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ASP.NET Core 實現(xiàn)基本認證的示例代碼

 更新時間：2020年10月06日 10:13:41   作者：有態(tài)度的小碼甲  
這篇文章主要介紹了ASP.NET Core 實現(xiàn)基本認證的示例代碼嗎，文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細，對大家的學習或者工作具有一定的參考學習價值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學習學習吧

HTTP基本認證

在HTTP中，HTTP基本認證（Basic Authentication）是一種允許網(wǎng)頁瀏覽器或其他客戶端程序以(用戶名：口令) 請求資源的身份驗證方式，不要求cookie,session identifier、login page等標記或載體。

- 所有瀏覽器據(jù)支持HTTP基本認證方式

- 基本身證原理不保證傳輸憑證的安全性，僅被based64編碼，并沒有encrypted或者hashed，一般部署在客戶端和服務(wù)端互信的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，在公網(wǎng)中應(yīng)用BA認證通常與https結(jié)合

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication

BA標準協(xié)議

BA認證協(xié)議的實施主要依靠約定的請求頭/響應(yīng)頭，典型的瀏覽器和服務(wù)器的BA認證流程：

① 瀏覽器請求應(yīng)用了BA協(xié)議的網(wǎng)站，服務(wù)端響應(yīng)一個401認證失敗響應(yīng)碼，并寫入WWW-Authenticate響應(yīng)頭，指示服務(wù)端支持BA協(xié)議

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="our site" # WWW-Authenticate響應(yīng)頭包含一個realm域?qū)傩?，指明HTTP基本認證的是這個資源集

或客戶端在第一次請求時發(fā)送正確Authorization標頭，從而避免被質(zhì)詢

② 客戶端based64(用戶名：口令），作為Authorization標頭值 重新發(fā)送請求。

Authorization: Basic userid:password

所以在HTTP基本認證中認證范圍與 realm有關(guān)（具體由服務(wù)端定義）

> 一般瀏覽器客戶端對于www-Authenticate質(zhì)詢結(jié)果，會彈出口令輸入窗.

BA編程實踐

aspnetcore網(wǎng)站利用FileServerMiddleware 將路徑映射到某文件資源， 現(xiàn)對該 文件資源訪問路徑應(yīng)用 Http BA協(xié)議。

ASP.NET Core服務(wù)端實現(xiàn)BA認證：

① 實現(xiàn)服務(wù)端基本認證的認證過程、質(zhì)詢邏輯

②實現(xiàn)基本身份認證交互中間件BasicAuthenticationMiddleware ,要求對HttpContext使用 BA.Scheme

③ASP.NET Core 添加認證計劃 , 為文件資源訪問路徑啟用 BA中間件，注意使用UseWhen插入中間件

using System;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.Encodings.Web;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;

namespace EqidManager.Services
{
  public static class BasicAuthenticationScheme
  {
    public const string DefaultScheme = "Basic";
  }

  public class BasicAuthenticationOption:AuthenticationSchemeOptions
  {
    public string Realm { get; set; }
    public string UserName { get; set; }
    public string UserPwd { get; set; }
  }

  public class BasicAuthenticationHandler : AuthenticationHandler<BasicAuthenticationOption>
  {
    private readonly BasicAuthenticationOption authOptions;
    public BasicAuthenticationHandler(
      IOptionsMonitor<BasicAuthenticationOption> options,
      ILoggerFactory logger,
      UrlEncoder encoder,
      ISystemClock clock)
      : base(options, logger, encoder, clock)
    {
      authOptions = options.CurrentValue;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 認證
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    protected override async Task<AuthenticateResult> HandleAuthenticateAsync()
    {
      if (!Request.Headers.ContainsKey("Authorization"))
        return AuthenticateResult.Fail("Missing Authorization Header");
      string username, password;
      try
      {
        var authHeader = AuthenticationHeaderValue.Parse(Request.Headers["Authorization"]);
        var credentialBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(authHeader.Parameter);
        var credentials = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(credentialBytes).Split(':');
         username = credentials[0];
         password = credentials[1];
         var isValidUser= IsAuthorized(username,password);
        if(isValidUser== false)
        {
          return AuthenticateResult.Fail("Invalid username or password");
        }
      }
      catch
      {
        return AuthenticateResult.Fail("Invalid Authorization Header");
      }

      var claims = new[] {
        new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier,username),
        new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,username),
      };
      var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims, Scheme.Name);
      var principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);
      var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(principal, Scheme.Name);
      return await Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Success(ticket));
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 質(zhì)詢
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="properties"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    protected override async Task HandleChallengeAsync(AuthenticationProperties properties)
    {
      Response.Headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = $"Basic realm=\"{Options.Realm}\"";
      await base.HandleChallengeAsync(properties);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 認證失敗
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="properties"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    protected override async Task HandleForbiddenAsync(AuthenticationProperties properties)
    {
      await base.HandleForbiddenAsync(properties); 
    }

    private bool IsAuthorized(string username, string password)
    {
      return username.Equals(authOptions.UserName, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)
          && password.Equals(authOptions.UserPwd);
    }
  }
}
// HTTP基本認證Middleware public static class BasicAuthentication
 {
    public static void UseBasicAuthentication(this IApplicationBuilder app)
    {
      app.UseMiddleware<BasicAuthenticationMiddleware>();
    }
 }

public class BasicAuthenticationMiddleware
{
   private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
   private readonly ILogger _logger;

   public BasicAuthenticationMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILoggerFactory LoggerFactory)
   {
    _next = next;    _logger = LoggerFactory.CreateLogger<BasicAuthenticationMiddleware>();
   }
   public async Task Invoke(HttpContext httpContext, IAuthenticationService authenticationService)
   {
    var authenticated = await authenticationService.AuthenticateAsync(httpContext, BasicAuthenticationScheme.DefaultScheme);
    _logger.LogInformation("Access Status：" + authenticated.Succeeded);
    if (!authenticated.Succeeded)
    {
      await authenticationService.ChallengeAsync(httpContext, BasicAuthenticationScheme.DefaultScheme, new AuthenticationProperties { });
      return;
    }
    await _next(httpContext);
   }
}
// HTTP基本認證Middleware public static class BasicAuthentication
 {
    public static void UseBasicAuthentication(this IApplicationBuilder app)
    {
      app.UseMiddleware<BasicAuthenticationMiddleware>();
    }
 }

public class BasicAuthenticationMiddleware
{
   private readonly RequestDelegate _next;
   private readonly ILogger _logger;

   public BasicAuthenticationMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILoggerFactory LoggerFactory)
   {
    _next = next;    _logger = LoggerFactory.CreateLogger<BasicAuthenticationMiddleware>();
   }
   public async Task Invoke(HttpContext httpContext, IAuthenticationService authenticationService)
   {
    var authenticated = await authenticationService.AuthenticateAsync(httpContext, BasicAuthenticationScheme.DefaultScheme);
    _logger.LogInformation("Access Status：" + authenticated.Succeeded);
    if (!authenticated.Succeeded)
    {
      await authenticationService.ChallengeAsync(httpContext, BasicAuthenticationScheme.DefaultScheme, new AuthenticationProperties { });
      return;
    }
    await _next(httpContext);
   }
}

Startup.cs 文件添加并啟用HTTP基本認證

services.AddAuthentication(BasicAuthenticationScheme.DefaultScheme)
        .AddScheme<BasicAuthenticationOption, BasicAuthenticationHandler>(BasicAuthenticationScheme.DefaultScheme,null);
app.UseWhen(
      predicate:x => x.Request.Path.StartsWithSegments(new PathString(_protectedResourceOption.Path)),
      configuration:appBuilder => { appBuilder.UseBasicAuthentication()； }
  );

以上BA認證的服務(wù)端已經(jīng)完成，現(xiàn)在可以在瀏覽器測試：

進一步思考？

瀏覽器在BA協(xié)議中行為： 編程實現(xiàn)BA客戶端，要的同學可以直接拿去

/// <summary>
  /// BA認證請求Handler
  /// </summary>
  public class BasicAuthenticationClientHandler : HttpClientHandler
  {
    public static string BAHeaderNames = "authorization";
    private RemoteBasicAuth _remoteAccount;

    public BasicAuthenticationClientHandler(RemoteBasicAuth remoteAccount)
    {
      _remoteAccount = remoteAccount;
      AllowAutoRedirect = false;
      UseCookies = true;
    }

    protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
      var authorization = $"{_remoteAccount.UserName}:{_remoteAccount.Password}";
      var authorizationBased64 = "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(authorization));
      request.Headers.Remove(BAHeaderNames);
      request.Headers.Add(BAHeaderNames, authorizationBased64);
      return base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
    }
  }


 // 生成basic Authentication請求
      services.AddHttpClient("eqid-ba-request", x =>
          x.BaseAddress = new Uri(_proxyOption.Scheme +"://"+ _proxyOption.Host+":"+_proxyOption.Port ) )
        .ConfigurePrimaryHttpMessageHandler(y => new BasicAuthenticationClientHandler(_remoteAccount){} )
        .SetHandlerLifetime(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(2));

仿BA認證協(xié)議中的瀏覽器行為

That's All . BA認證是隨處可見的基礎(chǔ)認證協(xié)議，本文期待以最清晰的方式幫助你理解協(xié)議:

實現(xiàn)了基本認證協(xié)議服務(wù)端，客戶端；

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