template< class Function, class... Args>
std::future<std::result_of_t<std::decay_t<Function>(std::decay_t<Args>...)>>
 async( Function&& f, Args&&... args );

template< class Function, class... Args >
std::future<std::result_of_t<std::decay_t<Function>(std::decay_t<Args>...)>>
 async( std::launch policy, Function&& f, Args&&... args );

#include <future>

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <chrono>
#include <thread>
#include <future>
 
using namespace std::chrono;
 
std::string fetchDataFromDB(std::string recvData) {
 std::cout << "fetchDataFromDB start" << std::this_thread::get_id() << std::endl;
 std::this_thread::sleep_for(seconds(5));
 return "DB_" + recvData;
}
 
std::string fetchDataFromFile(std::string recvData) {
 std::cout << "fetchDataFromFile start" << std::this_thread::get_id() << std::endl;
 std::this_thread::sleep_for(seconds(3));
 return "File_" + recvData;
}
 
int main() {
 std::cout << "main start" << std::this_thread::get_id() << std::endl;
 
 //獲取開始時(shí)間
 system_clock::time_point start = system_clock::now();
 
 std::future<std::string> resultFromDB = std::async(std::launch::async, fetchDataFromDB, "Data");
 
 //從文件獲取數(shù)據(jù)
 std::future<std::string> fileData = std::async(std::launch::deferred, fetchDataFromFile, "Data");
 
 //調(diào)用get函數(shù)fetchDataFromFile才開始執(zhí)行
 std::string FileData = fileData.get();
 //如果fetchDataFromDB執(zhí)行沒有完成，get會一直阻塞當(dāng)前線程
 std::string dbData = resultFromDB.get();
 
 //獲取結(jié)束時(shí)間
 auto end = system_clock::now();
 
 auto diff = duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(end - start).count();
 std::cout << "Total Time taken= " << diff << "Seconds" << std::endl;
 
 //組裝數(shù)據(jù)
 std::string data = dbData + " :: " + FileData;
 
 //輸出組裝的數(shù)據(jù)
 std::cout << "Data = " << data << std::endl;
 
 return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <chrono>
#include <thread>
#include <future>
 
using namespace std::chrono;
 
std::string fetchDataFromDB(std::string recvData) {
 
 std::cout << "fetchDataFromDB start" << std::this_thread::get_id() << std::endl;
 std::this_thread::sleep_for(seconds(5));
 return "DB_" + recvData;
}
 
 
int main() {
 
 std::cout << "main start" << std::this_thread::get_id() << std::endl;
 
 //獲取開始時(shí)間
 system_clock::time_point start = system_clock::now();
 
 std::future<std::string> resultFromDB = std::async(std::launch::async, fetchDataFromDB, "Data");
 
 std::future_status status;
 std::string dbData;
 do
 {
  status = resultFromDB.wait_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
 
  switch (status)
  {
  case std::future_status::ready:
   std::cout << "Ready..." << std::endl;
   //獲取結(jié)果
   dbData = resultFromDB.get();
   std::cout << dbData << std::endl;
   break;
  case std::future_status::timeout:
   std::cout << "timeout..." << std::endl;
   break;
  case std::future_status::deferred:
   std::cout << "deferred..." << std::endl;
   break;
  default:
   break;
  }
 
 } while (status != std::future_status::ready);
 
 
 //獲取結(jié)束時(shí)間
 auto end = system_clock::now();
 
 auto diff = duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(end - start).count();
 std::cout << "Total Time taken= " << diff << "Seconds" << std::endl;
 
 return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <future>
#include <string>
#include <mutex>
#include <thread>
 
template <typename RandomIt>
int parallel_sum(RandomIt beg, RandomIt end)
{
 std::cout << "thread id:" << std::this_thread::get_id() << std::endl;
 
 auto len = end - beg;
 if (len < 1000)
  return std::accumulate(beg, end, 0);
 
 RandomIt mid = beg + len/2;
 auto handle_me = std::async(std::launch::async,
        parallel_sum<RandomIt>, mid, end);
 auto handle_bm = std::async(std::launch::async,
        parallel_sum<RandomIt>, beg, mid);
 // int sum = parallel_sum(beg, mid);
 return handle_bm.get() + handle_me.get();
}
 
int main()
{
 std::vector<int> v(10000, 1);
 std::cout << "The sum is " << parallel_sum(v.begin(), v.end()) << std::endl;
}

std::async(std::launch::async, []{ f(); }); // temporary's dtor waits for f()
std::async(std::launch::async, []{ g(); }); // does not start until f() completes