MySQL binlog_ignore_db 參數(shù)的具體使用
前言:
經(jīng)過前面文章學(xué)習(xí),我們知道 binlog 會記錄數(shù)據(jù)庫所有執(zhí)行的 DDL 和 DML 語句(除了數(shù)據(jù)查詢語句select、show等)。注意默認(rèn)情況下會記錄所有庫的操作,那么如果我們有另類需求,比如說只讓某個庫記錄 binglog 或排除某個庫記錄 binlog ,是否支持此類需求呢?本篇文章我們一起來看下。
1. binlog_do_db 與 binlog_ignore_db
當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)例開啟 binlog 時,我們執(zhí)行 show master status 命令,會看到有 Binlog_Do_DB 與 Binlog_Ignore_DB 選項(xiàng)。
mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000009 | 282838 | | | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
默認(rèn)情況下,這兩個選項(xiàng)為空,那么這兩個參數(shù)有何作用?是否如同其字面意思一個只讓某個庫記錄 binglog 一個排除某個庫記錄 binlog 呢?筆者查閱官方文檔,簡單說明下這兩個參數(shù)的作用:
- binlog_do_db:此參數(shù)表示只記錄指定數(shù)據(jù)庫的二進(jìn)制日志,默認(rèn)全部記錄。
- binlog_ignore_db:此參數(shù)表示不記錄指定的數(shù)據(jù)庫的二進(jìn)制日志。
這兩個參數(shù)為互斥關(guān)系,一般只選擇其一設(shè)置,只能在啟動命令行中或配置文件中加入。指定多個數(shù)據(jù)庫要分行寫入,舉例如下:
# 指定 db1 db2 記錄binlog [mysqld] binlog_do_db = db1 binlog_do_db = db2 # 不讓 db3 db4 記錄binlog [mysqld] binlog_ignore_db = db3 binlog_ignore_db = db4
此外,這二者參數(shù)具體作用與否還與 binlog 格式有關(guān)系,在某些情況下 binlog 格式設(shè)置為 STATEMENT 或 ROW 會有不同的效果。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中 binlog_ignore_db 用途更廣泛些,比如說某個庫的數(shù)據(jù)不太重要,為了減輕服務(wù)器寫入壓力,我們可能不讓該庫記錄 binlog 。網(wǎng)上也有文章說設(shè)置 binlog_ignore_db 會導(dǎo)致從庫同步錯誤,那么設(shè)置該參數(shù)到底有什么效果呢,下面我們來具體實(shí)驗(yàn)下。
2. binlog_ignore_db 具體效果
首先說明下,我的測試數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)例是 5.7.23 社區(qū)版本,共有 testdb、logdb 兩個業(yè)務(wù)庫,我們設(shè)置 logdb 不記錄 binlog ,下面來具體實(shí)驗(yàn)下:
# binlog 為 ROW 格式 # 1.不使用 use db mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 154 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | NULL | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> CREATE TABLE testdb.`test_tb1` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) mysql> insert into testdb.test_tb1 values (1001,'sdfde'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 653 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> CREATE TABLE logdb.`log_tb1` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> insert into logdb.log_tb1 values (1001,'sdfde'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 883 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ mysql> insert into logdb.log_tb1 values (1002,'sdsdfde'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 883 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ mysql> alter table logdb.log_tb1 add column c3 varchar(20); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 1070 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ # 結(jié)論:其他庫記錄正常 logdb庫會記錄DDL 不記錄DML # 2.使用 use testdb跨庫 mysql> use testdb; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | testdb | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 1070 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> CREATE TABLE `test_tb2` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> insert into test_tb2 values (1001,'sdfde'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec) mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 1574 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> CREATE TABLE logdb.`log_tb2` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 1810 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into logdb.log_tb2 values (1001,'sdfde'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 1810 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) # 結(jié)論:同樣logdb庫會記錄DDL 不記錄DML # 3.使用 use logdb跨庫 mysql> use logdb; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | logdb | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 1810 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> CREATE TABLE testdb.`test_tb3` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.23 sec) mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 1810 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into testdb.test_tb3 values (1001,'sdfde'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 2081 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> CREATE TABLE `log_tb3` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 2081 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into log_tb3 values (1001,'sdfde'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 2081 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) # 結(jié)論:logdb都不記錄 同時不記錄其他庫的DDL # 4.每次操作都進(jìn)入此庫 不跨庫 mysql> use testdb; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 2081 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> CREATE TABLE `test_tb4` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> insert into test_tb4 values (1001,'sdfde'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 2585 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use logdb; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> CREATE TABLE `log_tb4` ( id int , name varchar(30) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 2585 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into log_tb4 values (1001,'sdfde'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | binlog.000011 | 2585 | | logdb | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) # 結(jié)論:其他庫全部記錄 logdb全不記錄
同樣的,將 binlog 格式設(shè)置為 STATEMENT ,再次進(jìn)行測試,這里不再贅述測試過程,總結(jié)下 STATEMENT 格式下的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果:
- 未選擇任何數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行操作,所有都會記錄。
- 選擇testdb,對testdb和logdb分別進(jìn)行操作,所有庫都會記錄。
- 選擇logdb,對testdb和logdb分別進(jìn)行操作,所有庫都不會記錄。
- 選擇某個庫并只對當(dāng)前庫進(jìn)行操作,則記錄正常,不會記錄logdb。
看了這么多實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),你是否眼花繚亂了呢,下面我們以思維導(dǎo)圖的形式總結(jié)如下:
這么看來 binlog_ignore_db 參數(shù)的效果確實(shí)和諸多因素有關(guān),特別是有從庫的情況下,主庫要特別小心使用此參數(shù),很容易產(chǎn)生主從同步錯誤。不過,按照嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只對當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行操作,則不會產(chǎn)生問題。這也告訴我們要嚴(yán)格按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來,只賦予業(yè)務(wù)賬號某個單庫的權(quán)限,也能避免各種問題發(fā)生。
總結(jié):
不清楚各位讀者是否對這種介紹參數(shù)的文章感興趣呢?可能這些是數(shù)據(jù)庫運(yùn)維人員比較關(guān)注的吧。本篇文章主要介紹關(guān)于 binlog 的 binlog_ignore_db 參數(shù)的具體作用,可能本篇文章實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境還不夠考慮周全,有興趣的同學(xué)可以參考下官方文檔,有助于對該參數(shù)有更深入的了解。
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