C#并發(fā)容器之ConcurrentDictionary與普通Dictionary帶鎖性能詳解
結(jié)果已經(jīng)寫在注釋中
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var concurrentDictionary = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, string>();
var dictionary = new Dictionary<int, string>();
var sw = new Stopwatch();
sw.Start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
{
lock (dictionary)
{
dictionary[i] = Item;
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("wrinting to dictionary with a lock: {0}", sw.Elapsed);
//wrinting to dictionary with a lock: 00:00:00.0633939
sw.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
{
concurrentDictionary[i] = Item;
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("wrinting to a concurrent dictionary: {0}", sw.Elapsed);
//wrinting to a concurrent dictionary: 00:00:00.2889851
//對于寫入操作并發(fā)詞典要比普通帶鎖詞典要慢
sw.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
{
lock (dictionary)
{
CurrentItem = dictionary[i];
}
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("reading from dictionary with a lock: {0}", sw.Elapsed);
//reading from dictionary with a lock: 00:00:00.0286066
sw.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
{
CurrentItem = concurrentDictionary[i];
}
sw.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("reading from a concurrent dictionary: {0}", sw.Elapsed);
//reading from a concurrent dictionary: 00:00:00.0196372
//對于讀取操作并發(fā)詞典要比普通帶鎖詞典要快
//concurrentDictionary采用細(xì)粒度鎖定[fine-grained locking]
//普通帶鎖dictionary采用粗粒度鎖定[coarse-grained locking]
//在多核多線程的情況下concurrentDictionary將有更好的性能表現(xiàn)
sw.Restart();
Console.ReadKey();
}
const string Item = "Dictionary item";
public static string CurrentItem;
補(bǔ)充:C#中普通字典(Dictionary)、并發(fā)字典(ConcurrentDictionary)、和哈希表(Hashtable)讀寫性能比較
一、說明
程序有時(shí)候需要并發(fā)多線程操作,多線程讀取同一個(gè)容器內(nèi)的東西是可以的,但是如果需要修改及寫入到同一容器內(nèi),會(huì)有索引失敗的問題,即兩個(gè)進(jìn)程同時(shí)向同一個(gè)位置寫入內(nèi)容,這種情況下需要通過lock(var),將容器鎖定,也可以直接使用可并發(fā)讀寫的容器(ConcurrentDictionary)
測試分2部分,一次是寫入操作,包含帶鎖寫入和不帶鎖寫入,其中每個(gè)里面又細(xì)分為寫入字符串和寫入一個(gè)類,還有一次是遍歷操作,同樣包含帶鎖讀和不帶鎖讀,其中也分為讀取字符串和讀取類。
二、測試結(jié)果

2.1、寫入用時(shí)

2.2、遍歷用時(shí)

2.3、結(jié)論
對于寫入操作速度:普通詞典 > HashTable > 并發(fā)詞典
對于讀操作速度:并發(fā)字典 > 帶鎖字典 > HashTable
無論普通字典還是HashTable,帶鎖花費(fèi)的時(shí)間都要比不帶鎖慢,為了線程安全,肯定要犧牲時(shí)間的。
所以如果需要自己寫入的話,推薦帶鎖普通字典,讀寫速度都很均衡。
三、測試代碼如下
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace BaseMultiThread
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ConcurrentDictionary<int, string> _CctDic= new ConcurrentDictionary<int, string>();
ConcurrentDictionary<int, Student> _CctDicClass = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, Student>();
Dictionary<int, string> _Dic = new Dictionary<int, string>();
Dictionary<int, Student> _DicClass = new Dictionary<int, Student>();
Hashtable _Ht = new Hashtable();
Hashtable _HtClass = new Hashtable();
string _CurrentItem = "";
const string _Item = "字符串";
const int _NUM = 10000000;//執(zhí)行次數(shù)
Student _CurrentStudent = null;
Student student = new Student { Name = _Item, Age = 23 };
Stopwatch _SW = new Stopwatch();
//字符串寫入字典(無鎖)
_SW.Start();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
_Dic[i] = _Item;
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("向字典寫入【字符串】不添加鎖(Lock)花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
//字符串寫入字典(有鎖)
_Dic = new Dictionary<int, string>();
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
lock (_Dic)
{
_Dic[i] = _Item;
}
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("向字典寫入【字符串】添加鎖(Lock)花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
//類寫入字典(無鎖)
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
_DicClass[i] = student;
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("向子典寫入【學(xué)生類】不添加鎖(Lock)花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
//類寫入字典(有鎖)
_DicClass = new Dictionary<int, Student>();
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
lock (_DicClass)
{
_DicClass[i] = student;
}
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("向子典寫入【學(xué)生類】添加鎖(Lock)花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------------");
//字符串寫入HashTable(無鎖)
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
_Ht[i] = _Item;
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("向HashTable寫入【字符串】不添加鎖(Lock)花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
//字符串寫入HashTable(有鎖)
_Ht = new Hashtable();
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
lock (_Ht)
{
_Ht[i] = _Item;
}
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("向HashTable寫入【字符串】添加鎖(Lock)花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
//類寫入HashTable(無鎖)
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
_HtClass[i] = student;
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("向HashTable寫入【學(xué)生類】不添加鎖(Lock)花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
//類寫入HashTable(有鎖)
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
lock (_HtClass)
{
_HtClass[i] = student;
}
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("向HashTable寫入【學(xué)生類】添加鎖(Lock)花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------------------------------");
//字符串寫入ConcurrentDictionary
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
_CctDic[i] = _Item;
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("向ConcurrentDictionary寫入【字符串】 花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
//類寫入ConcurrentDictionary
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
_CctDicClass[i] = student;
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("向ConcurrentDictionary寫入【學(xué)生類】 花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------------------------");
//遍歷普通字典(無鎖)
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
_CurrentItem = _Dic[i];
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("遍歷【普通】字典(無鎖) 花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
//遍歷普通字典(有鎖)
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
lock (_Dic)
{
_CurrentItem = _Dic[i];
}
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("遍歷【普通】字典(有鎖) 花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
//遍歷類字典(無鎖)
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
_CurrentStudent = _DicClass[i];
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("遍歷【學(xué)生類】字典(無鎖) 花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
//遍歷類字典(有鎖)
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
lock (_Dic)
{
_CurrentStudent = _DicClass[i];
}
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("遍歷【學(xué)生類】字典(有鎖) 花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------------------------");
//遍歷HashTable(無鎖)
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
_CurrentItem = _Ht[i].ToString();
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("遍歷【HashTable】字典(無鎖) 花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
//遍歷HashTable(有鎖)
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
lock (_Dic)
{
_CurrentItem = _Ht[i].ToString();
}
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("遍歷【HashTable】字典(有鎖) 花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
//遍歷HashTable類(無鎖)
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
_CurrentStudent = (Student)_HtClass[i];
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("遍歷【HashTable學(xué)生類】字典(無鎖) 花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
//遍歷HashTable類(有鎖)
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
lock (_Dic)
{
_CurrentStudent = (Student)_HtClass[i];
}
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("遍歷【HashTable學(xué)生類】字典(有鎖) 花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------------------------");
//遍歷ConCurrent字典
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
_CurrentItem = _CctDic[i];
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("遍歷【ConCurrent字典】(字符串) 花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
//遍歷ConCurrent字典(類)
_SW.Restart();
for (int i = 0; i < _NUM; i++)
{
_CurrentStudent = _CctDicClass[i];
}
_SW.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("遍歷【ConCurrent字典】(學(xué)生類) 花費(fèi)時(shí)間為:{0} 毫秒", _SW.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
Console.WriteLine("--------------------------------------------------------");
_SW.Restart();
Console.WriteLine("-------------------結(jié)束---------------------------");
Console.ReadLine();
}
}//Class_end
public class Student
{
public string Name;
public int Age;
}
}
以上為個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn),希望能給大家一個(gè)參考,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。如有錯(cuò)誤或未考慮完全的地方,望不吝賜教。
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