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C# 利用Selenium實(shí)現(xiàn)瀏覽器自動(dòng)化操作的示例代碼

更新時(shí)間：2020年09月10日 15:07:05 作者：Alan.hsiang

這篇文章主要介紹了C# 利用Selenium實(shí)現(xiàn)瀏覽器自動(dòng)化操作，幫助大家更好的理解和使用c#，感興趣的朋友可以了解下

概述

Selenium是一款免費(fèi)的分布式的自動(dòng)化測(cè)試工具，支持多種開發(fā)語言，無論是C、 java、ruby、python、或是C# ，你都可以通過selenium完成自動(dòng)化測(cè)試。本文以一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的小例子，簡(jiǎn)述C# 利用Selenium進(jìn)行瀏覽器的模擬操作，僅供學(xué)習(xí)分享使用，如有不足之處，還請(qǐng)指正。

涉及知識(shí)點(diǎn)

要實(shí)現(xiàn)本例的功能，除了要掌握Html ，JavaScript，CSS等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，還涉及以下知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

log4net：主要用于日志的記錄和存儲(chǔ)，本例采用log4net進(jìn)行日志記錄，便于過程跟蹤和問題排查，關(guān)于log4net的配置和介紹，之前已有說明，本文不做贅述。
Queue：隊(duì)列，先進(jìn)先出模式，本文主要用于將日志信息保存于隊(duì)列中，然后再顯示到頁面上，其中Enqueue用于添加內(nèi)容到結(jié)尾處，Dequeue用于返回并移除一個(gè)位置的對(duì)象。
IWebDriver：瀏覽器驅(qū)動(dòng)接口，所有的關(guān)于瀏覽器的操作都可以通過此接口進(jìn)行，不同瀏覽器有不同的實(shí)現(xiàn)類，如：IE瀏覽器（InternetExplorerDriver）Chrome瀏覽器（ChromeDriver）等。
BackgroundWorker：后臺(tái)工作線程，區(qū)別于主線程，通過事件觸發(fā)不同的狀態(tài)。

Selenium安裝

本例開發(fā)工具為VS2019，通過NuGet進(jìn)行需要的軟件包的安裝與管理，如下所示：

示例效果圖

本例采用Chrome瀏覽器，用于監(jiān)控某一個(gè)網(wǎng)站并獲取相應(yīng)內(nèi)容，如下所示：

Selenium示例介紹

定義一個(gè)webDriver，如下所示：

//谷歌瀏覽器
 ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
 this.driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

通過ID獲取元素并填充內(nèi)容和觸發(fā)事件，如下所示：

this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("email")).SendKeys(username);
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("password")).SendKeys(password);
 //# 7. 點(diǎn)擊登錄按鈕
this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("sign-in")).Click();

通過XPath獲取元素，如下所示：

string xpath1 = "http://div[@class=\"product-list\"]/div[@class=\"product\"]/div[@class=\"price-and-detail\"]/div[@class=\"price\"]/span[@class=\"noStock\"]";
string txt = this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath1)).Text;

核心代碼

主要的核心代碼，就是瀏覽器的元素定位查找和事件觸發(fā)，如下所示：

using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.IE;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace AiSmoking.Core
{
  public class Smoking
  {
    /// <summary>
    /// 是否正在運(yùn)行
    /// </summary>
    private bool running = false;

    /// <summary>
    /// 驅(qū)動(dòng)
    /// </summary>
    private IWebDriver driver = null;


    /// <summary>
    /// # 無貨
    /// </summary>
    private string no_stock = "Currently Out of Stock";


    /// <summary>
    ///  # 線程等待秒數(shù)
    /// </summary>
    private int wait_sec = 2;

    private Dictionary<string, string> cfg_info;

    private string work_path = string.Empty;

    /// <summary>
    /// 構(gòu)造函數(shù)
    /// </summary>
    public Smoking()
    {

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 帶參構(gòu)造函數(shù)
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="cfg_info"></param>
    /// <param name="work_path"></param>
    public Smoking(Dictionary<string, string> cfg_info,string work_path)
    {
      this.cfg_info = cfg_info;
      this.work_path = work_path;
      this.wait_sec = int.Parse(cfg_info["wait_sec"]);
      //# 如果小于2，則等于2
      this.wait_sec = (this.wait_sec < 2 ? 2 : this.wait_sec);
      this.wait_sec = this.wait_sec * 1000;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 開始跑
    /// </summary>
    public void startRun()
    {
      //"""運(yùn)行起來"""
      try
      {
        this.running = true;
        string url = this.cfg_info["url"];
        string username = this.cfg_info["username"];
        string password = this.cfg_info["password"];
        string item_id = this.cfg_info["item_id"];
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(url) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(password) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(item_id))
        {
          LogHelper.put("配置信息不全，請(qǐng)檢查config.cfg文件是否為空，然后再重啟");
          return;
        }
        if (this.driver == null)
        {
          string explorer = this.cfg_info["explorer"];
          if (explorer == "Chrome")
          {
            //谷歌瀏覽器
            ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
            this.driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
          }
          else
          {
            //默認(rèn)IE
            var options = new InternetExplorerOptions();
            //options.AddAdditionalCapability.('encoding=UTF-8')
            //options.add_argument('Accept= text / css, * / *')
            //options.add_argument('Accept - Language= zh - Hans - CN, zh - Hans;q = 0.5')
            //options.add_argument('Accept - Encoding= gzip, deflate')
            //options.add_argument('user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko')
            //# 2. 定義瀏覽器驅(qū)動(dòng)對(duì)象
            this.driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(options);
          }
        }
        this.run(url, username, password, item_id);
      }
      catch (Exception e)
      {
        LogHelper.put("運(yùn)行過程中出錯(cuò)，請(qǐng)重新打開再試"+e.StackTrace);
      }
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// 運(yùn)行
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="url"></param>
    /// <param name="username"></param>
    /// <param name="password"></param>
    /// <param name="item_id"></param>
    private void run(string url, string username, string password, string item_id)
    {
      //"""運(yùn)行起來"""
      //# 3. 訪問網(wǎng)站
      this.driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(url);
      //# 4. 最大化窗口
      this.driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();
      if (this.checkIsExists(By.LinkText("賬戶登錄")))
      {
        //# 判斷是否登錄：未登錄
        this.login(username, password);
      }
      if (this.checkIsExists(By.PartialLinkText("歡迎回來")))
      {
        //# 判斷是否登錄：已登錄
        LogHelper.put("登錄成功，下一步開始工作了");
        this.working(item_id);
      }
      else
      {
        LogHelper.put("登錄失敗，請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)置賬號(hào)密碼");
      }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 停止運(yùn)行
    /// </summary>
    public void stopRun()
    {
      //"""停止"""
      try
      {
        this.running = false;
        //# 如果驅(qū)動(dòng)不為空，則關(guān)閉
        //self.close_browser_nicely(self.__driver)
        if (this.driver != null)
        {
          this.driver.Quit();
          //# 關(guān)閉后切要為None，否則啟動(dòng)報(bào)錯(cuò)
          this.driver = null;
        }
      }
      catch (Exception e)
      {
        //print('Stop Failure')
      }
      finally
      {
        this.driver = null;
      }
    }


    private void login(string username, string password)
    {
      //# 5. 點(diǎn)擊鏈接跳轉(zhuǎn)到登錄頁面
      this.driver.FindElement(By.LinkText("賬戶登錄")).Click();
      //# 6. 輸入賬號(hào)密碼
      //# 判斷是否加載完成
      if (this.checkIsExists(By.Id("email")))
      {
        this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("email")).SendKeys(username);
        this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("password")).SendKeys(password);
        //# 7. 點(diǎn)擊登錄按鈕
        this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("sign-in")).Click();
      }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 工作狀態(tài)
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="item_id"></param>
    private void working(string item_id)
    {
      while (this.running)
      {
        try
        {
          //# 正常獲取信息
          if (this.checkIsExists(By.Id("string")))
          {
            this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("string")).Clear();
            this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("string")).SendKeys(item_id);
            this.driver.FindElement(By.Id("string")).SendKeys(Keys.Enter);
          }
          //# 判斷是否查詢到商品
          string xpath = "http://div[@class=\"specialty-header search\"]/div[@class=\"specialty-description\"]/div[@class=\"gt-450\"]/span[2] ";
          if (this.checkIsExists(By.XPath(xpath)))
          {
            int count = int.Parse(this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath)).Text);
            if (count < 1)
            {
              Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
              LogHelper.put("沒有查詢到item id =" + item_id + "對(duì)應(yīng)的信息");
              continue;
            }
          }
          else
          {
            Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
            LogHelper.put("沒有查詢到item id2 =" + item_id + "對(duì)應(yīng)的信息");
            continue;
          }
          //# 判斷當(dāng)前庫存是否有貨

          string xpath1 = "http://div[@class=\"product-list\"]/div[@class=\"product\"]/div[@class=\"price-and-detail\"]/div[@class=\"price\"]/span[@class=\"noStock\"]";
          if (this.checkIsExists(By.XPath(xpath1)))
          {
            string txt = this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath1)).Text;
            if (txt == this.no_stock)
            {
              //# 當(dāng)前無貨
              Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
              LogHelper.put("查詢一次" + item_id + "，無貨");
              continue;
            }
          }
          //# 鏈接path1
          string xpath2 = "http://div[@class=\"product-list\"]/div[@class=\"product\"]/div[@class=\"imgDiv\"]/a";
          //# 判斷是否加載完畢
          //# this.waiting((By.CLASS_NAME, "imgDiv"))
          if (this.checkIsExists(By.XPath(xpath2)))
          {
            this.driver.FindElement(By.XPath(xpath2)).Click();
            Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
            //# 加入購物車
            if (this.checkIsExists(By.ClassName("add-to-cart")))
            {
              this.driver.FindElement(By.ClassName("add-to-cart")).Click();
              LogHelper.put("加入購物車成功，商品item-id:" + item_id);
              break;
            }
            else
            {
              LogHelper.put("未找到加入購物車按鈕");
            }
          }
          else
          {
            LogHelper.put("沒有查詢到，可能是商品編碼不對(duì)，或者已下架");
          }
          Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
          Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
          LogHelper.put(e);
        }
      }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 判斷是否存在
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="by"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private bool checkIsExists(By by)
    {
      try
      {
        int i = 0;
        while (this.running && i < 3)
        {
          if (this.driver.FindElements(by).Count > 0)
          {
            break;
          }
          else
          {
            Thread.Sleep(this.wait_sec);
            i = i + 1;
          }
        }
        return this.driver.FindElements(by).Count > 0;
      }
      catch (Exception e)
      {
        LogHelper.put(e);
        return false;
      }
    }

  }
}

關(guān)于日志幫助類，代碼如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using log4net;

[assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(Watch = true)]
namespace AiSmoking.Core
{
  /// <summary>
  /// 日志幫助類
  /// </summary>
  public static class LogHelper
  {
    /// <summary>
    /// 日志實(shí)例
    /// </summary>
    private static ILog logInstance = LogManager.GetLogger("smoking");

    private static Queue<string> queue = new Queue<string>(2000);

    public static void put(string msg)
    {
      queue.Enqueue(msg);
      WriteLog(msg, LogLevel.Info);
    }

    public static void put(Exception ex)
    {
      WriteLog(ex.StackTrace, LogLevel.Error);
    }

    public static string get()
    {
      if (queue.Count > 0)
      {
        return queue.Dequeue();
      }
      else
      {
        return string.Empty;
      }
    }

    public static void WriteLog(string message, LogLevel level)
    {
      switch (level)
      {
        case LogLevel.Debug:
          logInstance.Debug(message);
          break;
        case LogLevel.Error:
          logInstance.Error(message);
          break;
        case LogLevel.Fatal:
          logInstance.Fatal(message);
          break;
        case LogLevel.Info:
          logInstance.Info(message);
          break;
        case LogLevel.Warn:
          logInstance.Warn(message);
          break;
        default:
          logInstance.Info(message);
          break;
      }
    }


  }


  public enum LogLevel
  {
    Debug = 0,
    Error = 1,
    Fatal = 2,
    Info = 3,
    Warn = 4
  }
}