使用IDEA搭建一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的SpringBoot項(xiàng)目超詳細(xì)過(guò)程
一、創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目
1.File->new->project;
2.選擇“Spring Initializr”,點(diǎn)擊next;(jdk1.8默認(rèn)即可)
3.完善項(xiàng)目信息,組名可不做修改,項(xiàng)目名可做修改;最終建的項(xiàng)目名為:test,src->main->java下包名會(huì)是:com->example->test;點(diǎn)擊next;
4.Web下勾選Spring Web Start,(網(wǎng)上創(chuàng)建springboot項(xiàng)目多是勾選Web選項(xiàng),而較高版本的Springboot沒(méi)有此選項(xiàng),勾選Spring Web Start即可,2.1.8版本是Spring Web);Template Englines勾選Thymeleaf;SQL勾選:MySQL Driver,JDBC API 和 MyBatis Framework三項(xiàng);點(diǎn)擊next;
5.選擇項(xiàng)目路徑,點(diǎn)擊finish;打開新的窗口;
6.剛創(chuàng)建好的項(xiàng)目目錄結(jié)構(gòu)
7.點(diǎn)擊右側(cè)的Maven,點(diǎn)擊設(shè)置(扳手圖標(biāo))進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目Maven倉(cāng)庫(kù)的配置;
8.(1)選擇本地Maven路徑;(2)勾選配置文件后邊的選項(xiàng),然后修改為本地Maven的配置文件,它會(huì)根據(jù)配置文件直接找到本地倉(cāng)庫(kù)位置;
9.配置完后,如果沒(méi)有自動(dòng)導(dǎo)包,可以點(diǎn)擊左上角重新導(dǎo)包按鈕,或者呢個(gè)下載按鈕,選擇下載所有源文件和文檔
10.在templates文件下新建index.html頁(yè)面,作為啟動(dòng)的初始頁(yè)面;
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>hello</title> </head> <body> 你好!初學(xué)者,我是SpringBoot的簡(jiǎn)單啟動(dòng)頁(yè)面! </body> </html>
11.在com.example.test下新建controller文件夾,在controller文件夾下建一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的helloController類;(Controller類要添加@Controller注解,項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)時(shí),SpringBoot會(huì)自動(dòng)掃描加載Controller)
package com.example.test.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/index") public String sayHello(){ return "index"; } }
12.在resources文件夾下application中先配置DataSource基本信息,application文件有兩種文件格式,一種是以.properties為后綴,一種是以.yml為后綴的,兩種配置方式略有差別,詳情可參考這個(gè)網(wǎng)址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29648651/article/details/78503853;在這我是用.yml后綴的文件格式。右鍵application文件選擇Refact,選擇Rename,將后綴改為yml;
spring: datasource: name: test #數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)名 url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test #url username: root #用戶名 password: 123456 #密碼 driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver #數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)鏈接驅(qū)動(dòng)
13.運(yùn)行項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)類TestApplication.java
可以發(fā)現(xiàn)上面有一個(gè)WARN警告,那是因?yàn)檫€沒(méi)有配置編寫MyBatis的相關(guān)文件,下面會(huì)進(jìn)行詳解;
2019-08-02 09:14:27.473 WARN 9120 --- [ main] o.m.s.mapper.ClassPathMapperScanner : No MyBatis mapper was found in '[com.example.test]' package. Please check your configuration.
14.在瀏覽器中輸入localhost:8080,回車顯示初始的index界面;到這項(xiàng)目的初步搭建已經(jīng)完成,下面可以下一些簡(jiǎn)單的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯,比如從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)獲取信息,登錄之類的簡(jiǎn)單功能;
15.在進(jìn)行下一步編寫時(shí),我們先來(lái)鏈接一下數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù);點(diǎn)擊右側(cè)的Database,點(diǎn)“加號(hào)”,新建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)鏈接;
16.填寫數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)相關(guān)信息,點(diǎn)擊Test Connection;
17.如果鏈接失敗可能是驅(qū)動(dòng)的問(wèn)題,點(diǎn)擊左上角的小扳手,進(jìn)入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)置界面
18.連接成功后,顯示數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)信息,user表的基本信息也顯示了,下面就照這個(gè)來(lái)了;
19.SpringBoot項(xiàng)目大概分為四層:
(1)DAO層:包括XxxMapper.java(數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)訪問(wèn)接口類),XxxMapper.xml(數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)鏈接實(shí)現(xiàn));(這個(gè)命名,有人喜歡用Dao命名,有人喜歡用Mapper,看個(gè)人習(xí)慣了吧)
(2)Bean層:也叫model層,模型層,entity層,實(shí)體層,就是數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表的映射實(shí)體類,存放POJO對(duì)象;
(3)Service層:也叫服務(wù)層,業(yè)務(wù)層,包括XxxService.java(業(yè)務(wù)接口類),XxxServiceImpl.java(業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)類);(可以在service文件夾下新建impl文件放業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)類,也可以把業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)類單獨(dú)放一個(gè)文件夾下,更清晰)
(4)Web層:就是Controller層,實(shí)現(xiàn)與web前端的交互。
依照上面四層,創(chuàng)建目錄結(jié)構(gòu)如下:
20.代碼展示:
(1)在application配置文件中添加MyBatis配置:
spring: datasource: name: test #數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)名 url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test #url username: root #用戶名 password: 123456 #密碼 driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver #數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)鏈接驅(qū)動(dòng) mybatis: mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml #配置映射文件 type-aliases-package: com.example.test.bean #配置實(shí)體類
(2)pom.xml文件配置信息(備注:這個(gè)文件以前沒(méi)有,2019/12/9日粉絲發(fā)現(xiàn)的,這個(gè)里面也添加了單元測(cè)試所需的配置,記得要重新導(dǎo)一下Maven包哦)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.example</groupId> <artifactId>test</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>test</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <!--thymeleaf模板引擎配置--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <!--Web依賴--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!--MyBatis配置--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>2.1.0</version> </dependency> <!--MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置--> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.41</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <!--單元測(cè)試配置--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
(3)Bean實(shí)體類,依據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表,生成set和get方法;
package com.example.test.bean; public class UserBean { private int id; private String name; private String password; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } }
(4)DAO層訪問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)接口文件:
package com.example.test.mapper; import com.example.test.bean.UserBean; public interface UserMapper { UserBean getInfo(String name,String password); }
(5)DAO層訪問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)現(xiàn)文件(需在resource包下創(chuàng)建mapper文件夾,然后再創(chuàng)建一個(gè)UserMapper.xml.在application配置文件中mybatis:mapper-locations:對(duì)應(yīng)的就是該文件地址),注意<mapper>標(biāo)簽的namespace屬性要填寫 訪問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)接口類文件路徑:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" > <mapper namespace="com.example.test.mapper.UserMapper"> <select id="getInfo" parameterType="String" resultType="com.example.test.bean.UserBean"> SELECT * FROM user WHERE name = #{name} AND password = #{password} </select> </mapper>
(6)Service層業(yè)務(wù)接口類編寫:
package com.example.test.service; import com.example.test.bean.UserBean; public interface UserService { UserBean loginIn(String name,String password); }
(7)Service層業(yè)務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)類編寫,注意要注解@Service,注入DAO:
package com.example.test.serviceImpl; import com.example.test.bean.UserBean; import com.example.test.mapper.UserMapper; import com.example.test.service.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { //將DAO注入Service層 @Autowired private UserMapper userMapper; @Override public UserBean loginIn(String name, String password) { return userMapper.getInfo(name,password); } }
(8)項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)類要添加注解@MapperScan項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)時(shí)掃描mapper接口,否則會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)找不到mapper文件:
package com.example.test; import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication @MapperScan("com.example.test.mapper") public class TestApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args); } }
(9)編寫測(cè)試類,看是否能成功 訪問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)信息:
package com.example.test; import com.example.test.bean.UserBean; import com.example.test.service.UserService; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class TestApplicationTests { @Autowired UserService userService; @Test public void contextLoads() { UserBean userBean = userService.loginIn("a","a"); System.out.println("該用戶ID為:"); System.out.println(userBean.getId()); } }
(10) controller層,注意添加@controller注解,注入Service服務(wù):
package com.example.test.controller; import com.example.test.bean.UserBean; import com.example.test.service.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; @Controller public class LoginController { //將Service注入Web層 @Autowired UserService userService; @RequestMapping("/login") public String show(){ return "login"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/loginIn",method = RequestMethod.POST) public String login(String name,String password){ UserBean userBean = userService.loginIn(name,password); if(userBean!=null){ return "success"; }else { return "error"; } } }
(11)html文件:
login.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>login</title> </head> <body> <form role="form" action = "/loginIn" method="post"> 賬號(hào):<input type="text" id="name" name = "name"> <br> 密碼:<input type="password" id = "password" name = "password"> <br> <input type="submit" id = "login" value = "login"> </form> </body> </html>
success.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>success</title> </head> <body> <h1>登錄成功!</h1> </body> </html>
error.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>error</title> </head> <body> <h1>登錄失??!</h1> </body> </html>
21.先運(yùn)行測(cè)試類,看是否成功獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)信息:
22.同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)一條警告信息,是數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接的jar包問(wèn)題:
2019-08-02 11:25:04.150 WARN 16868 --- [ main] com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource : Registered driver with driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver was not found, trying direct instantiation.
打開pom.xml文件,發(fā)現(xiàn)配置文件中未指定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接的jar包的版本號(hào),用version標(biāo)簽引入
<version>5.1.41</version>
重新運(yùn)行測(cè)試類,WARN警告消除
23.運(yùn)行TestApplication.java文件,啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)目,無(wú)任何WARN警告信息,進(jìn)入瀏覽器輸入localhost:8080/login
項(xiàng)目到這里就算完美結(jié)束了。
項(xiàng)目源碼放在GitHub上,可以下載參考:https://github.com/redesperado/SpringBoot.git
有一個(gè)基于本項(xiàng)目添加增刪改查功能的項(xiàng)目,僅供參考:https://github.com/redesperado/test1.git
附一個(gè)微服務(wù)項(xiàng)目搭建過(guò)程,有想學(xué)的可以參考一下
IDEA基于springboot采用Dubbo+zookeeper+Redis搭建微服務(wù)項(xiàng)目-詳細(xì)教程:https://blog.csdn.net/baidu_39298625/article/details/108330298
大家如果在創(chuàng)建過(guò)程 中遇到什么問(wèn)題,可以在下邊提供的鏈接中看看,這些是我在創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目過(guò)程遇到的問(wèn)題,希望可以幫到大家:
1.啟動(dòng)報(bào)錯(cuò):Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the conditions report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled.
https://blog.csdn.net/baidu_39298625/article/details/98261102
2.mapper.xml文件數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)字段報(bào)紅
https://blog.csdn.net/baidu_39298625/article/details/98265845
3.項(xiàng)目正常啟動(dòng),訪問(wèn)默認(rèn)index頁(yè)面時(shí)404
https://blog.csdn.net/baidu_39298625/article/details/98501840
4. 鏈接MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)報(bào)錯(cuò):java.sql.SQLException: The server time zone value '�й���ʱ��' is unrecognized or represents more than one time zone. You must configure either the server or JDBC driver (via the serverTimezone configuration property) to use a more specifc time zone value if you want to utilize time zone support.
https://blog.csdn.net/baidu_39298625/article/details/100915264
5.中文用戶名登錄失敗,無(wú)報(bào)錯(cuò)信息
https://blog.csdn.net/baidu_39298625/article/details/103494461
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