Java應(yīng)用服務(wù)器之tomcat部署的詳細(xì)教程

更新時(shí)間：2020年07月15日 09:30:50 作者：Linux-1874

這篇文章主要介紹了Java應(yīng)用服務(wù)器之tomcat部署,本文通過(guò)實(shí)例圖文相結(jié)合給大家介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或工作具有一定的參考借鑒價(jià)值，需要的朋友可以參考下

　　一、相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)介

　　首先我們來(lái)了解下tomcat是什么，tomcat是apache軟件基金會(huì)中的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，由apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及個(gè)人共同開(kāi)發(fā)而成。主要作用是提供servlet和jsp類(lèi)庫(kù)；tomcat是一個(gè)免費(fèi)開(kāi)源的web服務(wù)器，它和nginx、httpd服務(wù)不同的是，它不擅長(zhǎng)處理HTML代碼，更多的是處理JSP程序；有點(diǎn)類(lèi)似fpm服務(wù)專(zhuān)門(mén)處理php程序；

　　jdk：java開(kāi)發(fā)工具箱（Java Development Kit），主要提供java開(kāi)發(fā)相關(guān)工具包，庫(kù)文件以及jre和jvm相關(guān)組件，可以理解為java編程語(yǔ)言的一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)環(huán)境相關(guān)組件包和開(kāi)發(fā)公具相關(guān)組件。

　　jre：java運(yùn)行時(shí)環(huán)境（Java runtime environment），該軟件主要提供運(yùn)行Java程序的環(huán)境；我們可以理解jre就是jvm和一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)類(lèi)庫(kù)組成的一個(gè)Java程序運(yùn)行環(huán)境；

　　提示：從上面的圖可以了解到JDK包含JRE，JRE包含jvm；

　　jvm：Java虛擬機(jī)（Java virtual machine）主要作用是讓Java程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)跨平臺(tái)，我們可以理解Java虛擬機(jī)的作用就是在轉(zhuǎn)換不同操作系統(tǒng)底層的API；這樣一來(lái)Java程序員就直接面向jvm提供的API進(jìn)行編程，從而不用考慮其他操作系統(tǒng)底層API的不同；如下圖

　　提示：從上圖就可以了解到j(luò)vm的重要性，它可以實(shí)現(xiàn)程序員一次編碼，到處運(yùn)行，正是jvm解決了底層操作系統(tǒng)不同API問(wèn)題，使得java程序可以在任何具有jvm的設(shè)備上運(yùn)行；

　　二、JDK安裝

　　1、oracle jdk安裝

　　oracle jdk 是oracle官方提供的一個(gè)jdk，安裝我們可以直接去官方下載對(duì)應(yīng)版本的包，到本地服務(wù)器即可；官方下載地址https://www.oracle.com/cn/java/technologies/javase-downloads.html；

　　提示：我這里是提前下載好了的，上面官方地址還需要注冊(cè)挺麻煩的；下載好rpm ，然后直接使用yum安裝即可

[root@lxc java]# yum install ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Examining ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm: 2000:jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.x86_64
Marking ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package jdk1.8.x86_64 2000:1.8.0_211-fcs will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
 
Dependencies Resolved
 
====================================================================================================
 Package   Arch   Version      Repository      Size
====================================================================================================
Installing:
 jdk1.8   x86_64   2000:1.8.0_211-fcs    /jdk-8u211-linux-x64   297 M
 
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
 
Total size: 297 M
Installed size: 297 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 Installing : 2000:jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.x86_64             1/1
Unpacking JAR files...
  tools.jar...
  plugin.jar...
  javaws.jar...
  deploy.jar...
  rt.jar...
  jsse.jar...
  charsets.jar...
  localedata.jar...
 Verifying : 2000:jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.x86_64             1/1
 
Installed:
 jdk1.8.x86_64 2000:1.8.0_211-fcs                
Complete!
[root@lxc java]#

　　提示：當(dāng)然直接使用rpm -ivh 也是可以直接安裝的，這個(gè)jdk幾乎沒(méi)有依賴(lài)關(guān)系，所以可以直接通過(guò)rpm安裝；通常有依賴(lài)關(guān)系的包建議還是使用yum去解決依賴(lài)關(guān)系；

　　查看jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm生成的文件

[root@lxc java]# rpm -qpi ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm
warning: ./jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Name  : jdk1.8
Epoch  : 2000
Version  : 1.8.0_211
Release  : fcs
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: (not installed)
Group  : Development/Tools
Size  : 311820630
License  : https://java.com/bc_license
Signature : RSA/SHA256, Tue 02 Apr 2019 12:06:57 AM EDT, Key ID 72f97b74ec551f03
Source RPM : jdk1.8-1.8.0_211-fcs.src.rpm
Build Date : Mon 01 Apr 2019 11:55:52 PM EDT
Build Host : java.com
Relocations : /usr/java
Vendor  : Oracle Corporation
URL   : http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/overview/index.html
Summary  : Java Platform Standard Edition Development Kit
Description :
The Java Platform Standard Edition Development Kit (JDK) includes both
the runtime environment (Java virtual machine, the Java platform classes
and supporting files) and development tools (compilers, debuggers,
tool libraries and other tools).
 
The JDK is a development environment for building applications, applets
and components that can be deployed with the Java Platform Standard
Edition Runtime Environment.
[root@lxc java]# rpm -ql jdk1.8
/usr
/usr/java
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/.systemPrefs
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/.systemPrefs/.system.lock
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/.systemPrefs/.systemRootModFile
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/init.d
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/.java/init.d/jexec
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/COPYRIGHT
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/LICENSE
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/README.html
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin/ControlPanel
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin/appletviewer
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/bin/extcheck
……省略部分內(nèi)容

　　提示：下載好的rpm包安裝后，如果要查詢(xún)其對(duì)應(yīng)安裝了那些文件，我們首先要知道它的名稱(chēng)是什么，用rpm -qpi命令可以查看到對(duì)應(yīng)名稱(chēng)，然后我們?cè)偻ㄟ^(guò)rpm -ql查看對(duì)應(yīng)名稱(chēng)的軟件安裝生成了那些文件；從上面的信息可以看到j(luò)dk1.8生成的文件都在/usr/java/目錄下；

　　提示：從上面的截圖可以了解到在/usr/java/目錄下有兩個(gè)軟連接，default默認(rèn)指向了latest這個(gè)軟連接，latest軟連接指向了jdk1.8；這意味著jdk可以同時(shí)存在多個(gè)版本，我們只需要把對(duì)應(yīng)軟連接修改了即可更新到新的版本；這里需要提醒下，如果多版本并存的情況，我們可以使用alternatives工具來(lái)切換；

　　alternatives工具多版本相互切換

　　切換前，默認(rèn)使用1.8.0.211版本

[root@lxc java]# alternatives --config java
 
There is 1 program that provides 'java'.
 
 Selection Command
-----------------------------------------------
*+ 1   /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/jre/bin/java
 
Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 1
[root@lxc java]# alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java 2
[root@lxc java]# alternatives --config java
 
There are 2 programs which provide 'java'.
 
 Selection Command
-----------------------------------------------
*+ 1   /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/jre/bin/java
 2   /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java
 
Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 2
[root@lxc java]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_79"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode)
[root@lxc java]# alternatives --config java
 
There are 2 programs which provide 'java'.
 
 Selection Command
-----------------------------------------------
* 1   /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_211-amd64/jre/bin/java
 + 2   /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_79/bin/java
 
Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 1
[root@lxc java]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_211"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_211-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.211-b12, mixed mode)
[root@lxc java]#

　　提示：可以看到可以根據(jù)自己需要來(lái)回切換jdk的版本；到此oracle jdk的安裝就完成了；

　　2、openjdk安裝

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base                   | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 
docker-ce-stable                | 3.5 kB 00:00:00 
epel                   | 4.7 kB 00:00:00 
extras                  | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 
updates                  | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 
(1/4): epel/x86_64/updateinfo            | 1.0 MB 00:00:00 
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db           | 205 kB 00:00:00 
(3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db           | 3.0 MB 00:00:01 
(4/4): epel/x86_64/primary_db            | 6.8 MB 00:00:01 
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless(x86-64) = 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-fonts-Type1 for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjvm.so(SUNWprivate_1.1)(64bit) for package: 1:java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8.x86_64
……省略部分內(nèi)容
Installed:
 java-1.8.0-openjdk.x86_64 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8            
 
Dependency Installed:
 atk.x86_64 0:2.28.1-2.el7                  
 cairo.x86_64 0:1.15.12-4.el7                  
 copy-jdk-configs.noarch 0:3.3-10.el7_5               
 cups-libs.x86_64 1:1.6.3-43.el7                 
 fribidi.x86_64 0:1.0.2-1.el7_7.1                 
 gdk-pixbuf2.x86_64 0:2.36.12-3.el7                
 giflib.x86_64 0:4.1.6-9.el7                  
 graphite2.x86_64 0:1.3.10-1.el7_3                
 gtk-update-icon-cache.x86_64 0:3.22.30-5.el7              
 gtk2.x86_64 0:2.24.31-1.el7                  
 harfbuzz.x86_64 0:1.7.5-2.el7                 
 hicolor-icon-theme.noarch 0:0.12-7.el7               
 jasper-libs.x86_64 0:1.900.1-33.el7                
 java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless.x86_64 1:1.8.0.252.b09-2.el7_8          
 javapackages-tools.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7               
 jbigkit-libs.x86_64 0:2.0-11.el7                 
 libICE.x86_64 0:1.0.9-9.el7                  
 libSM.x86_64 0:1.2.2-2.el7                  
 libXcomposite.x86_64 0:0.4.4-4.1.el7                
 libXcursor.x86_64 0:1.1.15-1.el7                 
 libXdamage.x86_64 0:1.1.4-4.1.el7                
 libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.3-3.el7                  
 libXfixes.x86_64 0:5.0.3-1.el7                 
 libXft.x86_64 0:2.3.2-2.el7                  
 libXi.x86_64 0:1.7.9-1.el7                  
 libXinerama.x86_64 0:1.1.3-2.1.el7                
 libXrandr.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el7                 
 libXrender.x86_64 0:0.9.10-1.el7                 
 libXtst.x86_64 0:1.2.3-1.el7                  
 libXxf86vm.x86_64 0:1.1.4-1.el7                 
 libfontenc.x86_64 0:1.1.3-3.el7                 
 libglvnd.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7              
 libglvnd-egl.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7             
 libglvnd-glx.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7             
 libthai.x86_64 0:0.1.14-9.el7                 
 libtiff.x86_64 0:4.0.3-32.el7                 
 libwayland-client.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7               
 libwayland-server.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7               
 libxshmfence.x86_64 0:1.2-1.el7                 
 lksctp-tools.x86_64 0:1.0.17-2.el7                
 mesa-libEGL.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1               
 mesa-libGL.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1                
 mesa-libgbm.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1               
 mesa-libglapi.x86_64 0:18.3.4-7.el7_8.1               
 pango.x86_64 0:1.42.4-4.el7_7                 
 pcsc-lite-libs.x86_64 0:1.8.8-8.el7                
 pixman.x86_64 0:0.34.0-1.el7                  
 python-javapackages.noarch 0:3.4.1-11.el7              
 python-lxml.x86_64 0:3.2.1-4.el7                 
 ttmkfdir.x86_64 0:3.0.9-42.el7                 
 tzdata-java.noarch 0:2020a-1.el7                 
 xorg-x11-font-utils.x86_64 1:7.5-21.el7               
 xorg-x11-fonts-Type1.noarch 0:7.5-9.el7               
 
Dependency Updated:
 glib2.x86_64 0:2.56.1-5.el7      libdrm.x86_64 0:2.4.97-2.el7     
 
Complete!
[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　提示：安裝openjdk使用yum安裝需要注意命名，通常是java-版本號(hào)-openjdk；到此openjdk就安裝好了，后續(xù)的版本切換也可以使用alternatives命令來(lái)切換即可和oracle jdk使用沒(méi)有特別的不同；除了以上方式安裝，當(dāng)然我們也可以去下載二進(jìn)制包，直接展開(kāi)就可以，二進(jìn)制包安裝需要注意創(chuàng)建環(huán)境變量文件；好了安裝jdk就不過(guò)多闡述了；接下來(lái)我們就可以安裝tomcat了；

　　三、tomcat安裝

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum info tomcat
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Available Packages
Name  : tomcat
Arch  : noarch
Version  : 7.0.76
Release  : 12.el7_8
Size  : 92 k
Repo  : updates/7/x86_64
Summary  : Apache Servlet/JSP Engine, RI for Servlet 3.0/JSP 2.2 API
URL   : http://tomcat.apache.org/
License  : ASL 2.0
Description : Tomcat is the servlet container that is used in the official Reference
   : Implementation for the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technologies.
   : The Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages specifications are developed by
   : Sun under the Java Community Process.
   :
   : Tomcat is developed in an open and participatory environment and
   : released under the Apache Software License version 2.0. Tomcat is intended
   : to be a collaboration of the best-of-breed developers from around the world.
 
[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　提示：可以看到在updates倉(cāng)庫(kù)中有tomcat包，但是版本有點(diǎn)低，如果想要安裝新一點(diǎn)的包，可以去官網(wǎng)下載對(duì)應(yīng)包安裝即可；官網(wǎng)地址：http://tomcat.apache.org/；

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum install tomcat -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tomcat.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: tomcat-lib = 7.0.76-12.el7_8 for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-pool for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-logging for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-dbcp for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-daemon for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: apache-commons-collections for package: tomcat-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Running transaction check
……省略部分內(nèi)容
Installed:
 tomcat.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8                 
 
Dependency Installed:
 apache-commons-collections.noarch 0:3.2.1-22.el7_2            
 apache-commons-daemon.x86_64 0:1.0.13-7.el7              
 apache-commons-dbcp.noarch 0:1.4-17.el7               
 apache-commons-logging.noarch 0:1.1.2-7.el7              
 apache-commons-pool.noarch 0:1.6-9.el7               
 avalon-framework.noarch 0:4.3-10.el7                
 avalon-logkit.noarch 0:2.1-14.el7                
 ecj.x86_64 1:4.5.2-3.el7                   
 geronimo-jms.noarch 0:1.1.1-19.el7                
 geronimo-jta.noarch 0:1.1.1-17.el7                
 javamail.noarch 0:1.4.6-8.el7                 
 log4j.noarch 0:1.2.17-16.el7_4                 
 tomcat-el-2.2-api.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8              
 tomcat-jsp-2.2-api.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8              
 tomcat-lib.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8                
 tomcat-servlet-3.0-api.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8             
 xalan-j2.noarch 0:2.7.1-23.el7                 
 xerces-j2.noarch 0:2.11.0-17.el7_0                
 xml-commons-apis.noarch 0:1.4.01-16.el7               
 xml-commons-resolver.noarch 0:1.2-15.el7               
Complete!
[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　查看tomcat包安裝所生成的文件

[root@docker_node01 ~]# rpm -ql tomcat
/etc/logrotate.d/tomcat
/etc/sysconfig/tomcat
/etc/tomcat
/etc/tomcat/Catalina
/etc/tomcat/Catalina/localhost
/etc/tomcat/catalina.policy
/etc/tomcat/catalina.properties
/etc/tomcat/conf.d
/etc/tomcat/conf.d/README
/etc/tomcat/context.xml
/etc/tomcat/log4j.properties
/etc/tomcat/logging.properties
/etc/tomcat/server.xml
/etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml
/etc/tomcat/tomcat.conf
/etc/tomcat/web.xml
/usr/bin/tomcat-digest
/usr/bin/tomcat-tool-wrapper
/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat@.service
/usr/libexec/tomcat
/usr/libexec/tomcat/functions
/usr/libexec/tomcat/preamble
/usr/libexec/tomcat/server
/usr/sbin/tomcat
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76/NOTICE
/usr/share/doc/tomcat-7.0.76/RELEASE-NOTES
/usr/share/tomcat
/usr/share/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar
/usr/share/tomcat/bin/catalina-tasks.xml
/usr/share/tomcat/conf
/usr/share/tomcat/lib
/usr/share/tomcat/logs
/usr/share/tomcat/temp
/usr/share/tomcat/webapps
/usr/share/tomcat/work
/var/cache/tomcat
/var/cache/tomcat/temp
/var/cache/tomcat/work
/var/lib/tomcat
/var/lib/tomcat/webapps
/var/lib/tomcats
/var/log/tomcat
/var/log/tomcat/catalina.out
[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　提示：/etc/tomcat/是tomcat的配置文件目錄，存放tomcat配置相關(guān)文件；/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service是tomcat的unit file啟動(dòng)腳本；/var/log/tomcat/catalina.out是tomcat的日志文件；

　　啟動(dòng)tomcat

　　提示：tomcat默認(rèn)監(jiān)聽(tīng)在tcp的8080端口；

　　測(cè)試：用瀏覽器訪問(wèn)對(duì)應(yīng)服務(wù)器上的8080端口，看看是否訪問(wèn)到tomcat的默認(rèn)提供的頁(yè)面？

　　提示：可以看到用瀏覽器展示訪問(wèn)不到對(duì)應(yīng)頁(yè)面，提示我們404；這說(shuō)明我們?cè)L問(wèn)的頁(yè)面不存在，原因是我們只安裝了tomcat的程序包，并沒(méi)有安裝任何webapp，所以對(duì)應(yīng)目錄下都沒(méi)有頁(yè)面存在，所以我們現(xiàn)在訪問(wèn)提示我們404；

　　提示：對(duì)應(yīng)目錄下并沒(méi)有任何的頁(yè)面，所以我們?cè)L問(wèn)時(shí)訪問(wèn)不到的；

　　安裝tomcat-webapps、tomcat-docs-webapp 、tomcat-admin-webapps

[root@docker_node01 ~]# yum install -y tomcat-webapps tomcat-admin-webapps tomcat-docs-webapp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tomcat-admin-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed
---> Package tomcat-docs-webapp.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed
---> Package tomcat-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: jakarta-taglibs-standard >= 1.1 for package: tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package jakarta-taglibs-standard.noarch 0:1.1.2-14.el7_1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
 
Dependencies Resolved
 
====================================================================================================
 Package       Arch   Version     Repository  Size
====================================================================================================
Installing:
 tomcat-admin-webapps    noarch   7.0.76-12.el7_8   updates   40 k
 tomcat-docs-webapp    noarch   7.0.76-12.el7_8   updates   721 k
 tomcat-webapps     noarch   7.0.76-12.el7_8   updates   341 k
Installing for dependencies:
 jakarta-taglibs-standard   noarch   1.1.2-14.el7_1   base    303 k
 
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================
Install 3 Packages (+1 Dependent package)
 
Total download size: 1.4 M
Installed size: 5.4 M
Downloading packages:
(1/4): jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2-14.el7_1.noarch.rpm     | 303 kB 00:00:00 
(2/4): tomcat-admin-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch.rpm      | 40 kB 00:00:00 
(3/4): tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch.rpm        | 341 kB 00:00:00 
(4/4): tomcat-docs-webapp-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch.rpm       | 721 kB 00:00:00 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                2.7 MB/s | 1.4 MB 00:00:00 
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
 Installing : jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2-14.el7_1.noarch         1/4
 Installing : tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch           2/4
 Installing : tomcat-docs-webapp-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch          3/4
 Installing : tomcat-admin-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch          4/4
 Verifying : tomcat-admin-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch          1/4
 Verifying : jakarta-taglibs-standard-1.1.2-14.el7_1.noarch         2/4
 Verifying : tomcat-webapps-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch           3/4
 Verifying : tomcat-docs-webapp-7.0.76-12.el7_8.noarch          4/4
 
Installed:
 tomcat-admin-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8  tomcat-docs-webapp.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8 
 tomcat-webapps.noarch 0:7.0.76-12.el7_8   
 
Dependency Installed:
 jakarta-taglibs-standard.noarch 0:1.1.2-14.el7_1             
 
Complete!
[root@docker_node01 ~]#

　　查看/usr/shar/tomcat/webapps/下是否有文件？

　　提示：可以看到在/usr/share/tomcat/webapps/下已經(jīng)有文件生成了，接下來(lái)我們?cè)儆脼g覽器訪問(wèn)下8080端口，看看是否能夠訪問(wèn)到頁(yè)面呢？

　　提示：可以看到我們能夠正常訪問(wèn)到頁(yè)面，說(shuō)明tomcat環(huán)境搭建已經(jīng)完成；后續(xù)我們就可以把java開(kāi)發(fā)的一些jsp程序部署到tomcat上使用了；

　　官方下載tomcat部署

[root@lxc java]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.57/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz
--2020-07-14 13:09:04-- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.57/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz
Resolving mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)... 101.6.8.193, 2402:f000:1:408:8100::1
Connecting to mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)|101.6.8.193|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 10379806 (9.9M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘a(chǎn)pache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz'
 
100%[==========================================================>] 10,379,806 1.90MB/s in 5.2s 
 
2020-07-14 13:09:10 (1.90 MB/s) - ‘a(chǎn)pache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz' saved [10379806/10379806]
 
[root@lxc java]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz jdk-7u79-linux-x64.rpm jdk-8u211-linux-x64.rpm
[root@lxc java]#

　　提示：官方默認(rèn)只提供了二進(jìn)制包和源碼包，沒(méi)有rpm包，所以我們下載二進(jìn)制包解壓到對(duì)應(yīng)目錄即可；

[root@lxc java]# mkdir /usr/share/tomcat
[root@lxc java]# tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.57.tar.gz -C /usr/share/tomcat
[root@lxc java]# cd /usr/share/tomcat
[root@lxc tomcat]# ls
apache-tomcat-8.5.57
[root@lxc tomcat]#

　　創(chuàng)建軟連接

[root@lxc tomcat]# ln -s apache-tomcat-8.5.57 tomcat
[root@lxc tomcat]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 220 Jul 14 13:10 apache-tomcat-8.5.57
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Jul 14 13:12 tomcat -> apache-tomcat-8.5.57
[root@lxc tomcat]#

　　創(chuàng)建tomcat用戶(hù)

[root@lxc tomcat]# useradd -r tomcat
[root@lxc tomcat]# getent passwd tomcat
tomcat:x:996:992::/home/tomcat:/bin/bash
[root@lxc tomcat]#

　　更改/usr/share/tomcat/tomcat屬主/組權(quán)限為tomcat

[root@lxc tomcat]# ll
total 124
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Jul 14 13:10 bin
-rw-r----- 1 root root 19318 Jun 30 17:53 BUILDING.txt
drwx------ 2 root root 238 Jun 30 17:53 conf
-rw-r----- 1 root root 5408 Jun 30 17:53 CONTRIBUTING.md
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Jul 14 13:10 lib
-rw-r----- 1 root root 57011 Jun 30 17:53 LICENSE
drwxr-x--- 2 root root  6 Jun 30 17:49 logs
-rw-r----- 1 root root 1726 Jun 30 17:53 NOTICE
-rw-r----- 1 root root 3255 Jun 30 17:53 README.md
-rw-r----- 1 root root 7136 Jun 30 17:53 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r----- 1 root root 16262 Jun 30 17:53 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 30 Jul 14 13:10 temp
drwxr-x--- 7 root root 81 Jun 30 17:50 webapps
drwxr-x--- 2 root root  6 Jun 30 17:49 work
[root@lxc tomcat]# chown -R tomcat:tomcat ./*
[root@lxc tomcat]# ll
total 124
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat 4096 Jul 14 13:10 bin
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 19318 Jun 30 17:53 BUILDING.txt
drwx------ 2 tomcat tomcat 238 Jun 30 17:53 conf
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 5408 Jun 30 17:53 CONTRIBUTING.md
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat 4096 Jul 14 13:10 lib
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 57011 Jun 30 17:53 LICENSE
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat  6 Jun 30 17:49 logs
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 1726 Jun 30 17:53 NOTICE
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 3255 Jun 30 17:53 README.md
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 7136 Jun 30 17:53 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r----- 1 tomcat tomcat 16262 Jun 30 17:53 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat 30 Jul 14 13:10 temp
drwxr-x--- 7 tomcat tomcat 81 Jun 30 17:50 webapps
drwxr-x--- 2 tomcat tomcat  6 Jun 30 17:49 work
[root@lxc tomcat]#

　　添加環(huán)境變量

[root@lxc tomcat]# cat /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
CATALINA_BASE=/usr/share/tomcat/tomcat
PATH=$CATALINA_BASE/bin:$PATH
export CATALINA_BASE PATH
[root@lxc tomcat]#

　　切換tomcat用戶(hù)啟動(dòng)tomcat

[root@lxc tomcat]# su - tomcat
Last login: Tue Jul 14 13:26:15 EDT 2020 on pts/0
su: warning: cannot change directory to /home/tomcat: No such file or directory
-bash-4.2$ catalina.sh --help
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:  /
Using CLASSPATH:  /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )
commands:
 debug    Start Catalina in a debugger
 debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager
 jpda start  Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
 run    Start Catalina in the current window
 run -security  Start in the current window with security manager
 start    Start Catalina in a separate window
 start -security Start in a separate window with security manager
 stop    Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end
 stop n   Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end
 stop -force  Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running
 stop n -force  Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running
 configtest  Run a basic syntax check on server.xml - check exit code for result
 version   What version of tomcat are you running?
Note: Waiting for the process to end and use of the -force option require that $CATALINA_PID is defined
-bash-4.2$ catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:  /
Using CLASSPATH:  /usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
-bash-4.2$ ss -tnl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q  Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port    
LISTEN  0  128     *:6033        *:*     
LISTEN  0  128     *:22         *:*     
LISTEN  0  100   127.0.0.1:25         *:*     
LISTEN  0  128     *:3306        *:*     
LISTEN  0  128     *:3306        *:*     
LISTEN  0  128     *:3306        *:*     
LISTEN  0  128     *:3306        *:*     
LISTEN  0  100     :::8080        :::*     
LISTEN  0  128     :::22        :::*     
LISTEN  0  100     ::1:25        :::*     
LISTEN  0  1  ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005        :::*     
LISTEN  0  128     :::2377        :::*     
LISTEN  0  128     :::7946        :::*     
-bash-4.2$

　　提示：?jiǎn)?dòng)tomcat要使用內(nèi)部的shell腳本catalina.sh 來(lái)啟動(dòng)；當(dāng)然startup.sh也是可以的；可以看到8080端口已經(jīng)處于監(jiān)聽(tīng)的狀態(tài)，接下來(lái)我們用瀏覽器嘗試訪問(wèn)下，看看是否能夠訪問(wèn)到頁(yè)面？

　　提示：可以看到tomcat提供的頁(yè)面我們是能夠正常訪問(wèn)，說(shuō)明我們安裝部署的tomcat環(huán)境就準(zhǔn)備就緒了；到此tomcat環(huán)境安裝就部署完畢了；總結(jié)一點(diǎn)，部署tomcat環(huán)境，首先要安裝jdk，因?yàn)閠omcat本身就是java語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)，我們要在服務(wù)器上安裝好java程序運(yùn)行環(huán)境和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)類(lèi)庫(kù)等組件，tomcat才可以服務(wù)器上正常的運(yùn)行起來(lái)；其實(shí)從上面的演示我們大概也能知道tomcat就是為Java jsp程序提供一個(gè)運(yùn)行環(huán)境，后續(xù)的jsp代碼主要就是在tomcat上運(yùn)行，而非jdk上；jdk是運(yùn)行Java程序（tomcat）而必須有的組件；后續(xù)本人會(huì)持續(xù)更新有關(guān)tomcat配置使用相關(guān)的話(huà)題，感興趣的同學(xué)可以關(guān)注關(guān)注；

總結(jié)

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