ASP.NET Core 奇技淫巧之接口代理轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的實現(xiàn)
前言
先講講本文的開發(fā)背景吧..
在如今前后端分離的大背景下,咱的客戶又有要求啦~
要前后端分離~ 然因為種種原因..沒辦法用用純前端的框架(其實是學(xué)習(xí)成本高,又沒錢請前端開發(fā)人員)...
所以最終決定了一種方案..
那就是采用MVC(只處理前端視圖層,單純是為了托管在.net core上)+Webapi的方式來實現(xiàn)前后端分離(講真,很奇葩)..
那么問題就隨之而來了.
現(xiàn)在主流的前端框架都是托管在nodejs上,是通過axios來訪問后端API,可以通過配置axios的代理配置(proxyTable)來實現(xiàn)跨域訪問.
那么我們的JS運行在MVC上,托管在.net core上..那咋辦呢?..沒有現(xiàn)成的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)輪子..我們只有自己造了..
所以這就是本篇的背景 - -.~
正文
幸運的是ASP.NET Core 給我們提供了強大的中間件模式.
我們完全可以通過定義一個轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)中間件的形式來實現(xiàn)代理接口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),流程如圖:
廢話不多說,我們來創(chuàng)建我們的中間件:
一.創(chuàng)建檢測約定URL的接口與實現(xiàn)
首先定義一個接口IUrlRewriter 用來檢測我們的URL是否有對應(yīng)前綴,如果有,則產(chǎn)生新的URL地址:
這里我們定義接口是為了方便以后更好的更換注入類來實現(xiàn)快速更換檢測前綴的規(guī)則.
public interface IUrlRewriter { Task<Uri> RewriteUri(HttpContext context); }
實現(xiàn)這個接口,如下(解釋都在注釋里了):
public class PrefixRewriter : IUrlRewriter { private readonly PathString _prefix; //前綴值 private readonly string _newHost; //轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的地址 public PrefixRewriter(PathString prefix, string newHost) { _prefix = prefix; _newHost = newHost; } public Task<Uri> RewriteUri(HttpContext context) { if (context.Request.Path.StartsWithSegments(_prefix))//判斷訪問是否含有前綴 { var newUri = context.Request.Path.Value.Remove(0, _prefix.Value.Length) + context.Request.QueryString; var targetUri = new Uri(_newHost + newUri); return Task.FromResult(targetUri); } return Task.FromResult((Uri)null); } }
二.創(chuàng)建代理轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)需要的ProxyHttpClient
創(chuàng)建獨立的ProxyHttpClient,主要是為了區(qū)分代理轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的httpClient,方便后期添加日志或做別的處理.代碼如下:
public class ProxyHttpClient { public HttpClient Client { get; private set; } public ProxyHttpClient(HttpClient httpClient) { Client = httpClient; } }
三.創(chuàng)建代理轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的中間件
代碼如下,中間件嘛,主要就是Invoke方法了,說明可以看注釋.
public class ProxyMiddleware { // private ProxyHttpClient _proxyHttpClient; private const string CDN_HEADER_NAME = "Cache-Control"; private static readonly string[] NotForwardedHttpHeaders = new[] { "Connection", "Host" }; private readonly RequestDelegate _next; private readonly ILogger<ProxyMiddleware> _logger; public ProxyMiddleware( RequestDelegate next, ILogger<ProxyMiddleware> logger ) { _next = next; _logger = logger; //_proxyHttpClient = proxyHttpClient; } /// <summary> /// 通過中間件,攔截訪問,檢測前綴,并轉(zhuǎn)發(fā) /// </summary> /// <param name="context"></param> /// <param name="urlRewriter"></param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context, IUrlRewriter urlRewriter, ProxyHttpClient proxyHttpClient) { var targetUri = await urlRewriter.RewriteUri(context); if (targetUri != null) { var requestMessage = GenerateProxifiedRequest(context, targetUri); await SendAsync(context, requestMessage, proxyHttpClient); return; } await _next(context); } private async Task SendAsync(HttpContext context, HttpRequestMessage requestMessage, ProxyHttpClient proxyHttpClient) { using (var responseMessage = await proxyHttpClient.Client.SendAsync(requestMessage, HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead, context.RequestAborted)) { context.Response.StatusCode = (int)responseMessage.StatusCode; foreach (var header in responseMessage.Headers) { context.Response.Headers[header.Key] = header.Value.ToArray(); } foreach (var header in responseMessage.Content.Headers) { context.Response.Headers[header.Key] = header.Value.ToArray(); } context.Response.Headers.Remove("transfer-encoding"); if (!context.Response.Headers.ContainsKey(CDN_HEADER_NAME)) { context.Response.Headers.Add(CDN_HEADER_NAME, "no-cache, no-store"); } await responseMessage.Content.CopyToAsync(context.Response.Body); } } private static HttpRequestMessage GenerateProxifiedRequest(HttpContext context, Uri targetUri) { var requestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(); CopyRequestContentAndHeaders(context, requestMessage); requestMessage.RequestUri = targetUri; requestMessage.Headers.Host = targetUri.Host; requestMessage.Method = GetMethod(context.Request.Method); return requestMessage; } private static void CopyRequestContentAndHeaders(HttpContext context, HttpRequestMessage requestMessage) { var requestMethod = context.Request.Method; if (!HttpMethods.IsGet(requestMethod) && !HttpMethods.IsHead(requestMethod) && !HttpMethods.IsDelete(requestMethod) && !HttpMethods.IsTrace(requestMethod)) { var streamContent = new StreamContent(context.Request.Body); requestMessage.Content = streamContent; } foreach (var header in context.Request.Headers) { if (!NotForwardedHttpHeaders.Contains(header.Key)) { if (header.Key != "User-Agent") { if (!requestMessage.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation(header.Key, header.Value.ToArray()) && requestMessage.Content != null) { requestMessage.Content?.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation(header.Key, header.Value.ToArray()); } } else { string userAgent = header.Value.Count > 0 ? (header.Value[0] + " " + context.TraceIdentifier) : string.Empty; if (!requestMessage.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation(header.Key, userAgent) && requestMessage.Content != null) { requestMessage.Content?.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation(header.Key, userAgent); } } } } } private static HttpMethod GetMethod(string method) { if (HttpMethods.IsDelete(method)) return HttpMethod.Delete; if (HttpMethods.IsGet(method)) return HttpMethod.Get; if (HttpMethods.IsHead(method)) return HttpMethod.Head; if (HttpMethods.IsOptions(method)) return HttpMethod.Options; if (HttpMethods.IsPost(method)) return HttpMethod.Post; if (HttpMethods.IsPut(method)) return HttpMethod.Put; if (HttpMethods.IsTrace(method)) return HttpMethod.Trace; return new HttpMethod(method); }
四.注入和啟用我們的中間件和ProxyHttpClient
我們在Startup的ConfigureServices中添加如下代碼,注入我們的HttpClient與IUrlRewriter,如下:
services.AddHttpClient<ProxyHttpClient>() .ConfigurePrimaryHttpMessageHandler(x => new HttpClientHandler() { AllowAutoRedirect = false, MaxConnectionsPerServer = int.MaxValue, UseCookies = false, }); //注入我們定義的HttpClient services.AddSingleton<IUrlRewriter>(new PrefixRewriter("/webapp", "http://localhost:63445"));//這里填寫前綴與需要轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的地址
然后在Startup的Configure中,啟動我們的中間件,如下:
app.UseMiddleware<ProxyMiddleware>();
五.測試中間件效果
我們編寫前端代碼如下:
created: function () { this.mockTableData1(); axios.get("/webapp/api/values/get", "123").then(res => { alert(res.data[0]) }); axios.post("/webapp/api/values/post",{value: 'david'}).then(res => { alert(res.data.message) }); }
在另外的WebApi項目,編寫接口如下:
[HttpGet] public ActionResult<IEnumerable<string>> Get() { return new string[] { "value1", accstring.ToString() }; } [HttpPost] public AjaxResult Post(dynamic value) { string aaa = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(value); return Success("OK"); }
效果如下,可以看到我們的視圖正確的獲取到了返回值:
寫在最后
這里我們通過中間件的形式實現(xiàn)了接口的代理轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),在具體的使用過程中肯定還會有一些小問題,而且這里我們只實現(xiàn)了Http的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā).ws的則沒有.
如果要使用的話,其實國外有一個開源的項目:https://github.com/ProxyKit, 已經(jīng)有900多個star了.應(yīng)該還不錯.
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