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Spring Boot優(yōu)雅地處理404異常問題

 更新時間:2020年11月20日 09:48:02   作者:程序員自由之路  
這篇文章主要介紹了Spring Boot優(yōu)雅地處理404異常問題,本文給大家介紹的非常詳細(xì),對大家的學(xué)習(xí)或工作具有一定的參考借鑒價值,需要的朋友可以參考下

背景

在使用SpringBoot的過程中,你肯定遇到過404錯誤。比如下面的代碼:

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello")
public class HelloWorldController {
  @RequestMapping("/test")
  public Object getObject1(HttpServletRequest request){
    Response response = new Response();
    response.success("請求成功...");
    response.setResponseTime();
    return response;
  }
}

當(dāng)我們使用錯誤的請求地址(POST http://127.0.0.1:8888/hello/test1?id=98)進(jìn)行請求時,會報下面的錯誤:

{
 "timestamp": "2020-11-19T08:30:48.844+0000",
 "status": 404,
 "error": "Not Found",
 "message": "No message available",
 "path": "/hello/test1"
}

雖然上面的返回很清楚,但是我們的接口需要返回統(tǒng)一的格式,比如:

{
  "rtnCode":"9999",
  "rtnMsg":"404 /hello/test1 Not Found"
}

這時候你可能會想有Spring的統(tǒng)一異常處理,在Controller類上加@RestControllerAdvice注解。但是這種做法并不能統(tǒng)一處理404錯誤。

404錯誤產(chǎn)生的原因

產(chǎn)生404的原因是我們調(diào)了一個不存在的接口,但是為什么會返回下面的json報錯呢?我們先從Spring的源代碼分析下。

{
 "timestamp": "2020-11-19T08:30:48.844+0000",
 "status": 404,
 "error": "Not Found",
 "message": "No message available",
 "path": "/hello/test1"
}

為了代碼簡單起見,這邊直接從DispatcherServlet的doDispatch方法開始分析。(如果不知道為什么要從這邊開始,你還要熟悉下SpringMVC的源代碼)。

... 省略部分代碼....
// Actually invoke the handler.
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
... 省略部分代碼

Spring MVC會根據(jù)請求URL的不同,配置的RequestMapping的不同,為請求匹配不同的HandlerAdapter。

對于上面的請求地址:http://127.0.0.1:8888/hello/test1?id=98匹配到的HandlerAdapter是HttpRequestHandlerAdapter。

我們直接進(jìn)入到HttpRequestHandlerAdapter中看下這個類的handle方法。

@Override
@Nullable
public ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
  throws Exception {
  ((HttpRequestHandler) handler).handleRequest(request, response);
  return null;
}

這個方法沒什么內(nèi)容,直接是調(diào)用了HttpRequestHandler類的handleRequest(request, response)方法。所以直接進(jìn)入這個方法看下吧。

@Override
public void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
  throws ServletException, IOException {

  // For very general mappings (e.g. "/") we need to check 404 first
  Resource resource = getResource(request);
  if (resource == null) {
    logger.trace("No matching resource found - returning 404");
    // 這個方法很簡單,就是設(shè)置404響應(yīng)碼,然后將Response的errorState狀態(tài)從0設(shè)置成1
    response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
    // 直接返回
    return;
  }
  ... 省略部分方法
}

這個方法很簡單,就是設(shè)置404響應(yīng)碼,將Response的errorState狀態(tài)從0設(shè)置成1,然后就返回響應(yīng)了。整個過程并沒有發(fā)生任何異常,所以不能觸發(fā)Spring的全局異常處理機(jī)制。

到這邊還有一個問題沒有解決:就是下面的404提示信息是怎么返回的。

{
 "timestamp": "2020-11-19T08:30:48.844+0000",
 "status": 404,
 "error": "Not Found",
 "message": "No message available",
 "path": "/hello/test1"
}

我們繼續(xù)往下看。Response響應(yīng)被返回,進(jìn)入org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve類的invoke方法進(jìn)行處理。(不要問我為什么知道是在這里?Debug的能力是需要自己摸索出來的,自己調(diào)試多了,你也就會了)

@Override
public final void invoke(Request request, Response response)
  throws IOException, ServletException {
  
  Context context = request.getContext();
  if (context == null) {
    response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
              sm.getString("standardHost.noContext"));
    return;
  }

  if (request.isAsyncSupported()) {
    request.setAsyncSupported(context.getPipeline().isAsyncSupported());
  }

  boolean asyncAtStart = request.isAsync();
  boolean asyncDispatching = request.isAsyncDispatching();

  try {
    context.bind(Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED, MY_CLASSLOADER);
    if (!asyncAtStart && !context.fireRequestInitEvent(request.getRequest())) {
      return;
    }
    try {
      if (!asyncAtStart || asyncDispatching) {
        context.getPipeline().getFirst().invoke(request, response);
      } else {
        if (!response.isErrorReportRequired()) {
          throw new IllegalStateException(sm.getString("standardHost.asyncStateError"));
        }
      }
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
      container.getLogger().error("Exception Processing " + request.getRequestURI(), t);
      if (!response.isErrorReportRequired()) {
        request.setAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_EXCEPTION, t);
        throwable(request, response, t);
      }
    }
    response.setSuspended(false);

    Throwable t = (Throwable) request.getAttribute(RequestDispatcher.ERROR_EXCEPTION);
    if (!context.getState().isAvailable()) {
      return;
    }
    // 在這里判斷請求是不是發(fā)生了錯誤,錯誤的話就進(jìn)入StandardHostValve的status(Request request, Response response)方法。
    // Look for (and render if found) an application level error page
    if (response.isErrorReportRequired()) {
      if (t != null) {
        throwable(request, response, t);
      } else {
        status(request, response);
      }
    }

    if (!request.isAsync() && !asyncAtStart) {
      context.fireRequestDestroyEvent(request.getRequest());
    }
  } finally {
    // Access a session (if present) to update last accessed time, based
    // on a strict interpretation of the specification
    if (ACCESS_SESSION) {
      request.getSession(false);
    }
    context.unbind(Globals.IS_SECURITY_ENABLED, MY_CLASSLOADER);
  }
 }

這個方法會根據(jù)返回的響應(yīng)判斷是不是發(fā)生了錯了,如果發(fā)生了error,則進(jìn)入StandardHostValve的status(Request request, Response response)方法。這個方法“兜兜轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)”又進(jìn)入了StandardHostValve的custom(Request request, Response response,ErrorPage errorPage)方法。這個方法中將請求重新forward到了"/error"接口。

 private boolean custom(Request request, Response response,
               ErrorPage errorPage) {

    if (container.getLogger().isDebugEnabled()) {
      container.getLogger().debug("Processing " + errorPage);
    }
    try {
      // Forward control to the specified location
      ServletContext servletContext =
        request.getContext().getServletContext();
      RequestDispatcher rd =
        servletContext.getRequestDispatcher(errorPage.getLocation());
      if (rd == null) {
        container.getLogger().error(
          sm.getString("standardHostValue.customStatusFailed", errorPage.getLocation()));
        return false;
      }
      if (response.isCommitted()) {
        rd.include(request.getRequest(), response.getResponse());
      } else {
        // Reset the response (keeping the real error code and message)
        response.resetBuffer(true);
        response.setContentLength(-1);
        // 1: 重新forward請求到/error接口
        rd.forward(request.getRequest(), response.getResponse());
        response.setSuspended(false);
      }
      return true;
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
      container.getLogger().error("Exception Processing " + errorPage, t);
      return false;
    }
  }

上面標(biāo)號1處的代碼重新將請求forward到了/error接口。所以如果我們開著Debug日志的話,你會在后臺看到下面的日志。

[http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:891 - DispatcherServlet with name 'dispatcherServlet' processing POST request for [/error]
2020-11-19 19:04:04.280 [http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping:313 - Looking up handler method for path /error
2020-11-19 19:04:04.281 [http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping:320 - Returning handler method [public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)]
2020-11-19 19:04:04.281 [http-nio-8888-exec-7] DEBUG org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory:255 - Returning cached instance of singleton bean 'basicErrorController'

上面是/error的請求日志。到這邊還是沒說明為什么能返回json格式的404返回格式。我們繼續(xù)往下看。

到這邊為止,我們好像沒有任何線索了。但是如果仔細(xì)看上面日志的話,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這個接口的處理方法是:

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)]

我們打開BasicErrorController這個類的源代碼,一切豁然開朗。

@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
  @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")
  public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
      HttpServletResponse response) {
    HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
    Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
        request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
    response.setStatus(status.value());
    ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
    return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
  }

  @RequestMapping
  @ResponseBody
  public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
    Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
        isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
    HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
    return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
  }
  ... 省略部分方法
}

BasicErrorController是Spring默認(rèn)配置的一個Controller,默認(rèn)處理/error請求。BasicErrorController提供兩種返回錯誤一種是頁面返回、當(dāng)你是頁面請求的時候就會返回頁面,另外一種是json請求的時候就會返回json錯誤。

自定義404錯誤處理類

我們先看下BasicErrorController是在哪里進(jìn)行配置的。

在IDEA中,查看BasicErrorController的usage,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個類是在ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration中自動配置的。

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class })
// Load before the main WebMvcAutoConfiguration so that the error View is available
@AutoConfigureBefore(WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ ServerProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class })
public class ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration {
  
  @Bean
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorController.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
	public BasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
		return new BasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(),
				this.errorViewResolvers);
	}
	... 省略部分代碼
}

從上面的配置中可以看出來,只要我們自己配置一個ErrorController,就可以覆蓋掉BasicErrorController的行為。

@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class CustomErrorController extends BasicErrorController {

  @Value("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
  private String path;

  public CustomErrorController(ServerProperties serverProperties) {
    super(new DefaultErrorAttributes(), serverProperties.getError());
  }

  /**
   * 覆蓋默認(rèn)的JSON響應(yīng)
   */
  @Override
  public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {

    HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
    Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(16);
    Map<String, Object> originalMsgMap = getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
    String path = (String)originalMsgMap.get("path");
    String error = (String)originalMsgMap.get("error");
    String message = (String)originalMsgMap.get("message");
    StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(",","[","]");
    joiner.add(path).add(error).add(message);
    map.put("rtnCode", "9999");
    map.put("rtnMsg", joiner.toString());
    return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(map, status);
  }

  /**
   * 覆蓋默認(rèn)的HTML響應(yīng)
   */
  @Override
  public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
    //請求的狀態(tài)
    HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
    response.setStatus(getStatus(request).value());
    Map<String, Object> model = getErrorAttributes(request,
        isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML));
    ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
    //指定自定義的視圖
    return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
  }
}

默認(rèn)的錯誤路徑是/error,我們可以通過以下配置進(jìn)行覆蓋:

server:
 error:
  path: /xxx

更詳細(xì)的內(nèi)容請參考Spring Boot的章節(jié)。

簡單總結(jié)#

  • 如果在過濾器(Filter)中發(fā)生異常,或者調(diào)用的接口不存在,Spring會直接將Response的errorStatus狀態(tài)設(shè)置成1,將http響應(yīng)碼設(shè)置為500或者404,Tomcat檢測到errorStatus為1時,會將請求重現(xiàn)forward到/error接口;
  • 如果請求已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了Controller的處理方法,這時發(fā)生了異常,如果沒有配置Spring的全局異常機(jī)制,那么請求還是會被forward到/error接口,如果配置了全局異常處理,Controller中的異常會被捕獲;
  • 繼承BasicErrorController就可以覆蓋原有的錯誤處理方式。

到此這篇關(guān)于Spring Boot優(yōu)雅地處理404異常的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Spring Boot 404異常內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!

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