詳解Android布局加載流程源碼
一.首先看布局層次 看這么幾張圖
我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)DecorView里面包裹的內容可能會隨著不同的情況而變化,但是在Decor之前的層次關系都是固定的。即Activity包裹PhoneWindow,PhoneWindow包裹DecorView。接下來我們首先看一下三者分別是如何創(chuàng)建的。
二.Activity是如何創(chuàng)建的
首先看到入口類ActivityThread的performLaunchActivity方法:
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) { ... ContextImpl appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r); Activity activity = null; try { java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader(); activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity( cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent); StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass()); r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl); r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess(); if (r.state != null) { r.state.setClassLoader(cl); } } catch (Exception e) { ... }
有句特別關鍵的代碼,即
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
所以activity是Instrumentation類的newActivity方法創(chuàng)建的,追蹤過去,源碼如下
public Activity newActivity(ClassLoader cl, String className, Intent intent) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException { String pkg = intent != null && intent.getComponent() != null ? intent.getComponent().getPackageName() : null; return getFactory(pkg).instantiateActivity(cl, className, intent); }
追蹤源碼,可知getFactory方法返回一個AppComponentFactory對象,然后調用AppComponentFactory的instantiateActivity方法,繼續(xù)追蹤
public @NonNull Activity instantiateActivity(@NonNull ClassLoader cl, @NonNull String className, @Nullable Intent intent) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException { return (Activity) cl.loadClass(className).newInstance(); }
到這里就結束了,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)Activity是通過反射創(chuàng)建的。
三.PhoneWindow的創(chuàng)建
我們還是回到ActivityThread的performLaunchActivity方法,在剛剛展示的那一段的下面有如下部分代碼
Window window = null; if (r.mPendingRemoveWindow != null && r.mPreserveWindow) { window = r.mPendingRemoveWindow; r.mPendingRemoveWindow = null; r.mPendingRemoveWindowManager = null; } // Activity resources must be initialized with the same loaders as the // application context. appContext.getResources().addLoaders( app.getResources().getLoaders().toArray(new ResourcesLoader[0])); appContext.setOuterContext(activity); activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token, r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent, r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config, r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor, window, r.configCallback, r.assistToken);
在activity.attach這個方法中,傳入了一個Window對象,追蹤這個attach方法,里面有一句關鍵代碼
mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this, window, activityConfigCallback);
此時就創(chuàng)建了PhoneWindow。所以我們可以知道,在Activity創(chuàng)建完之后,會為當前的Activity創(chuàng)建一個PhoneWindow對象。
四.DecorView的創(chuàng)建
DecorView的創(chuàng)建就不是performLaunchActivity方法里面了,這次我們從Activity的setContentView的源碼開始分析。下面的Activity的setContentView方法的內容。
public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) { getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID); initWindowDecorActionBar(); }
我們發(fā)現(xiàn),Activity的setContentView實際是調用了PhoneWindow的setContentView方法,跟蹤源碼。我們會首先進入Window抽象類,然后我們找其子類PhoneWindow,在里面找到setContentView方法
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) { if (mContentParent == null) { installDecor(); } else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) { mContentParent.removeAllViews(); } ...
當mContentParent為null時,會調用installDecor方法,追蹤進入
private void installDecor() { mForceDecorInstall = false; if (mDecor == null) { mDecor = generateDecor(-1); mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS); mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true); if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) { mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable); } } else { mDecor.setWindow(this); } ...
它調用了generateDecor方法,追蹤進入
protected DecorView generateDecor(int featureId) { // System process doesn't have application context and in that case we need to directly use // the context we have. Otherwise we want the application context, so we don't cling to the // activity. Context context; if (mUseDecorContext) { Context applicationContext = getContext().getApplicationContext(); if (applicationContext == null) { context = getContext(); } else { context = new DecorContext(applicationContext, this); if (mTheme != -1) { context.setTheme(mTheme); } } } else { context = getContext(); } return new DecorView(context, featureId, this, getAttributes()); }
會發(fā)現(xiàn)generateDecor方法會創(chuàng)建一個DecorView對象,并且作為返回值返回。再追蹤DecorView
public class DecorView extends FrameLayout implements RootViewSurfaceTaker, WindowCallbacks
會發(fā)現(xiàn)DecorView其實是一個FrameLayout 。到這就介紹完DecorView是如何創(chuàng)建的了
五.布局加載流程
我們回到PhoneWindow的installDecor方法,再剛剛看的部分的下面,有(2692行)
if (mContentParent == null) {mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
追蹤進入
protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) { // Apply data from current theme. TypedArray a = getWindowStyle(); if (false) { System.out.println("From style:"); String s = "Attrs:"; for (int i = 0; i < R.styleable.Window.length; i++) { s = s + " " + Integer.toHexString(R.styleable.Window[i]) + "=" + a.getString(i); } System.out.println(s); } mIsFloating = a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowIsFloating, false); int flagsToUpdate = (FLAG_LAYOUT_IN_SCREEN|FLAG_LAYOUT_INSET_DECOR) & (~getForcedWindowFlags()); if (mIsFloating) { setLayout(WRAP_CONTENT, WRAP_CONTENT); setFlags(0, flagsToUpdate); } else { setFlags(FLAG_LAYOUT_IN_SCREEN|FLAG_LAYOUT_INSET_DECOR, flagsToUpdate); getAttributes().setFitInsetsSides(0); getAttributes().setFitInsetsTypes(0); } if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowNoTitle, false)) { requestFeature(FEATURE_NO_TITLE); } else if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowActionBar, false)) { // Don't allow an action bar if there is no title. requestFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR); } if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowActionBarOverlay, false)) { requestFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR_OVERLAY); } if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowActionModeOverlay, false)) { requestFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_MODE_OVERLAY); } if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowFullscreen, false)) { setFlags(FLAG_FULLSCREEN, FLAG_FULLSCREEN & (~getForcedWindowFlags())); } if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowTranslucentStatus, false)) { setFlags(FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS, FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS & (~getForcedWindowFlags())); } if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowTranslucentNavigation, false)) { setFlags(FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_NAVIGATION, FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_NAVIGATION & (~getForcedWindowFlags())); } if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowShowWallpaper, false)) { setFlags(FLAG_SHOW_WALLPAPER, FLAG_SHOW_WALLPAPER&(~getForcedWindowFlags())); } if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowEnableSplitTouch, getContext().getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)) { setFlags(FLAG_SPLIT_TOUCH, FLAG_SPLIT_TOUCH&(~getForcedWindowFlags())); } a.getValue(R.styleable.Window_windowMinWidthMajor, mMinWidthMajor); a.getValue(R.styleable.Window_windowMinWidthMinor, mMinWidthMinor); if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "Min width minor: " + mMinWidthMinor.coerceToString() + ", major: " + mMinWidthMajor.coerceToString()); if (a.hasValue(R.styleable.Window_windowFixedWidthMajor)) { if (mFixedWidthMajor == null) mFixedWidthMajor = new TypedValue(); a.getValue(R.styleable.Window_windowFixedWidthMajor, mFixedWidthMajor); } if (a.hasValue(R.styleable.Window_windowFixedWidthMinor)) { if (mFixedWidthMinor == null) mFixedWidthMinor = new TypedValue(); a.getValue(R.styleable.Window_windowFixedWidthMinor, mFixedWidthMinor); } if (a.hasValue(R.styleable.Window_windowFixedHeightMajor)) { if (mFixedHeightMajor == null) mFixedHeightMajor = new TypedValue(); a.getValue(R.styleable.Window_windowFixedHeightMajor, mFixedHeightMajor); } if (a.hasValue(R.styleable.Window_windowFixedHeightMinor)) { if (mFixedHeightMinor == null) mFixedHeightMinor = new TypedValue(); a.getValue(R.styleable.Window_windowFixedHeightMinor, mFixedHeightMinor); } if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowContentTransitions, false)) { requestFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS); } if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowActivityTransitions, false)) { requestFeature(FEATURE_ACTIVITY_TRANSITIONS); } mIsTranslucent = a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowIsTranslucent, false); final Context context = getContext(); final int targetSdk = context.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion; final boolean targetPreL = targetSdk < android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP; final boolean targetPreQ = targetSdk < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q; if (!mForcedStatusBarColor) { mStatusBarColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.Window_statusBarColor, 0xFF000000); } if (!mForcedNavigationBarColor) { mNavigationBarColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.Window_navigationBarColor, 0xFF000000); mNavigationBarDividerColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.Window_navigationBarDividerColor, 0x00000000); } if (!targetPreQ) { mEnsureStatusBarContrastWhenTransparent = a.getBoolean( R.styleable.Window_enforceStatusBarContrast, false); mEnsureNavigationBarContrastWhenTransparent = a.getBoolean( R.styleable.Window_enforceNavigationBarContrast, true); } WindowManager.LayoutParams params = getAttributes(); // Non-floating windows on high end devices must put up decor beneath the system bars and // therefore must know about visibility changes of those. if (!mIsFloating) { if (!targetPreL && a.getBoolean( R.styleable.Window_windowDrawsSystemBarBackgrounds, false)) { setFlags(FLAG_DRAWS_SYSTEM_BAR_BACKGROUNDS, FLAG_DRAWS_SYSTEM_BAR_BACKGROUNDS & ~getForcedWindowFlags()); } if (mDecor.mForceWindowDrawsBarBackgrounds) { params.privateFlags |= PRIVATE_FLAG_FORCE_DRAW_BAR_BACKGROUNDS; } } if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowLightStatusBar, false)) { decor.setSystemUiVisibility( decor.getSystemUiVisibility() | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LIGHT_STATUS_BAR); } if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowLightNavigationBar, false)) { decor.setSystemUiVisibility( decor.getSystemUiVisibility() | View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LIGHT_NAVIGATION_BAR); } if (a.hasValue(R.styleable.Window_windowLayoutInDisplayCutoutMode)) { int mode = a.getInt(R.styleable.Window_windowLayoutInDisplayCutoutMode, -1); if (mode < LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_DEFAULT || mode > LAYOUT_IN_DISPLAY_CUTOUT_MODE_ALWAYS) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unknown windowLayoutInDisplayCutoutMode: " + a.getString(R.styleable.Window_windowLayoutInDisplayCutoutMode)); } params.layoutInDisplayCutoutMode = mode; } if (mAlwaysReadCloseOnTouchAttr || getContext().getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) { if (a.getBoolean( R.styleable.Window_windowCloseOnTouchOutside, false)) { setCloseOnTouchOutsideIfNotSet(true); } } if (!hasSoftInputMode()) { params.softInputMode = a.getInt( R.styleable.Window_windowSoftInputMode, params.softInputMode); } if (a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_backgroundDimEnabled, mIsFloating)) { /* All dialogs should have the window dimmed */ if ((getForcedWindowFlags()&WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_DIM_BEHIND) == 0) { params.flags |= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_DIM_BEHIND; } if (!haveDimAmount()) { params.dimAmount = a.getFloat( android.R.styleable.Window_backgroundDimAmount, 0.5f); } } if (params.windowAnimations == 0) { params.windowAnimations = a.getResourceId( R.styleable.Window_windowAnimationStyle, 0); } // The rest are only done if this window is not embedded; otherwise, // the values are inherited from our container. if (getContainer() == null) { if (mBackgroundDrawable == null) { if (mFrameResource == 0) { mFrameResource = a.getResourceId(R.styleable.Window_windowFrame, 0); } if (a.hasValue(R.styleable.Window_windowBackground)) { mBackgroundDrawable = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.Window_windowBackground); } } if (a.hasValue(R.styleable.Window_windowBackgroundFallback)) { mBackgroundFallbackDrawable = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.Window_windowBackgroundFallback); } if (mLoadElevation) { mElevation = a.getDimension(R.styleable.Window_windowElevation, 0); } mClipToOutline = a.getBoolean(R.styleable.Window_windowClipToOutline, false); mTextColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.Window_textColor, Color.TRANSPARENT); } // Inflate the window decor. int layoutResource; int features = getLocalFeatures(); // System.out.println("Features: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(features)); if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_LEFT_ICON) | (1 << FEATURE_RIGHT_ICON))) != 0) { if (mIsFloating) { TypedValue res = new TypedValue(); getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute( R.attr.dialogTitleIconsDecorLayout, res, true); layoutResource = res.resourceId; } else { layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title_icons; } // XXX Remove this once action bar supports these features. removeFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR); // System.out.println("Title Icons!"); } else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_PROGRESS) | (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS))) != 0 && (features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) == 0) { // Special case for a window with only a progress bar (and title). // XXX Need to have a no-title version of embedded windows. layoutResource = R.layout.screen_progress; // System.out.println("Progress!"); } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_CUSTOM_TITLE)) != 0) { // Special case for a window with a custom title. // If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout if (mIsFloating) { TypedValue res = new TypedValue(); getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute( R.attr.dialogCustomTitleDecorLayout, res, true); layoutResource = res.resourceId; } else { layoutResource = R.layout.screen_custom_title; } // XXX Remove this once action bar supports these features. removeFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR); } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_NO_TITLE)) == 0) { // If no other features and not embedded, only need a title. // If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout if (mIsFloating) { TypedValue res = new TypedValue(); getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute( R.attr.dialogTitleDecorLayout, res, true); layoutResource = res.resourceId; } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) != 0) { layoutResource = a.getResourceId( R.styleable.Window_windowActionBarFullscreenDecorLayout, R.layout.screen_action_bar); } else { layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title; } // System.out.println("Title!"); } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_MODE_OVERLAY)) != 0) { layoutResource = R.layout.screen_simple_overlay_action_mode; } else { // Embedded, so no decoration is needed. layoutResource = R.layout.screen_simple; // System.out.println("Simple!"); } mDecor.startChanging(); mDecor.onResourcesLoaded(mLayoutInflater, layoutResource); ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT); if (contentParent == null) { throw new RuntimeException("Window couldn't find content container view"); } if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS)) != 0) { ProgressBar progress = getCircularProgressBar(false); if (progress != null) { progress.setIndeterminate(true); } } // Remaining setup -- of background and title -- that only applies // to top-level windows. if (getContainer() == null) { mDecor.setWindowBackground(mBackgroundDrawable); final Drawable frame; if (mFrameResource != 0) { frame = getContext().getDrawable(mFrameResource); } else { frame = null; } mDecor.setWindowFrame(frame); mDecor.setElevation(mElevation); mDecor.setClipToOutline(mClipToOutline); if (mTitle != null) { setTitle(mTitle); } if (mTitleColor == 0) { mTitleColor = mTextColor; } setTitleColor(mTitleColor); } mDecor.finishChanging(); return contentParent; }
分析源碼和源碼注釋可以看出generateLayout方法的核心功能是完成DecorView的布局加載,而且根據(jù)不同的主題樣式會加載不同的系統(tǒng)默認布局。那么比如有FrameLayout布局,它如何加載到DecorView中呢?
在generateLayout方法中,有這么一句
mDecor.onResourcesLoaded(mLayoutInflater, layoutResource);
追蹤進入
void onResourcesLoaded(LayoutInflater inflater, int layoutResource) { if (mBackdropFrameRenderer != null) { loadBackgroundDrawablesIfNeeded(); mBackdropFrameRenderer.onResourcesLoaded( this, mResizingBackgroundDrawable, mCaptionBackgroundDrawable, mUserCaptionBackgroundDrawable, getCurrentColor(mStatusColorViewState), getCurrentColor(mNavigationColorViewState)); } mDecorCaptionView = createDecorCaptionView(inflater); final View root = inflater.inflate(layoutResource, null); if (mDecorCaptionView != null) { if (mDecorCaptionView.getParent() == null) { addView(mDecorCaptionView, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT)); } mDecorCaptionView.addView(root, new ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT)); } else { // Put it below the color views. addView(root, 0, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT)); } mContentRoot = (ViewGroup) root; initializeElevation(); }
關鍵在這里
mDecorCaptionView = createDecorCaptionView(inflater); final View root = inflater.inflate(layoutResource, null); if (mDecorCaptionView != null) { ... mDecorCaptionView.addView(root, new ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT)); }
可以看到layoutResource作為參數(shù),通過inflate方法進行解析加載。然后作為參數(shù),傳入addView方法,將布局掛載到上面。至此完成了DecorView的默認布局加載。如果是我們自己編寫的布局是如何加載呢?再回到generateLayout的
mDecor.onResourcesLoaded(mLayoutInflater, layoutResource);
,在此之后,有這么一句
ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);
在DecorView執(zhí)行onResourcesLoaded方法加載完默認布局后,會查找Id為ID_ANDROID_CONTENT的控件(默認布局中的FrameLayout控件)并作為generateLayout方法的返回值,我們回到setContentView方法中,可觀察到以下代碼:
mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
所以,我們自己編寫的布局是被加載到DecorView中Id為ID_ANDROID_CONTENT的控件上
六.總結
當Activity創(chuàng)建后會創(chuàng)建出一個PhoneWindow對象,當在Activity中調用setContentView時,實際上是調用了PhoneWindow的setContentView方法,此時PhoneWindow會創(chuàng)建根布局DecorView,并根據(jù)主題樣式,為DecorView加載對應的默認系統(tǒng)布局,在默認的系統(tǒng)布局中包含了一個Id為ID_ANDROID_CONTENT的控件,而我們自己編寫的布局就是加載到這個控件中的。
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