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PHP設(shè)計(jì)模式入門之狀態(tài)模式原理與實(shí)現(xiàn)方法分析

 更新時(shí)間：2020年04月26日 11:43:39   作者：dongxie548  
這篇文章主要介紹了PHP設(shè)計(jì)模式入門之狀態(tài)模式,結(jié)合實(shí)例形式分析了PHP狀態(tài)模式基本概念、原理、實(shí)現(xiàn)方法及操作注意事項(xiàng),需要的朋友可以參考下

本文實(shí)例講述了PHP設(shè)計(jì)模式入門之狀態(tài)模式原理與實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：

想必大家都用過自動(dòng)售賣的自動(dòng)飲料機(jī)吧，塞入硬幣或紙幣，選擇想要的飲料，飲料就會(huì)在機(jī)器的下方滾出。大家有沒有相關(guān)如果用程序去寫一個(gè)飲料機(jī)要怎么樣實(shí)現(xiàn)呢？

首先我們可以分享一下這部飲料機(jī)有幾種狀態(tài)

一、沒有錢的狀態(tài)

二、有錢的狀態(tài)

三、售出的狀態(tài)

四、銷售一空的狀態(tài)

好吧，知道了這些狀態(tài)之后我們開始寫代碼了！

JuiceMachine.php

<?php
/**
 * 飲料機(jī)
 * @author ben
 *
 */
class JuiceMachine{
 /**
 * 糖果機(jī)一共存在四種狀態(tài)：沒錢，有錢，成功售出以及銷售一空
 * 
 * 沒錢的狀態(tài)
 * @var INT
 */
 const NOMONEY = 0;
 
 /**
 * 有錢的狀態(tài)
 * @var INT
 */
 const HASMONEY = 1;
 
 /**
 * 成功售出的狀態(tài)
 * @var INT
 */
 const SOLD = 2;
 
 /**
 * 銷售一空的狀態(tài)
 * @var INT
 */
 const SOLDOUT = 3;
 
 /**
 * 記錄糖果機(jī)當(dāng)前的狀態(tài)，初始化狀態(tài)為售空
 * @var INT
 */
 private $_state = JuiceMachine::SOLDOUT;
 
 /**
 * 該變量用于記錄飲料機(jī)中飲料的數(shù)量
 */
 private $_count; 
 
 /**
 * 構(gòu)造方法，最主要是用來初始化count和state屬性的
 */
 public function __construct($count){
   $this->_count = $count;
   //當(dāng)飲料機(jī)中的飲料數(shù)量大于零時(shí)，將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為沒有錢的狀態(tài)。
   if($this->_count > 0){
     $this->_state = JuiceMachine::NOMONEY;
   }
 }
 
 /**
 * 投入硬幣
 */
 public function insertCoin(){
   if($this->_state == JuiceMachine::HASMONEY ){
     echo "you can't insert another coin!<br />";
   }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::NOMONEY){
     echo "you just insert a coin<br />";
     $this->_state = JuiceMachine::HASMONEY;
   }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLD){
     echo "wait a minute, we are giving you a bottle of juice<br />";
   }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLDOUT){
     echo "you can't insert coin, the machine is already soldout<br />";
   }
 }
 
 /**
 * 退回硬幣
 */
 public function retreatCoin(){
   if($this->_state == JuiceMachine::HASMONEY ){
     echo "coin return!<br />";
     $this->_state = JuiceMachine::NOMONEY;
   }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::NOMONEY){
     echo "you have'nt inserted a coin yet<br />";
   }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLD){
     echo "sorry, you already clicked the botton<br />";
   }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLDOUT){
     echo "you have'nt inserted a coin yet<br />";
   }
 }
 
 /**
 * 點(diǎn)擊飲料對(duì)應(yīng)的按鈕
 */
 public function clickButton(){
   if($this->_state == JuiceMachine::HASMONEY ){
     echo "you clicked, we are giving you a bottle of juice...<br />";
     $this->_state = JuiceMachine::SOLD;  //改變飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)為售出模式
     $this->dispend();
   }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::NOMONEY){
     echo "you clicked,but you hav'nt inserted a coin yet<br />";
   }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLD){
     echo "click twice does'nt get you two bottle of juice<br />";
   }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLDOUT){
     echo "you clicked, but the machine is already soldout<br />";
   }
 }
 
 /**
 * 發(fā)放飲料
 */
 public function dispend(){
   if($this->_state == JuiceMachine::HASMONEY ){
     echo "please click the button first<br />";
   }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::NOMONEY){
     echo "you need to pay first<br />";
   }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLD){
     echo "now you get you juice<br />";
     //飲料機(jī)中的飲料數(shù)量減一
     $this->_count--;
     if($this->_count <= 0){
       echo "opps, runing out of juice<br />";
       //如果這時(shí)飲料機(jī)中沒有飲料了，將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為銷售一空
       $this->_state = JuiceMachine::SOLDOUT;
     }else{
       //將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為沒有錢
       $this->_state = JuiceMachine::NOMONEY;
     }
   }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLDOUT){
     //其實(shí)這種情況不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)
     echo "opps, it appears that we don't have any juice left<br />";
   }
 }
}

index.php

<?php
require_once 'JuiceMachine.php';
 
$juiceMachine = new JuiceMachine(1);
 
$juiceMachine->insertCoin();
$juiceMachine->clickButton();

運(yùn)行的結(jié)果是：

you just insert a coin
you clicked, we are giving you a bottle of juice...
now you get you juice
opps, runing out of juice

到目前為止我們的程序運(yùn)行良好，沒有出現(xiàn)什么問題，但是從這些多重的if判斷中你是否嗅到了壞代碼的味道呢？有一天問題終于出現(xiàn)了，老板希望當(dāng)用戶點(diǎn)擊按鈕時(shí)有10%的概率拿到兩瓶飲料，我們需要為飲料機(jī)多加一個(gè)狀態(tài)，這時(shí)去修改代碼就成為了一種災(zāi)難，而且很可能會(huì)影響到之前的代碼，帶來新的bug，看看狀態(tài)模式如何幫助我們度過難關(guān)吧！

狀態(tài)模式的官方定義是：狀態(tài)模式允許對(duì)象在內(nèi)部狀態(tài)改變是改變它的行為，對(duì)象看起來好像是修改了它的類

用uml類圖表示如下：

在我們這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中的實(shí)際類圖如下：

具體實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼：

State.php

<?php
interface State{
  
  /**
   * 插入硬幣
   */
  public function insertCoin();
  
  /**
   * 回退硬幣
   */
  public function retreatCoin();
  
  /**
   * 點(diǎn)擊按鈕
   */
  public function clickButton();
  
  /**
   * 發(fā)放飲料
   */
  public function dispend();
}

NomoneyState.php

<?php
require_once 'State.php';
class NomoneyState implements State{
  
  /**
   * 飲料機(jī)的實(shí)例
   * 
   * @var object
   */
  private $_juiceMachine;
  
  /**
   * 構(gòu)造方法，主要用于初始化飲料機(jī)實(shí)例
   * 
   */
  public function __construct($juiceMachine){
    $this->_juiceMachine = $juiceMachine;
  }
  
 /* (non-PHPdoc)
   * @see State::insertCoin()
   */
  public function insertCoin()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "you just insert a coin<br />";
    //將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)切換成有錢的狀態(tài)
    $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getHasmoneyState());
  }
 
 /* (non-PHPdoc)
   * @see State::retreatCoin()
   */
  public function retreatCoin()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "you have'nt inserted a coin yet<br />";
  }
 
 /* (non-PHPdoc)
   * @see State::clickButton()
   */
  public function clickButton()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "you clicked,but you hav'nt inserted a coin yet<br />";
  }
 
 /* (non-PHPdoc)
   * @see State::dispend()
   */
  public function dispend()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "you need to pay first<br />";
  }
}

HasmoneyState.php

<?php
require_once 'State.php';
 
class HasmoneyState implements State
{
 
  /**
   * 飲料機(jī)的實(shí)例
   *
   * @var object
   */
  private $_juiceMachine;
 
  /**
   * 構(gòu)造方法，主要用于初始化飲料機(jī)實(shí)例
   */
  public function __construct($juiceMachine)
  {
    $this->_juiceMachine = $juiceMachine;
  }
  
  /*
   * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::insertCoin()
   */
  public function insertCoin()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "you can't insert another coin!<br />";
  }
  
  /*
   * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::retreatCoin()
   */
  public function retreatCoin()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "coin return!<br />";
    $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getNomoneyState());
  }
  
  /*
   * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::clickButton()
   */
  public function clickButton()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "you clicked, we are giving you a bottle of juice...<br />";
    // 改變飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)為售出模式
    $rand = mt_rand(0, 0);
    // 當(dāng)隨機(jī)數(shù)為0（即1/10的概率）并且飲料機(jī)中還有1瓶以上的飲料時(shí)
    if ($rand == 0 && $this->_juiceMachine->getCount() > 1) {
      $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getWinnerState());
    } else {
      $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getSoldState());
    }
  }
  
  /*
   * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::dispend()
   */
  public function dispend()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "please click the button first<br />";
  }
}

SoldoutState.php

<?php
require_once 'State.php';
class SoldoutState implements State{
  
  /**
   * 飲料機(jī)的實(shí)例
   *
   * @var object
   */
  private $_juiceMachine;
  
  /**
   * 構(gòu)造方法，主要用于初始化飲料機(jī)實(shí)例
   *
   */
  public function __construct($juiceMachine){
    $this->_juiceMachine = $juiceMachine;
  }
  
 /* (non-PHPdoc)
   * @see State::insertCoin()
   */
  public function insertCoin()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "you can't insert coin, the machine is already soldout<br />";
  }
 
 /* (non-PHPdoc)
   * @see State::retreatCoin()
   */
  public function retreatCoin()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "you have'nt inserted a coin yet<br />";
  }
 
 /* (non-PHPdoc)
   * @see State::clickButton()
   */
  public function clickButton()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "you clicked, but the machine is already soldout<br />";
  }
 
 /* (non-PHPdoc)
   * @see State::dispend()
   */
  public function dispend()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "opps, it appears that we don't have any juice left<br />";
  }
}

SoldState.php

<?php
require_once 'State.php';
class SoldState implements State{
  
  /**
   * 飲料機(jī)的實(shí)例
   *
   * @var object
   */
  private $_juiceMachine;
  
  /**
   * 構(gòu)造方法，主要用于初始化飲料機(jī)實(shí)例
   *
   */
  public function __construct($juiceMachine){
    $this->_juiceMachine = $juiceMachine;
  }
  
 /* (non-PHPdoc)
   * @see State::insertCoin()
   */
  public function insertCoin()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "wait a minute, we are giving you a bottle of juice<br />";
  }
 
 /* (non-PHPdoc)
   * @see State::retreatCoin()
   */
  public function retreatCoin()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "sorry, you already clicked the botton<br />";
  }
 
 /* (non-PHPdoc)
   * @see State::clickButton()
   */
  public function clickButton()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "click twice does'nt get you two bottle of juice<br />";
  }
 
 /* (non-PHPdoc)
   * @see State::dispend()
   */
  public function dispend()
  {
    $this->_juiceMachine->decJuice();
    if($this->_juiceMachine->getCount() <= 0){
      echo "opps, runing out of juice<br />";
      //如果這時(shí)飲料機(jī)中沒有飲料了，將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為銷售一空
       $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getSoldoutState());
    }else{
      //將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為沒有錢
       $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getNomoneyState());
    }
  }
  
}

WinnerState.php

<?php
require_once 'State.php';
 
class WinnerState implements State
{
 
  /**
   * 飲料機(jī)的實(shí)例
   *
   * @var object
   */
  private $_juiceMachine;
 
  /**
   * 構(gòu)造方法，主要用于初始化飲料機(jī)實(shí)例
   */
  public function __construct($juiceMachine)
  {
    $this->_juiceMachine = $juiceMachine;
  }
  
  /*
   * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::insertCoin()
   */
  public function insertCoin()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "wait a minute, we are giving you a bottle of juice<br />";
  }
  
  /*
   * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::retreatCoin()
   */
  public function retreatCoin()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "sorry, you already clicked the botton<br />";
  }
  
  /*
   * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::clickButton()
   */
  public function clickButton()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    echo "click twice does'nt get you two bottle of juice<br />";
  }
  
  /*
   * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::dispend()
   */
  public function dispend()
  {
    echo "you are a winner! you get two bottle of juice!<br />";
    $this->_juiceMachine->decJuice();
    if ($this->_juiceMachine->getCount() > 0) {
      $this->_juiceMachine->decJuice();
      if ($this->_juiceMachine->getCount() <= 0) {
        echo "opps, runing out of juice<br />";
        // 如果這時(shí)飲料機(jī)中沒有飲料了，將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為銷售一空
        $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getSoldoutState());
      } else {
        // 將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為沒有錢
        $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getSoldoutState());
      }
    } else {
      echo "opps, runing out of juice<br />";
      // 如果這時(shí)飲料機(jī)中沒有飲料了，將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為銷售一空
      $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getSoldoutState());
    }
  }
}

JuiceMachine.php

<?php
require_once './state/NomoneyState.php';
require_once './state/HasmoneyState.php';
require_once './state/SoldState.php';
require_once './state/SoldoutState.php';
require_once './state/WinnerState.php';
 
class JuiceMachine
{
 
  /**
   * 記錄糖果機(jī)當(dāng)前的狀態(tài)，初始化狀態(tài)為售空
   * 
   * @var object
   */
  private $_state;
 
  /**
   * 該變量用于記錄飲料機(jī)中飲料的數(shù)量
   */
  private $_count;
 
  /**
   * 構(gòu)造方法，最主要是用來初始化count和state屬性的
   */
  public function __construct($count)
  {
    $this->_state = new SoldoutState($this);
    $this->_count = $count;
    // 當(dāng)飲料機(jī)中的飲料數(shù)量大于零時(shí)，將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為沒有錢的狀態(tài)。
    if ($this->_count > 0) {
      $this->_state = new NomoneyState($this);
    }
  }
  
  /*
   * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::insertCoin()
   */
  public function insertCoin()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    $this->_state->insertCoin();
  }
  
  /*
   * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::retreatCoin()
   */
  public function retreatCoin()
  {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    $this->_state->retreatCoin();
  }
  
  /*
   * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::clickButton()
   */
  public function clickButton()
  {
    $this->_state->clickButton();
    //其實(shí)發(fā)放糖果是在用戶點(diǎn)擊完按鈕后機(jī)器內(nèi)部進(jìn)行的所有沒有必要再寫一個(gè)dispend方法
    $this->_state->dispend();
  }
  
  /**
   * 設(shè)置糖果機(jī)的狀態(tài)
   * 
   * @param State $state
   */
  public function setState(State $state)
  {
    $this->_state = $state;
  }
  
  /**
   * 獲取沒有錢的狀態(tài)
   */
  public function getNomoneyState(){
    return new NomoneyState($this);
  }
  
  /**
   * 獲取有錢的狀態(tài)
   */
  public function getHasmoneyState(){
    return new HasmoneyState($this);
  }
  
  /**
   * 獲取售出的狀態(tài)
   */
  public function getSoldState(){
    return new SoldState($this);
  }
  
  /**
   * 獲取銷售一空的狀態(tài)
   */
  public function getSoldoutState(){
    return new SoldoutState($this);
  }
  
  /**
   * 獲取幸運(yùn)者的狀態(tài)
   */
  public function getWinnerState(){
    return new WinnerState($this);
  }
  
  /**
   * 獲取飲料機(jī)中飲料的數(shù)量
   */
  public function getCount(){
    return $this->_count;
  }
  
  /**
   * 將飲料數(shù)量減一
   */
  public function decJuice(){
    echo "now you get you juice<br />";
    //飲料機(jī)中的飲料數(shù)量減一
    $this->_count--;
  }
  
}

index.php

<?php
require_once 'JuiceMachine.php';
 
$juiceMachine = new JuiceMachine(2);
 
$juiceMachine->insertCoin();
$juiceMachine->clickButton();

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