java原生動態(tài)生成驗證碼

更新時間：2020年10月11日 11:06:45 作者：ITzhongzi

這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了java原生動態(tài)生成驗證碼，文中示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，具有一定的參考價值，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考一下

本文實例為大家分享了java原生動態(tài)生成驗證碼的具體代碼，供大家參考，具體內(nèi)容如下

需求描述： 為了防止腳本多次請求，很多時候在注冊會用到驗證碼，我們用java實現(xiàn) 一個圖片驗證的二維碼。

項目結(jié)構(gòu)

只有標(biāo)記的這三個文件是用到的

CheckServlet核心代碼

package lhw.wanlin.checkimg;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

@WebServlet(name = "CheckServlet")
public class CheckServlet extends HttpServlet {
 //集中保存所有成語
 private List<String> words = new ArrayList<>();

 @Override
 public void init() throws ServletException {
  // 初始化階段，讀取new_words.txt
  // web工程中讀取 文件，必須使用絕對磁盤路徑
  String path = getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/new_words.txt");
  try {
   BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path));
   String line;
   while ((line = br.readLine()) != null){
    words.add(line);
   }
   br.close();
  } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  } catch (IOException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
 }

 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
  this.doGet(request, response);
 }

 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
  // 禁止緩存
  // response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
  // response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
  // response.setDateHeader("Expires", -1);
  System.out.println(words);

  int width = 120;
  int height = 30;

  // 步驟一 繪制一張內(nèi)存中圖片
  BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height,
    BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

  // 步驟二 圖片繪制背景顏色 ---通過繪圖對象
  Graphics graphics = bufferedImage.getGraphics();// 得到畫圖對象 --- 畫筆
  // 繪制任何圖形之前 都必須指定一個顏色
  graphics.setColor(getRandColor(200, 250));
  graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);

  // 步驟三 繪制邊框
  graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
  graphics.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1);

  // 步驟四 四個隨機數(shù)字
  Graphics2D graphics2d = (Graphics2D) graphics;
  // 設(shè)置輸出字體
  graphics2d.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 18));

  Random random = new Random();// 生成隨機數(shù)
  int index = random.nextInt(words.size());
  String word = words.get(index);// 獲得成語

  // 定義x坐標(biāo)
  int x = 10;
  for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++) {
   // 隨機顏色
   graphics2d.setColor(new Color(20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random
     .nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110)));
   // 旋轉(zhuǎn) -30 --- 30度
   int jiaodu = random.nextInt(60) - 30;
   // 換算弧度
   double theta = jiaodu * Math.PI / 180;

   // 獲得字母數(shù)字
   char c = word.charAt(i);

   // 將c 輸出到圖片
   graphics2d.rotate(theta, x, 20);
   graphics2d.drawString(String.valueOf(c), x, 20);
   graphics2d.rotate(-theta, x, 20);
   x += 30;
  }

  // 將驗證碼內(nèi)容保存session
  request.getSession().setAttribute("checkcode_session", word);

  // 步驟五 繪制干擾線
  graphics.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));
  int x1;
  int x2;
  int y1;
  int y2;
  for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
   x1 = random.nextInt(width);
   x2 = random.nextInt(12);
   y1 = random.nextInt(height);
   y2 = random.nextInt(12);
   graphics.drawLine(x1, y1, x1 + x2, x2 + y2);
  }

  // 將上面圖片輸出到瀏覽器 ImageIO
  graphics.dispose();// 釋放資源

  //將圖片寫到response.getOutputStream()中
  ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "jpg", response.getOutputStream());
 }

 /**
  * 取其某一范圍的color
  *
  * @param fc
  *   int 范圍參數(shù)1
  * @param bc
  *   int 范圍參數(shù)2
  * @return Color
  */
 private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
  // 取其隨機顏色
  Random random = new Random();
  if (fc > 255) {
   fc = 255;
  }
  if (bc > 255) {
   bc = 255;
  }
  int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
  int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
  int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
  return new Color(r, g, b);
 }
}

web.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
   version="4.0">
 <servlet>
  <servlet-name>CheckServlet</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>lhw.wanlin.checkimg.CheckServlet</servlet-class>
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>CheckServlet</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/checkServlet</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

new_words.txt文本文件