sep

返回對應(yīng)平臺下的文件分隔符，win下為'\'，*nix下為'/'

var path = require('path');

console.log(path.sep); // win下為\，*nix下為/

console.log('foo\\bar\\baz'.split(path.sep)); // [ 'foo', 'bar', 'baz' ]

console.log('foo/bar/baz'.split(path.sep)); // win下返回['foo/bar/baz']，但在*nix系統(tǒng)下會返回['foo','bar','baz']

path.delimiter

返回對應(yīng)平臺下的路徑分隔符，win下為';'，*nix下為':'

var path = require('path');

console.log(path.delimiter); //win下為“;”，*nix下為“:”

console.log(path.sep); // win下為\，*nix下為/

規(guī)范化

path.normalize(p)

規(guī)范化路徑，處理冗余的“..”、“.”、“/”字符。發(fā)現(xiàn)多個斜杠時，會替換成一個斜杠。當(dāng)路徑末尾包含一個斜杠時，保留。Windows系統(tǒng)使用反斜杠　

var path = require('path');

console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/../user/bin'));//a\b\user\bin

console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c///../user/bin/'));//a\b\user\bin\

console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/../../user/bin'));//a\user\bin

console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/.././///../user/bin/..'));//a\user

console.log(path.normalize('a/b/c/../../user/bin/../../'));//a\

console.log(path.normalize('a/../../user/bin/../../'));//..\

console.log(path.normalize('a/../../user/bin/../../../../'));//..\..\..\

console.log(path.normalize('./a/.././user/bin/./'));//user\bin\

path.join([path1], [path2], [...])

將多個路徑結(jié)合在一起，并轉(zhuǎn)換為規(guī)范化路徑　

var path = require('path');

console.log(path.join('////./a', 'b////c', 'user/'));//\a\b\c\user

console.log(path.join('a', '../../', 'user/'));//..\user\

絕對和相對

path.resolve([from ...], to)

從源地址 from 到目的地址 to 的絕對路徑，類似在shell里執(zhí)行一系列的cd命令

path.resolve('foo/bar', '/tmp/file/', '..', 'a/../subfile')

類似于:

cd foo/bar

cd /tmp/file/

cd ..

cd a/../subfile

pwd

[注意]如果某個from或to參數(shù)是絕對路徑（比如 'E:/abc'，或是以“/”開頭的路徑），則將忽略之前的from參數(shù)

var path = require('path');

console.log(path.resolve('.', 'testFiles/..', 'trdLayer'));//D:\project\trdLayer

console.log(path.resolve('..', 'testFiles', 'a.txt'));//D:\testFiles\a.txt

console.log(path.resolve('D:', 'abc', 'D:/a'));//D:\a

console.log(path.resolve('abc', 'ok.gif'));//D:\project\abc\ok.gif

console.log(path.resolve('abc', '..', 'a/../subfile')); //D:\project\subfile

path.isAbsolute(path)

path是一個絕對路徑(比如 'E:/abc')，或者是以“/”開頭的路徑，二者都會返回true

var path = require('path');

console.log(path.isAbsolute('../testFiles/secLayer'));//false

console.log(path.isAbsolute('./join.js'));//false

console.log(path.isAbsolute('temp'));//false

console.log(path.isAbsolute('/temp/../..'));//true

console.log(path.isAbsolute('E:/github/nodeAPI/abc/efg'));//true

console.log(path.isAbsolute('///temp123'));//true

path.relative(from, to)

獲取從 from 到 to 的相對路徑，可以看作 path.resolve 的相反實現(xiàn)

path.resolve(from, path.relative(from, to)) == path.resolve(to)

var path = require('path');

console.log(path.relative('C:\\\test', 'C:\\\impl\\bbb'));//..\impl\bbb

console.log(path.relative('C:/test/aaa', 'C:/bbb'));//..\..\bbb

更多關(guān)于node.JS路徑解析的方法請查看下面的相關(guān)鏈接

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