PostgreSQL 實現(xiàn)列轉行問題
1 測試表數(shù)據(jù)
SELECT relative_label_content FROM frk_s.label_cor_gene relative_label_content ------ AA BB CC
2 列轉行寫法
寫法1:
string_agg
SELECT frwybs, string_agg (relative_label_content, ',') as relative_label_content FROM frk_s.label_cor_gene GROUP BY frwybs relative_label_content ------------ AA,BB,CC
寫法2:
array_to_string(ARRAY_AGG (text),',')
SELECT frwybs, array_to_string( ARRAY_AGG (DISTINCT relative_label_content), ',' ) as labels_content FROM frk_s.label_cor_gene GROUP BY frwybs labels_content ------------ AA,BB,CC
補充:PostgreSQL行列轉換(兼容oracle pivot unpivot)
oracle11g開始內置了數(shù)據(jù)透視表pivot table這一功能,可以用來實現(xiàn)行列轉換的功能,但是在數(shù)據(jù)量較大的時候使用性能就會較差。
pivot語法為:
SELECT ... FROM ... PIVOT [XML] (pivot_clause pivot_for_clause pivot_in_clause ) WHERE ...
oracle pivot使用例子:
–創(chuàng)建測試表并插入數(shù)據(jù)
create table usr (name varchar2(20), score int, class varchar2(20) ); insert into usr values('a',20,'math'); insert into usr values('a',22,'phy'); insert into usr values('b',23,'phy'); insert into usr values('b',21,'math'); insert into usr values('c',22,'phy'); insert into usr values('c',24,'math'); insert into usr values('d',25,'math'); insert into usr values('d',23,'phy');
–使用pivot進行行列轉換
SQL> select * from usr 2 pivot( sum(score) for class in ('math','phy') 3 4 5 ); NAME 'math' 'phy' -------------------- ---------- ---------- d 25 23 a 20 22 b 21 23 c 24 22
我們還可以使用unpivot來實現(xiàn)列轉行。
unpivot語法為:
SELECT ... FROM ... UNPIVOT [INCLUDE|EXCLUDE NULLS] (unpivot_clause unpivot_for_clause unpivot_in_clause ) WHERE ...
oracle unpivot使用例子:
–創(chuàng)建測試表并插入數(shù)據(jù)
CREATE TABLE t1 ( VendorID int, Emp1 int, Emp2 int, Emp3 int, Emp4 int, Emp5 int ); INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1,4,3,5,4,4); INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (2,4,1,5,5,5); INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (3,4,3,5,4,4); INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (4,4,2,5,5,4); INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (5,5,1,5,5,5);
–使用unpivot進行列轉行
SQL> select * from t1 2 UNPIVOT( orders for Employee in(emp1,emp2,emp3,emp4,emp5) ); 3 4 VENDORID EMPL ORDERS ---------- ---- ---------- 1 EMP1 4 1 EMP2 3 1 EMP3 5 1 EMP4 4 1 EMP5 4 2 EMP1 4 2 EMP2 1 2 EMP3 5 2 EMP4 5 2 EMP5 5 3 EMP1 4 VENDORID EMPL ORDERS ---------- ---- ---------- 3 EMP2 3 3 EMP3 5 3 EMP4 4 3 EMP5 4 4 EMP1 4 4 EMP2 2 4 EMP3 5 4 EMP4 5 4 EMP5 4 5 EMP1 5 5 EMP2 1 VENDORID EMPL ORDERS ---------- ---- ---------- 5 EMP3 5 5 EMP4 5 5 EMP5 5 25 rows selected.
那么在pg中該如何實現(xiàn)oracle的pivot/unpivot的行列轉行功能呢?pg中自帶的tablefunc插件可以實現(xiàn),我們可以使用該插件中的crosstab函數(shù)接口進行行列轉換。
pg行轉列例子:
–建表插入測試數(shù)據(jù)
create table tbl (seller text,se_year int,se_month int,se_amount int); insert into tbl values ('test1',2020,01,123456); insert into tbl values ('test1',2020,02,234567); insert into tbl values ('test1',2020,03,345678); insert into tbl values ('test1',2020,04,345678); insert into tbl values ('test1',2020,05,567890); insert into tbl values ('test2',2020,01,12); insert into tbl values ('test2',2020,02,23); insert into tbl values ('test2',2020,03,34); insert into tbl values ('test2',2020,04,45); insert into tbl values ('test2',2020,05,56); insert into tbl values ('test3',2020,03,12); insert into tbl values ('test3',2020,04,45); insert into tbl values ('test3',2020,05,56); insert into tbl values ('test4',2020,02,20); insert into tbl values ('test4',2020,03,30); insert into tbl values ('test4',2020,04,40); insert into tbl values ('test4',2020,05,50); insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,01,123456); insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,02,234567); insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,03,345678); insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,04,345678); insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,05,567890); insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,06,123456); insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,07,234567); insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,08,345678); insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,09,345678); insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,10,567890); insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,11,123456); insert into tbl values ('test1',2019,12,234567); insert into tbl values ('test2',2019,11,12); insert into tbl values ('test2',2019,12,23); insert into tbl select * from tbl;
–行轉列
bill=# select bill-# js->>'seller' as seller, bill-# js->>'se_year' as se_year, bill-# jan , bill-# feb , bill-# mar , bill-# apr , bill-# may , bill-# jun , bill-# jul , bill-# aug , bill-# sep , bill-# oct , bill-# nov , bill-# dec bill-# from crosstab( bill(# -- 這個是需要進行行列變換的源SQL , 數(shù)據(jù)源。 bill(# -- 排序字段為group by字段 ,最后一個字段為轉換后的內容字段,導數(shù)第二個字段為行列變換的字段(內容為枚舉,比如月份) bill(# -- (必須在下一個參數(shù)中提取出對應的所有枚舉值) bill(# $$select jsonb_build_object('seller', seller, 'se_year', se_year) as js, se_month, sum(se_amount) from tbl group by 1,2 order by 1$$, bill(# -- 行列轉換的行,有哪些值被提取出來作為列。 這個在這里代表的是月份,也就是se_month的值 bill(# -- 或(select * from (values('jan'),...('dec')) t(se_month)) bill(# 'select distinct se_month from tbl order by 1' bill(# ) bill-# as -- crosstab 輸出格式 bill-# ( js jsonb, -- 第一個參數(shù)SQL內對應的order by對應的字段(1個或多個) bill(# Jan numeric, -- 第一個參數(shù)SQL內對應導數(shù)第二個字段的枚舉值,(行轉列) bill(# feb numeric, -- ...同上 bill(# mar numeric, bill(# apr numeric, bill(# may numeric, bill(# jun numeric, bill(# jul numeric, bill(# aug numeric, bill(# sep numeric, bill(# oct numeric, bill(# nov numeric, bill(# dec numeric bill(# ) bill-# order by 1,2; seller | se_year | jan | feb | mar | apr | may | jun | jul | aug | sep | oct | nov | dec --------+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+---------+--------+-------- test1 | 2019 | 246912 | 469134 | 691356 | 691356 | 1135780 | 246912 | 469134 | 691356 | 691356 | 1135780 | 246912 | 469134 test1 | 2020 | 246912 | 469134 | 691356 | 691356 | 1135780 | | | | | | | test2 | 2019 | | | | | | | | | | | 24 | 46 test2 | 2020 | 24 | 46 | 68 | 90 | 112 | | | | | | | test3 | 2020 | | | 24 | 90 | 112 | | | | | | | test4 | 2020 | | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 | | | | | | | (6 rows)
–列轉行
bill=# with a as ( -- A對應原始數(shù)據(jù)(即需要列轉行的數(shù)據(jù)) bill(# select bill(# js->>'seller' as seller, bill(# js->>'se_year' as se_year, bill(# jan , bill(# feb , bill(# mar , bill(# apr , bill(# may , bill(# jun , bill(# jul , bill(# aug , bill(# sep , bill(# oct , bill(# nov , bill(# dec bill(# from crosstab( bill(# -- 這個是需要進行行列變換的源SQL , 數(shù)據(jù)源。 bill(# -- 排序字段為group by字段 ,最后一個字段為轉換后的內容字段,導數(shù)第二個字段為行列變換的字段(內容為枚舉,比如月份) bill(# -- (必須在下一個參數(shù)中提取出對應的所有枚舉值) bill(# $$select jsonb_build_object('seller', seller, 'se_year', se_year) as js, se_month, sum(se_amount) from tbl group by 1,2 order by 1$$, bill(# -- 行列轉換的行,有哪些值被提取出來作為列。 這個在這里代表的是月份,也就是se_month的值 bill(# -- 或(select * from (values('jan'),...('dec')) t(se_month)) bill(# 'select distinct se_month from tbl order by 1' bill(# ) bill(# as -- crosstab 輸出格式 bill(# ( js jsonb, -- 第一個參數(shù)SQL內對應的order by對應的字段(1個或多個) bill(# Jan numeric, -- 第一個參數(shù)SQL內對應導數(shù)第二個字段的枚舉值,(行轉列) bill(# feb numeric, -- ...同上 bill(# mar numeric, bill(# apr numeric, bill(# may numeric, bill(# jun numeric, bill(# jul numeric, bill(# aug numeric, bill(# sep numeric, bill(# oct numeric, bill(# nov numeric, bill(# dec numeric bill(# ) bill(# order by 1,2 bill(# ) bill-# , bill-# -- b , 用jsonb把多列合并為一列,并使用jsonb_each展開。 bill-# b as (select seller, se_year, jsonb_each(row_to_json(a)::jsonb-'seller'::text-'se_year'::text) as rec from a) bill-# select seller, se_year, (b.rec).key as month, (b.rec).value as sum from b; seller | se_year | month | sum --------+---------+-------+--------- test1 | 2019 | apr | 691356 test1 | 2019 | aug | 691356 test1 | 2019 | dec | 469134 test1 | 2019 | feb | 469134 test1 | 2019 | jan | 246912 test1 | 2019 | jul | 469134 test1 | 2019 | jun | 246912 test1 | 2019 | mar | 691356 test1 | 2019 | may | 1135780 test1 | 2019 | nov | 246912 test1 | 2019 | oct | 1135780 test1 | 2019 | sep | 691356 test1 | 2020 | apr | 691356 test1 | 2020 | aug | null test1 | 2020 | dec | null test1 | 2020 | feb | 469134 test1 | 2020 | jan | 246912 test1 | 2020 | jul | null test1 | 2020 | jun | null test1 | 2020 | mar | 691356 test1 | 2020 | may | 1135780 test1 | 2020 | nov | null test1 | 2020 | oct | null test1 | 2020 | sep | null test2 | 2019 | apr | null test2 | 2019 | aug | null test2 | 2019 | dec | 46 test2 | 2019 | feb | null test2 | 2019 | jan | null test2 | 2019 | jul | null test2 | 2019 | jun | null test2 | 2019 | mar | null test2 | 2019 | may | null test2 | 2019 | nov | 24 test2 | 2019 | oct | null test2 | 2019 | sep | null test2 | 2020 | apr | 90 test2 | 2020 | aug | null test2 | 2020 | dec | null test2 | 2020 | feb | 46 test2 | 2020 | jan | 24 test2 | 2020 | jul | null test2 | 2020 | jun | null test2 | 2020 | mar | 68 test2 | 2020 | may | 112 test2 | 2020 | nov | null test2 | 2020 | oct | null test2 | 2020 | sep | null test3 | 2020 | apr | 90 test3 | 2020 | aug | null test3 | 2020 | dec | null test3 | 2020 | feb | null test3 | 2020 | jan | null test3 | 2020 | jul | null test3 | 2020 | jun | null test3 | 2020 | mar | 24 test3 | 2020 | may | 112 test3 | 2020 | nov | null test3 | 2020 | oct | null test3 | 2020 | sep | null test4 | 2020 | apr | 80 test4 | 2020 | aug | null test4 | 2020 | dec | null test4 | 2020 | feb | 40 test4 | 2020 | jan | null test4 | 2020 | jul | null test4 | 2020 | jun | null test4 | 2020 | mar | 60 test4 | 2020 | may | 100 test4 | 2020 | nov | null test4 | 2020 | oct | null test4 | 2020 | sep | null (72 rows)
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