Spring中SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle的作用和區(qū)別
本文基于SpringBoot 2.5.0-M2講解Spring中Lifecycle和SmartLifecycle的作用和區(qū)別,以及如何控制SmartLifecycle的優(yōu)先級。
并講解SpringBoot中如何通過SmartLifecycle來啟動/停止web容器.
SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle作用
都是讓開發(fā)者可以在所有的bean都創(chuàng)建完成(getBean) 之后執(zhí)行自己的初始化工作,或者在退出時執(zhí)行資源銷毀工作。
SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle區(qū)別
1.SmartLifecycle接口繼承Lifecycle接口,同時繼承了org.springframework.context.Phased接口用于控制多個SmartLifecycle實現(xiàn)之間的優(yōu)先級。
2.在SpringBoot應(yīng)用中,或在Spring應(yīng)用中沒有調(diào)用AbstractApplicationContext#start方法,如果一個Bean只是實現(xiàn)了Lifecycle接口的情況下:
不會執(zhí)行Lifecycle接口中的啟動方法,包括Lifecycle#isRunning方法也不會被執(zhí)行。
但是在應(yīng)用 退出時 會執(zhí)行Lifecycle#isRunning方法判斷該Lifecycle是否已經(jīng)啟動,如果返回true則調(diào)用Lifecycle#stop()停止方法。
3. 如果一個Bean實現(xiàn)了SmartLifecycle接口,則會執(zhí)行啟動方法。先會被根據(jù)Phased接口優(yōu)先級分組,封裝在LifecycleGroup,然后循環(huán)調(diào)用LifecycleGroup#start()方法,SmartLifecycle#isRunning判斷是否已經(jīng)執(zhí)行,返回false表示還未執(zhí)行,則調(diào)用SmartLifecycle#start()執(zhí)行。Phased返回值越小,優(yōu)先級越高。
4.SmartLifecycle中還有個isAutoStartup方法,如果返回false,在啟動時也不會執(zhí)行start方法,默認(rèn)返回true
源碼分析
SmartLifecycle和Lifecycle都是在org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor中被調(diào)用,
DefaultLifecycleProcessor#onRefresh方法在執(zhí)行AbstractApplicationContext#finishRefresh時會被調(diào)用,調(diào)用棧如下:
startBeans:142, DefaultLifecycleProcessor (org.springframework.context.support) onRefresh:123, DefaultLifecycleProcessor (org.springframework.context.support) finishRefresh:934, AbstractApplicationContext (org.springframework.context.support) refresh:585, AbstractApplicationContext (org.springframework.context.support) refresh:144, ServletWebServerApplicationContext (org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context) refresh:755, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot) refreshContext:426, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot) run:326, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot) run:1299, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot) run:1288, SpringApplication (org.springframework.boot) main:31, DemoApplication (com.example.demo)
DefaultLifecycleProcessor#onRefresh源碼:
@Override
public void onRefresh() {
startBeans(true); //autoStartupOnly = true
this.running = true;
}
DefaultLifecycleProcessor#startBeans源碼如下:
autoStartupOnly 在onRefresh時傳入的是true,表示只執(zhí)行可以自動啟動的bean,即為:SmartLifecycle的實現(xiàn)類,并且SmartLifecycle#isAutoStartup返回值必須為true。
private void startBeans(boolean autoStartupOnly) {
Map<String, Lifecycle> lifecycleBeans = getLifecycleBeans();
Map<Integer, LifecycleGroup> phases = new TreeMap<>();
lifecycleBeans.forEach((beanName, bean) -> {
if (!autoStartupOnly || (bean instanceof SmartLifecycle && ((SmartLifecycle) bean).isAutoStartup())) {
int phase = getPhase(bean);
phases.computeIfAbsent(phase, p ->
new LifecycleGroup(phase, this.timeoutPerShutdownPhase, lifecycleBeans, autoStartupOnly)
).add(beanName, bean);
}
});
if (!phases.isEmpty()) {
phases.values().forEach(LifecycleGroup::start);
}
}
而Spring AbstractApplicationContext#doClose退出時,無論是SmartLifecycle或Lifecycle都會執(zhí)行isRunning方法,判斷是否已經(jīng)啟動,返回true表示已經(jīng)啟動,則執(zhí)行SmartLifecycle或Lifecycle的stop方法。
源碼見:org.springframework.context.support.DefaultLifecycleProcessor#doStop方法。
而執(zhí)行AbstractApplicationContext#doClose一般是應(yīng)用進(jìn)程退出,通過jvm注冊的鉤子方法,或者應(yīng)用程序編碼調(diào)用。
AbstractApplicationContext#registerShutdownHook源碼
@Override
public void registerShutdownHook() {
if (this.shutdownHook == null) {
// No shutdown hook registered yet.
this.shutdownHook = new Thread(SHUTDOWN_HOOK_THREAD_NAME) {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (startupShutdownMonitor) {
doClose();
}
}
};
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(this.shutdownHook);
}
}
自定義LifecycleProcessor處理Lifecycle
在源碼分析中提到了DefaultLifecycleProcessor,其實現(xiàn)了LifecycleProcessor接口。然而我們自己也可以實現(xiàn)該接口,替換默認(rèn)的DefaultLifecycleProcessor。SpringBoot中則是自己配置了DefaultLifecycleProcessor,我們可以按照同樣的方式,覆蓋默認(rèn)的實現(xiàn)。例如可以讓Lifecycle中的start()方法在onRefresh()時也能被執(zhí)行。
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration源碼:
/**
* {@link EnableAutoConfiguration Auto-configuration} relating to the application
* context's lifecycle.
*
* @author Andy Wilkinson
* @since 2.3.0
*/
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(LifecycleProperties.class)
public class LifecycleAutoConfiguration {
@Bean(name = AbstractApplicationContext.LIFECYCLE_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = AbstractApplicationContext.LIFECYCLE_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME,
search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public DefaultLifecycleProcessor defaultLifecycleProcessor(LifecycleProperties properties) {
DefaultLifecycleProcessor lifecycleProcessor = new DefaultLifecycleProcessor();
lifecycleProcessor.setTimeoutPerShutdownPhase(properties.getTimeoutPerShutdownPhase().toMillis());
return lifecycleProcessor;
}
}
SpringBoot中內(nèi)嵌web容器啟動時機(jī)
SpringBoo中就是通過實現(xiàn)SmartLifecycle來啟動內(nèi)嵌的web容器,實現(xiàn)類為WebServerStartStopLifecycle。
ServletWebServerApplicationContext在onRefresh方法中調(diào)用createWebServer,createWebServer方法中創(chuàng)建org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServer實例,該對象則包含了控制web容器(tomcat、jetty)的啟動與停止方法。
@Override
protected void onRefresh() {
super.onRefresh();
try {
createWebServer();
}catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);
}
}
ServletWebServerApplicationContext#createWebServer源碼:
private void createWebServer() {
WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {
StartupStep createWebServer = this.getApplicationStartup().start("spring.boot.webserver.create");
ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory();
createWebServer.tag("factory", factory.getClass().toString());
this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());
createWebServer.end();
getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerGracefulShutdown",
new WebServerGracefulShutdownLifecycle(this.webServer));
getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerStartStop",
new WebServerStartStopLifecycle(this, this.webServer));
}
else if (servletContext != null) {
try {
getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
}
catch (ServletException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex);
}
}
initPropertySources();
}
createWebServer方法會將創(chuàng)建的webServer封裝在WebServerStartStopLifecycle對象中,并注冊到Spring容器中。
org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.WebServerStartStopLifecycle源碼如下:
class WebServerStartStopLifecycle implements SmartLifecycle {
private final ServletWebServerApplicationContext applicationContext;
private final WebServer webServer;
private volatile boolean running;
WebServerStartStopLifecycle(ServletWebServerApplicationContext applicationContext, WebServer webServer) {
this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
this.webServer = webServer;
}
@Override
public void start() {
this.webServer.start();
this.running = true;
this.applicationContext
.publishEvent(new ServletWebServerInitializedEvent(this.webServer, this.applicationContext));
}
@Override
public void stop() { this.webServer.stop(); }
@Override
public boolean isRunning() { return this.running; }
@Override
public int getPhase() { return Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1; }
}
WebServerStartStopLifecycle則實現(xiàn)了SmartLifecycle接口,當(dāng)Spring回調(diào)到SmartLifecycle接口方法時則調(diào)用this.webServer.start();啟動web容器,web容器啟動完成之后會通過applicationContext發(fā)布ServletWebServerInitializedEvent事件,表示web容器啟動成功,可以接收http請求。
和SmartInitializingSingleton區(qū)別
相同點(diǎn):SmartInitializingSingleton和Lifecycle、SmartLifecycle都是在所有的單實例bean創(chuàng)建(getBean方法)之后執(zhí)行。
不同點(diǎn):
SmartInitializingSingleton優(yōu)先于Lifecycle、SmartLifecycle執(zhí)行。SmartInitializingSingleton只有一個afterSingletonsInstantiated方法。而Lifecycle有start,stop,isRunning等方法。- 多個
SmartInitializingSingleton實現(xiàn)之間無法排序控制執(zhí)行的順序,而SmartLifecycle實現(xiàn)了Phased接口,可以通過int getPhase()控制執(zhí)行循序。 SmartInitializingSingleton之間可以通過@DependsOn來控制執(zhí)行順序,但這是由Spring中@DependsOn注解的作用及原理來實現(xiàn)的. 并不是對SmartInitializingSingleton做了排序。
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