ASP.NET Core對(duì)Controller進(jìn)行單元測(cè)試的完整步驟

更新時(shí)間：2020年06月19日 08:40:47 作者：Agile.Zhou

這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于ASP.NET Core對(duì)Controller進(jìn)行單元測(cè)試的完整步驟，文中通過(guò)示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對(duì)大家學(xué)習(xí)或者使用ASP.NET Core具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值，需要的朋友們下面來(lái)一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧

前言

單元測(cè)試對(duì)我們的代碼質(zhì)量非常重要。很多同學(xué)都會(huì)對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)邏輯或者工具方法寫(xiě)測(cè)試用例，但是往往忽略了對(duì)Controller層寫(xiě)單元測(cè)試。我所在的公司沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)一個(gè)對(duì)Controller寫(xiě)過(guò)測(cè)試的。今天來(lái)演示下如果對(duì)Controller進(jìn)行單元測(cè)試。以下內(nèi)容默認(rèn)您對(duì)單元測(cè)試有所了解，比如如何mock一個(gè)接口。在這里多叨叨一句，面向接口的好處，除了能夠快速的替換實(shí)現(xiàn)類（其實(shí)大部分接口不會(huì)有多個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)），最大的好處就是可以進(jìn)行mock，可以進(jìn)行單元測(cè)試。

測(cè)試Action

下面的Action非常簡(jiǎn)單，非常常見(jiàn)的一種代碼。根據(jù)用戶id去獲取用戶信息然后展示出來(lái)。下面看看如何對(duì)這個(gè)Action進(jìn)行測(cè)試。

  public class UserController : Controller
  {
    private readonly IUserService _userService;
    public UserController(IUserService userService)
    {
      _userService = userService;
    }

    public IActionResult UserInfo(string userId)
    {
      if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(userId))
      {
        throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(userId));
      }

      var user = _userService.Get(userId);
      return View(user);
    }
   
  }

測(cè)試代碼：

 [TestMethod()]
    public void UserInfoTest()
    {

      var userService = new Mock<IUserService>();
      userService.Setup(s => s.Get(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(new User());

      var ctrl = new UserController(userService.Object);
      //對(duì)空參數(shù)進(jìn)行assert
      Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => {
        var result = ctrl.UserInfo(null);
      });
      //對(duì)空參數(shù)進(jìn)行assert
      Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => {
        var result = ctrl.UserInfo("");
      });

      var result = ctrl.UserInfo("1");
      Assert.IsNotNull(result);
      Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof(ViewResult));
    }

我們對(duì)一個(gè)Action進(jìn)行測(cè)試主要的思路就是模擬各種入?yún)ⅲ箿y(cè)試代碼能夠到達(dá)所有的分支，并且Assert輸出是否為空，是否為指定的類型等。

對(duì)ViewModel進(jìn)行測(cè)試

我們編寫(xiě)Action的時(shí)候還會(huì)涉及ViewModel給視圖傳遞數(shù)據(jù)，這部分也需要進(jìn)行測(cè)試。修改測(cè)試用例，加入對(duì)ViewModel的測(cè)試代碼：

 [TestMethod()]
    public void UserInfoTest()
    {
      var userService = new Mock<IUserService>();
      userService.Setup(s => s.Get(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(new User()
      {
        Id = "x"
      }) ;

      var ctrl = new UserController(userService.Object);
      Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => {
        var result = ctrl.UserInfo(null);
      });
      Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => {
        var result = ctrl.UserInfo("");
      });

      var result = ctrl.UserInfo("1");
      Assert.IsNotNull(result);
      Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof(ViewResult));
      //對(duì)viewModel進(jìn)行assert
      var vr = result as ViewResult;
      Assert.IsNotNull(vr.Model);
      Assert.IsInstanceOfType(vr.Model, typeof(User));
      var user = vr.Model as User;
      Assert.AreEqual("x", user.Id);
    }

對(duì)ViewData進(jìn)行測(cè)試

我們編寫(xiě)Action的時(shí)候還會(huì)涉及ViewData給視圖傳遞數(shù)據(jù)，這部分同樣需要測(cè)試。修改Action代碼，對(duì)ViewData進(jìn)行賦值：

  public IActionResult UserInfo(string userId)
    {
      if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(userId))
      {
        throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(userId));
      }

      var user = _userService.Get(userId);

      ViewData["title"] = "user_info";

      return View(user);
    }

修改測(cè)試用例，加入對(duì)ViewData的測(cè)試代碼：

  [TestMethod()]
    public void UserInfoTest()
    {
      var userService = new Mock<IUserService>();
      userService.Setup(s => s.Get(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(new User()
      {
        Id = "x"
      }) ;

      var ctrl = new UserController(userService.Object);
      Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => {
        var result = ctrl.UserInfo(null);
      });
      Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => {
        var result = ctrl.UserInfo("");
      });

      var result = ctrl.UserInfo("1");
      Assert.IsNotNull(result);
      Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof(ViewResult));

      var vr = result as ViewResult;
      Assert.IsNotNull(vr.Model);
      Assert.IsInstanceOfType(vr.Model, typeof(User));
      var user = vr.Model as User;
      Assert.AreEqual("x", user.Id);
      //對(duì)viewData進(jìn)行assert
      Assert.IsTrue(vr.ViewData.ContainsKey("title"));
      var title = vr.ViewData["title"];
      Assert.AreEqual("user_info", title);
    }

對(duì)ViewBag進(jìn)行測(cè)試

因?yàn)閂iewBag事實(shí)上是ViewData的dynamic類型的包裝，所以Action代碼不用改，可以直接對(duì)ViewBag進(jìn)行測(cè)試：

   [TestMethod()]
    public void UserInfoTest()
    {
      var userService = new Mock<IUserService>();
      userService.Setup(s => s.Get(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns(new User()
      {
        Id = "x"
      }) ;

      var ctrl = new UserController(userService.Object);
      Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => {
        var result = ctrl.UserInfo(null);
      });
      Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => {
        var result = ctrl.UserInfo("");
      });

      var result = ctrl.UserInfo("1");
      Assert.IsNotNull(result);
      Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof(ViewResult));

      var vr = result as ViewResult;
      Assert.IsNotNull(vr.Model);
      Assert.IsInstanceOfType(vr.Model, typeof(User));
      var user = vr.Model as User;
      Assert.AreEqual("x", user.Id);

      Assert.IsTrue(vr.ViewData.ContainsKey("title"));
      var title = vr.ViewData["title"];
      Assert.AreEqual("user_info", title);
      //對(duì)viewBag進(jìn)行assert
      string title1 = ctrl.ViewBag.title;
      Assert.AreEqual("user_info", title1);
    }

設(shè)置HttpContext

我們編寫(xiě)Action的時(shí)候很多時(shí)候需要調(diào)用基類里的HttpContext，比如獲取Request對(duì)象，獲取Path，獲取Headers等等，所以有的時(shí)候需要自己實(shí)例化HttpContext以進(jìn)行測(cè)試。

  var ctrl = new AccountController();
  ctrl.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext();
  ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext = new DefaultHttpContext();

對(duì)HttpContext.SignInAsync進(jìn)行mock

我們使用ASP.NET Core框架進(jìn)行登錄認(rèn)證的時(shí)候，往往使用HttpContext.SignInAsync進(jìn)行認(rèn)證授權(quán)，所以單元測(cè)試的時(shí)候也需要進(jìn)行mock。下面是一個(gè)典型的登錄Action，對(duì)密碼進(jìn)行認(rèn)證后調(diào)用SignInAsync在客戶端生成登錄憑證，否則跳到登錄失敗頁(yè)面。

  public async Task<IActionResult> Login(string password)
    {
      if (password == "123")
      {
        var claims = new List<Claim>
        {
         new Claim("UserName","x")
        };
        var authProperties = new AuthenticationProperties
        {
        };
        var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(
         claims, CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
        await HttpContext.SignInAsync(
          CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme,
          new ClaimsPrincipal(claimsIdentity),
          authProperties);
        return Redirect("login_success");
      }

      return Redirect("login_fail");
    }

HttpContext.SignInAsync其實(shí)個(gè)時(shí)擴(kuò)展方法，SignInAsync其實(shí)最終是調(diào)用了IAuthenticationService里的SignInAsync方法。所以我們需要mock的就是IAuthenticationService接口，否者代碼走到HttpContext.SignInAsync會(huì)提示找不到IAuthenticationService的service。而IAuthenticationService本身是通過(guò)IServiceProvider注入到程序里的，所以同時(shí)需要mock接口IServiceProvider。

  [TestMethod()]
    public async Task LoginTest()
    {
      var ctrl = new AccountController();

      var authenticationService = new Mock<IAuthenticationService>();
      var sp = new Mock<IServiceProvider>();
      sp.Setup(s => s.GetService(typeof(IAuthenticationService)))
        .Returns(() => {
          return authenticationService.Object;
        });
      ctrl.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext();
      ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext = new DefaultHttpContext();
      ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext.RequestServices = sp.Object;

      var result = await ctrl.Login("123");
      Assert.IsNotNull(result);
      Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof(RedirectResult));
      var rr = result as RedirectResult;
      Assert.AreEqual("login_success", rr.Url);

      result = await ctrl.Login("1");
      Assert.IsNotNull(result);
      Assert.IsInstanceOfType(result, typeof(RedirectResult));
      rr = result as RedirectResult;
      Assert.AreEqual("login_fail", rr.Url);
    }

對(duì)HttpContext.AuthenticateAsync進(jìn)行mock

HttpContext.AuthenticateAsync同樣比較常用。這個(gè)擴(kuò)展方法同樣是在IAuthenticationService里，所以測(cè)試代碼跟上面的SignInAsync類似，只是需要對(duì)AuthenticateAsync繼續(xù)mock返回值success or fail。

   public async Task<IActionResult> Login()
    {
      if ((await HttpContext.AuthenticateAsync()).Succeeded)
      {
        return Redirect("/home");
      }

      return Redirect("/login");
    }

測(cè)試用例：

    [TestMethod()]
    public async Task LoginTest1()
    {
      var authenticationService = new Mock<IAuthenticationService>();
      //設(shè)置AuthenticateAsync為success
      authenticationService.Setup(s => s.AuthenticateAsync(It.IsAny<HttpContext>(), It.IsAny<string>()))
        .ReturnsAsync(AuthenticateResult.Success(new AuthenticationTicket(new System.Security.Claims.ClaimsPrincipal(), "")));
      var sp = new Mock<IServiceProvider>();
      sp.Setup(s => s.GetService(typeof(IAuthenticationService)))
        .Returns(() => {
          return authenticationService.Object;
        });

      var ctrl = new AccountController();
      ctrl.ControllerContext = new ControllerContext();
      ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext = new DefaultHttpContext();
      ctrl.ControllerContext.HttpContext.RequestServices = sp.Object;

      var act = await ctrl.Login();
      Assert.IsNotNull(act);
      Assert.IsInstanceOfType(act, typeof(RedirectResult));
      var rd = act as RedirectResult;
      Assert.AreEqual("/home", rd.Url);
      //設(shè)置AuthenticateAsync為fail
      authenticationService.Setup(s => s.AuthenticateAsync(It.IsAny<HttpContext>(), It.IsAny<string>()))
        .ReturnsAsync(AuthenticateResult.Fail(""));

      act = await ctrl.Login();
      Assert.IsNotNull(act);
      Assert.IsInstanceOfType(act, typeof(RedirectResult));
      rd = act as RedirectResult;
      Assert.AreEqual("/login", rd.Url);

    }

Filter進(jìn)行測(cè)試

我們寫(xiě)Controller的時(shí)候往往需要配合很多Filter使用，所以Filter的測(cè)試也很重要。下面演示下如何對(duì)Fitler進(jìn)行測(cè)試。

  public class MyFilter: ActionFilterAttribute
  {
    public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext context)
    {
      if (context.HttpContext.Request.Path.Value.Contains("/abc/"))
      {
        context.Result = new ContentResult() {
          Content = "拒絕訪問(wèn)"
        };
      }

      base.OnActionExecuting(context);
    }
  }

對(duì)Filter的測(cè)試最主要的是模擬ActionExecutingContext參數(shù)，以及其中的HttpContext等，然后對(duì)預(yù)期進(jìn)行Assert。

    [TestMethod()]
    public void OnActionExecutingTest()
    {
      var filter = new MyFilter();
      var actContext = new ActionContext(new DefaultHttpContext(),new RouteData(), new ActionDescriptor());
      actContext.HttpContext.Request.Path = "/abc/123";
      var listFilters = new List<IFilterMetadata>();
      var argDict = new Dictionary<string, object>();
      var actExContext = new ActionExecutingContext(
        actContext ,
        listFilters ,
        argDict ,
        new AccountController()
        );
       filter.OnActionExecuting(actExContext);

      Assert.IsNotNull(actExContext.Result);
      Assert.IsInstanceOfType(actExContext.Result, typeof(ContentResult));
      var cr = actExContext.Result as ContentResult;
      Assert.AreEqual("拒絕訪問(wèn)", cr.Content);

      actContext = new ActionContext(new DefaultHttpContext(), new RouteData(), new ActionDescriptor());
      actContext.HttpContext.Request.Path = "/1/123";
      listFilters = new List<IFilterMetadata>();
      argDict = new Dictionary<string, object>();
      actExContext = new ActionExecutingContext(
        actContext,
        listFilters,
        argDict,
        new AccountController()
        );
      filter.OnActionExecuting(actExContext);
      Assert.IsNull(actExContext.Result);
    }

總結(jié)

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