Android AIDL實(shí)現(xiàn)與服務(wù)相互調(diào)用方式
通過(guò)AIDL接口在進(jìn)程間傳遞數(shù)據(jù),記錄在開(kāi)發(fā)中遇到的一寫(xiě)問(wèn)題
AIDL支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)類型如下:
1. Java 的原生類型
2. String 和CharSequence
3. List 和 Map ,List和Map 對(duì)象的元素必須是AIDL支持的數(shù)據(jù)類型; 以上三種類型都不需要導(dǎo)入(import)
4. AIDL 自動(dòng)生成的接口 需要導(dǎo)入(import)
5. 實(shí)現(xiàn)android.os.Parcelable 接口的類. 需要導(dǎo)入(import)。
問(wèn)題1 在傳遞非基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)時(shí) 在參數(shù)前需加修飾符
void getDatas(in byte[] bs); void DataWhole(in PackageData data); }
這里重點(diǎn)是in、out、inout修飾符以及Parcelable的使用!常見(jiàn)的是in、Parcelable,少用的out、inout。
這幾種修飾符,可理解如下:
in:客戶端的參數(shù)輸入;
out:服務(wù)端的參數(shù)輸入;
inout:這個(gè)可以叫輸入輸出參數(shù),客戶端可輸入、服務(wù)端也可輸入。客戶端輸入了參數(shù)到服務(wù)端后,服務(wù)端也可對(duì)該參數(shù)進(jìn)行修改等,最后在客戶端上得到的是服務(wù)端輸出的參數(shù)。
問(wèn)題2 傳遞對(duì)象時(shí)的必要操作
1.必需實(shí)現(xiàn)Parcelable接口,內(nèi)部類必需為靜態(tài)內(nèi)部類
2.需在aidl目錄創(chuàng)建同類名的AIDL文件,并聲明Parcelable,如圖
AIDL文件代碼就兩行
問(wèn)題3 參數(shù)大小的限制
如上在傳遞byte[] 長(zhǎng)度大于1024*1024時(shí)會(huì)拋出 TransactionTooLargeException 異常
問(wèn)題4 實(shí)現(xiàn)與服務(wù)之間互相調(diào)用
1.在綁定服務(wù)時(shí)會(huì)返回一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)了AIDL的對(duì)象,這樣可以通過(guò)對(duì)象調(diào)用服務(wù)中對(duì)應(yīng)實(shí)現(xiàn),
2.可以在應(yīng)用層實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)AIDL接口的對(duì)象,通過(guò)綁定服務(wù)返回的AIDL對(duì)象回傳給服務(wù),這樣可以在服務(wù)中主動(dòng)調(diào)用應(yīng)用層的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)回傳通知,
//接收回調(diào) INotification notification = new INotification.Stub() { @Override public void Datas(byte[] bs) throws RemoteException { Log.d(TAG, "Datas: 收到數(shù)據(jù)=" + Arrays.toString(bs));//已測(cè)試 最大數(shù)據(jù)1024*1024 } }
//傳遞回調(diào)對(duì)象 void setNotification(in INotification Notification);
@Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { iAidlInterface = IAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service); try { iAidlInterface.setNotification(notification); } catch (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
補(bǔ)充知識(shí):在Android系統(tǒng)中實(shí)現(xiàn)AIDL功能
之前實(shí)現(xiàn)AIDL的功能都是通過(guò)eclipse或者android studio工具實(shí)現(xiàn),最近由于項(xiàng)目需要,需要系統(tǒng)層提供接口給應(yīng)用層使用,所以想到使用AIDL。下面已一個(gè)非常簡(jiǎn)單的Demo來(lái)說(shuō)明在Android系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)生成AIDL的jar供應(yīng)用層使用。
一、AIDL的jar制作
首先新建一個(gè)android項(xiàng)目來(lái)用生產(chǎn)aidl的jar包,項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)如下:
gunder@gunder:/mnt/hgfs/ubuntuShare/aidl/SimpleJar$ tree . ├── Android.mk └── src └── com └── china └── jar ├── IVoiceClientInterface.aidl └── VoiceManager.java
只有三個(gè)文件,首先看一下IVoiceClientInterface.aidl文件:
package com.china.jar; interface IVoiceClientInterface{ void face(); }
里面只有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的方法face。 IVoiceClientInterface.aidl主要是服務(wù)器端來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,而VoiceManager.java是供客戶端調(diào)用face方法使用的。VoiceManager.java具體實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
package com.china.jar; import com.china.jar.IVoiceClientInterface; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.HandlerThread; import android.os.Message; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.util.Log; import android.os.ServiceManager; public class VoiceManager { private static final String TAG = "VoiceManager"; private static VoiceManager mVoiceManager; private static IVoiceClientInterface mService = null; public static final String NAME = "simple_jar"; public static final boolean DEBUG_DATA = true; private final HandlerThread mWorkThread; private final Handler mWorkHander; private static final int MSG_INIT_SERVICE = 0x01; //單例模式 public static synchronized VoiceManager getInstance(){ if (null == mVoiceManager){ synchronized (VoiceManager.class) { if (null == mVoiceManager){ mVoiceManager = new VoiceManager(); } } } return mVoiceManager; } private VoiceManager(){ mWorkThread = new HandlerThread("simple_manager"); mWorkThread.start(); mWorkHander = new Handler(mWorkThread.getLooper()){ @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case MSG_INIT_SERVICE: removeMessages(MSG_INIT_SERVICE); break; default: break; } } }; } //獲取服務(wù)端注冊(cè)的NAME服務(wù)并跟服務(wù)端建立連接 private synchronized IVoiceClientInterface getService(){ if (null == mService){ Log.e(TAG, "IVocieService init"); mService = IVoiceClientInterface.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager .getService(NAME)); } if (null == mService){ Log.e(TAG, "jar service is null"); mWorkHander.removeMessages(MSG_INIT_SERVICE); mWorkHander.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(MSG_INIT_SERVICE, 100); } return mService; } //調(diào)用服務(wù)端的face方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)不同app之間的進(jìn)程間通信 public void face(){ Log.d(TAG, "face"); mService = getService(); if (null == mService){ Log.e(TAG, "face mService is null!"); return ; } try{ mService.face(); }catch(RemoteException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
Android.mk文件主要是用來(lái)將IVoiceClientInterface.aidl和VoiceManager.java編譯成jar包,以方便在eclipse或者Android Studio中使用。
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src) LOCAL_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := SimpleService LOCAL_CERTIFICATE :=platform include $(BUILD_PACKAGE)
將該項(xiàng)目放置到android系統(tǒng)的packages/apps目錄單編就可以生產(chǎn)out/target/common/obj/JAVA_LIBRARIES/SimpleJar_intermediates/classes.jar,classes.jar就可以導(dǎo)入eclipse或者Android Studio中使用。
二、服務(wù)端實(shí)現(xiàn)AIDL中的接口demo目錄結(jié)構(gòu)如下:
gunder@gunder:/mnt/hgfs/ubuntuShare/aidl/SimpleJarService$ tree
.
├── AndroidManifest.xml
├── Android.mk
├── libs
│ └── simple.jar
├── res
│ ├── drawable-hdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── drawable-ldpi
│ ├── drawable-mdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── drawable-xhdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── layout
│ ├── values
│ │ ├── strings.xml
│ │ └── styles.xml
│ ├── values-v11
│ │ └── styles.xml
│ └── values-v14
│ └── styles.xml
└── src
└── com
└── china
└── service
├── BootReceiverBroadcast.java
├── Logger.java
└── SimpleService.java
主要實(shí)現(xiàn)只有5個(gè)文件:SimpleService.java、Logger.java、BootReceiverBroadcast.java、 Android.mk、 AndroidManifest.xml。SimpleService.java是實(shí)現(xiàn)AIDL的服務(wù),具體實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
package com.china.service; import com.china.jar.IVoiceClientInterface; import com.china.jar.VoiceManager; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.os.ServiceManager; public class SimpleService extends Service{ private static VoiceClientInterfaceImpl mBinder; @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { Logger.d(); return mBinder;//跟客戶端綁定 } @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); Logger.d(); if (null == mBinder){ initService(); } } @Override public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { Logger.d(); if (null == mBinder){ initService(); } return START_STICKY; } //實(shí)現(xiàn)AIDL的接口 private class VoiceClientInterfaceImpl extends IVoiceClientInterface.Stub{ @Override public void face() throws RemoteException { Logger.d("face----excute!");//客戶端調(diào)用face方法時(shí)這里會(huì)執(zhí)行,會(huì)打印face----excute! } } //初始化服務(wù),主要是向系統(tǒng)注冊(cè)服務(wù) private void initService(){ Logger.d(); if (null == mBinder){ synchronized (SimpleService.class) { if (null == mBinder){ try { mBinder = new VoiceClientInterfaceImpl(); ServiceManager.addService(VoiceManager.NAME, mBinder); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } } }
Logger.java是打印Log的簡(jiǎn)單封裝,具體如下:
package com.china.service; import android.util.Log; import java.util.Locale; public class Logger { public static final boolean DEBUG = true; public static final String DEFAULT_TAG = "AIOS_"; public Logger(){} public static void d(){ if (DEBUG){ Log.d(DEFAULT_TAG,getPrefix()); } } public static void d(String msg){ if (DEBUG){ Log.d(DEFAULT_TAG, getPrefix() + msg); } } public static void d(String msg, Throwable tr){ if (DEBUG){ Log.d(DEFAULT_TAG, getPrefix() + msg, tr); } } private static String getPrefix(){ StackTraceElement stackTraceElement = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[4]; String className = stackTraceElement.getClassName(); int classNameStartIndex = className.lastIndexOf(".") + 1; className = className.substring(classNameStartIndex); String methodName = stackTraceElement.getMethodName(); int methodLine = stackTraceElement.getLineNumber(); String format = "%s_%s(L:%d)"; return String.format(Locale.CANADA, format, className, methodName, methodLine); } }
BootReceiverBroadcast.java是開(kāi)機(jī)完成的時(shí)候拉起 SimpleService服務(wù),具體實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
package com.china.service; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; public class BootReceiverBroadcast extends BroadcastReceiver{ @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Logger.d(); Intent service = new Intent(context, SimpleService.class);//開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)會(huì)拉起服務(wù)SimpleService context.startService(service); } }
Android.mk具體實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src) LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := SimpleService LOCAL_CERTIFICATE :=platform LOCAL_PRIVILEGED_MODULE := false LOCAL_DEX_PREOPT := false LOCAL_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple include $(BUILD_PACKAGE) include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional LOCAL_PREBUILT_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES :=simple:libs/simple.jar include $(BUILD_MULTI_PREBUILT) include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
這里的simple.jar是第一步中制作的classes.jar。 AndroidManifest.xml配置文件如下:
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.chinatsp.service" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" android:sharedUserId="android.uid.system" > <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" android:targetSdkVersion="21" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <service android:name="com.china.service.SimpleService"></service> <receiver android:name="com.china.service.BootReceiverBroadcast"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/> <!-- <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/> --> </intent-filter> </receiver> </application> </manifest>
到這里服務(wù)端就實(shí)現(xiàn)完了。
三、客戶端實(shí)現(xiàn)AIDL的接口調(diào)用demo目錄結(jié)構(gòu)如下:
gunder@gunder:/mnt/hgfs/ubuntuShare/aidl/SimpleJarClient$ tree
.
├── AndroidManifest.xml
├── Android.mk
├── libs
│ └── simple.jar
├── res
│ ├── drawable-hdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── drawable-ldpi
│ ├── drawable-mdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── drawable-xhdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── drawable-xxhdpi
│ │ └── ic_launcher.png
│ ├── layout
│ │ ├── activity_main.xml
│ │ ├── activity_tss.xml
│ │ └── test.xml
│ ├── menu
│ ├── values
│ │ ├── dimens.xml
│ │ └── strings.xml
│ ├── values-v11
│ ├── values-v14
│ └── values-w820dp
│ └── dimens.xml
└── src
└── com
└── example
└── helloworld
├── TestVoice.java
└── util
└── Logger.java
這里主要看5個(gè)文件:Logger.java、 test.xml、TestVoice.java、Android.mk、AndroidManifest.xml,其中Logger.java跟服務(wù)端代碼一樣的。TestVoice.java的實(shí)現(xiàn)也很簡(jiǎn)單,在button調(diào)用face方法,具體實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
package com.example.helloworld; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import com.example.helloworld.util.Logger; public class TestVoice extends Activity{ @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.test); } public void startVoice(View view){ Logger.d(); } public void stopVoice(View view){ Logger.d(); com.china.jar.VoiceManager.getInstance().face(); } public void finishVoice(View view){ Logger.d(); finish(); } }
test.xml布局如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" > <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:onClick="startVoice" android:text="@string/tts_start"/> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:onClick="stopVoice" android:text="@string/tts_stop"/> <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:onClick="finishVoice" android:text="@string/tts_finish"/> </LinearLayout>
Android.mk實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src) LOCAL_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple LOCAL_PREBUILT_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARIES := simple.jar #LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS :=optional LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := Hello #LOCAL_CERTIFICATE :=platform #LOCAL_PRIVILEGED_MODULE := false #LOCAL_DEX_PREOPT := false include $(BUILD_PACKAGE)
AndroidManifest.xml實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.helloworld" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS"/> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" android:targetSdkVersion="21" /> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" > <activity android:name="com.example.helloworld.TestVoice" android:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest>
到這里客戶端也實(shí)現(xiàn)了。將服務(wù)端跟客戶端的apk安裝到系統(tǒng)就可以測(cè)試了。
測(cè)試結(jié)果打印如下:
以上這篇Android AIDL實(shí)現(xiàn)與服務(wù)相互調(diào)用方式就是小編分享給大家的全部?jī)?nèi)容了,希望能給大家一個(gè)參考,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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