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Qt繪制圖表的實現(xiàn)

 更新時間：2021年05月20日 10:14:54   作者：zhengcixi  
Qt中提供了強大的2D繪圖系統(tǒng),可以使用同一API實現(xiàn)在屏幕和繪圖設備上進行繪制，本文就詳細的介紹了Qt繪制坐標圖、柱狀圖、折線圖、餅圖、曲線圖、散點圖等，感興趣的可以了解一下

1 簡介

使用Qt的charts模塊來繪制圖表，案例來自Qt自帶的demo。

charts模塊簡介：Qt Chars模塊提供了一系列容易使用的圖表組件。需要使用charts組件時，需要導入Qt Charts模塊，通過如下方式：QT += charts

在安裝Qt Creator的時候，需要勾選上這個模塊，不然是不能使用的。

2 Qt Charts總覽

Qt Chars支持繪制：坐標圖、柱狀圖、折線圖、餅圖、曲線圖、散點圖等。

3 測試及說明

首先創(chuàng)建一個工程，繼承至MainWindow組件。

（1）繪制折線圖

折線圖通過線段展示一系列相關聯(lián)的點。

使用的類：QLineSeries

測試代碼：

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);

    /*
     * LineChart Example
     */
    //添加一個QLineSeries實例
    QLineSeries *lineseries = new QLineSeries();
    //添加數(shù)據(jù)（點），有兩種方式
    lineseries->append(0, 6);  //參數(shù)分別為橫縱坐標
    lineseries->append(2, 4);
    lineseries->append(3, 8);
    lineseries->append(7, 4);
    *lineseries << QPointF(11, 1) << QPointF(13, 3) << QPointF(17, 6) << QPointF(18, 3) << QPointF(20, 2);
    //添加一個QChart實例，為了展示數(shù)據(jù)
    QChart *chart = new QChart();
    chart->legend()->hide();  //隱藏圖例
    chart->addSeries(lineseries);
    chart->createDefaultAxes();
    chart->setTitle("Simple line chart example");
    //添加一個QChartView圖例
    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);
    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);  //呈現(xiàn)方式
    //顯示
    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->resize(400, 300);
    this->show();
}

運行測試：

（2）繪制曲線圖

使用的類：QSplineSeries

測試代碼：

QSplineSeries *series = new QSplineSeries();
    series->setName("spline");
    series->append(0, 6);
    series->append(2, 4);
    series->append(3, 8);
    series->append(7, 4);
    series->append(10, 5);

    QChart *chart = new QChart();
    chart->legend()->hide();
    chart->addSeries(series);
    chart->setTitle("Simple spline chart example");
    chart->createDefaultAxes();
    chart->axisY()->setRange(0, 10);

    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);
    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);

    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->resize(400, 300);
    this->show();

運行測試：

（3）繪制面積圖

使用的類：QAreaSeries

測試代碼：

QLineSeries *series0 = new QLineSeries();
    QLineSeries *series1 = new QLineSeries();
    *series0 << QPointF(1, 5) << QPointF(3, 7) << QPointF(7, 6) << QPointF(9, 7) << QPointF(12, 6)
             << QPointF(16, 7) << QPointF(18, 5);
    *series1 << QPointF(1, 3) << QPointF(3, 4) << QPointF(7, 3) << QPointF(8, 2) << QPointF(12, 3)
             << QPointF(16, 4) << QPointF(18, 3);

    QAreaSeries *series = new QAreaSeries(series0, series1);
    series->setName("Batman");
    QPen pen(0x059605);
    pen.setWidth(3);
    series->setPen(pen);

    QChart *chart = new QChart();
    chart->addSeries(series);
    chart->setTitle("Simple areachart example");
    chart->createDefaultAxes();
    chart->axisX()->setRange(0, 20);
    chart->axisY()->setRange(0, 10);

    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);
    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);

    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->resize(400, 300);
    this->show();

運行測試：

（4）繪制散點圖

使用的類：QScatterSeries

測試代碼：

QScatterSeries *series0 = new QScatterSeries();
    series0->setName("scatter1");
    series0->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeCircle);
    series0->setMarkerSize(5.0);

    QScatterSeries *series1 = new QScatterSeries();
    series1->setName("scatter2");
    series1->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeRectangle);
    series1->setMarkerSize(10.0);

    QScatterSeries *series2 = new QScatterSeries();
    series2->setName("scatter3");
    series2->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeRectangle);
    series2->setMarkerSize(15.0);

    series0->append(0, 6);
    series0->append(2, 4);
    series0->append(3, 8);
    series0->append(7, 4);
    series0->append(10, 5);
    *series1 << QPointF(1, 1) << QPointF(3, 3) << QPointF(7, 6) << QPointF(8, 3) << QPointF(10, 2);
    *series2 << QPointF(1, 5) << QPointF(4, 6) << QPointF(6, 3) << QPointF(9, 5);

    QChart *chart = new QChart();
    chart->addSeries(series0);
    chart->addSeries(series1);
    chart->addSeries(series2);
    chart->setTitle("Simple scatterchart example");
    chart->createDefaultAxes();
    chart->setDropShadowEnabled(false);

    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);
    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);

    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->resize(400, 300);
    this->show();

運行測試：

（5）繪制柱狀圖

使用的類：QBarSeries

測試代碼：

QBarSet *set0 = new QBarSet("Jane");
    QBarSet *set1 = new QBarSet("John");
    QBarSet *set2 = new QBarSet("Axel");
    QBarSet *set3 = new QBarSet("Mary");
    QBarSet *set4 = new QBarSet("Samantha");

    *set0 << 1 << 2 << 3 << 4 << 5 << 6;
    *set1 << 5 << 0 << 0 << 4 << 0 << 7;
    *set2 << 3 << 5 << 8 << 13 << 8 << 5;
    *set3 << 5 << 6 << 7 << 3 << 4 << 5;
    *set4 << 9 << 7 << 5 << 3 << 1 << 2;

    QBarSeries *series = new QBarSeries();
    series->append(set0);
    series->append(set1);
    series->append(set2);
    series->append(set3);
    series->append(set4);

    QChart *chart = new QChart();
    chart->addSeries(series);
    chart->setTitle("Simple barchart example");
    chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::SeriesAnimations);

    QStringList categories;
    categories << "Jan" << "Feb" << "Mar" << "Apr" << "May" << "Jun";
    QBarCategoryAxis *axis = new QBarCategoryAxis();
    axis->append(categories);
    chart->createDefaultAxes();
    chart->setAxisX(axis, series);

    chart->legend()->setVisible(true);
    chart->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignBottom);

    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);
    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);

    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->resize(400, 300);
    this->show();

運行測試：

（6）繪制餅圖

使用的類：QPieSeries

測試代碼：

QPieSeries *series = new QPieSeries();
    series->append("Jane", 1);
    series->append("Joe", 2);
    series->append("Andy", 3);
    series->append("Barbara", 4);
    series->append("Axel", 5);

    QPieSlice *slice = series->slices().at(1);
    slice->setExploded();
    slice->setLabelVisible();
    slice->setPen(QPen(Qt::darkGreen, 2));
    slice->setBrush(Qt::green);

    QChart *chart = new QChart();
    chart->addSeries(series);
    chart->setTitle("Simple piechart example");
    chart->legend()->hide();

    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);
    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);

    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->resize(400, 300);
    this->show();

運行測試：

完整的測試代碼：

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#include <QtCharts>
#include <QPainter>
#include <QPainterPath>
#include <QtMath>
#include <QImage>

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);

#if 0
    /*
     * LineChart Example
     */
    //添加一個QLineSeries實例
    QLineSeries *lineseries = new QLineSeries();
    //添加數(shù)據(jù)（點），有兩種方式
    lineseries->append(0, 6);  //參數(shù)分別為橫縱坐標
    lineseries->append(2, 4);
    lineseries->append(3, 8);
    lineseries->append(7, 4);
    *lineseries << QPointF(11, 1) << QPointF(13, 3) << QPointF(17, 6) << QPointF(18, 3) << QPointF(20, 2);
    //添加一個QChart實例，為了展示數(shù)據(jù)
    QChart *chart = new QChart();
    chart->legend()->hide();  //隱藏圖例
    chart->addSeries(lineseries);
    chart->createDefaultAxes();
    chart->setTitle("Simple line chart example");
    //添加一個QChartView圖例
    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);
    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);  //呈現(xiàn)方式
    //顯示
    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->resize(400, 300);
    this->show();
#endif

#if 0
    /*
     * SplineChart Example
    */
    QSplineSeries *series = new QSplineSeries();
    series->setName("spline");
    series->append(0, 6);
    series->append(2, 4);
    series->append(3, 8);
    series->append(7, 4);
    series->append(10, 5);

    QChart *chart = new QChart();
    chart->legend()->hide();
    chart->addSeries(series);
    chart->setTitle("Simple spline chart example");
    chart->createDefaultAxes();
    chart->axisY()->setRange(0, 10);

    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);
    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);

    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->resize(400, 300);
    this->show();
#endif

#if 0
    /*
    * AreaChart Example
    */
    QLineSeries *series0 = new QLineSeries();
    QLineSeries *series1 = new QLineSeries();
    *series0 << QPointF(1, 5) << QPointF(3, 7) << QPointF(7, 6) << QPointF(9, 7) << QPointF(12, 6)
             << QPointF(16, 7) << QPointF(18, 5);
    *series1 << QPointF(1, 3) << QPointF(3, 4) << QPointF(7, 3) << QPointF(8, 2) << QPointF(12, 3)
             << QPointF(16, 4) << QPointF(18, 3);

    QAreaSeries *series = new QAreaSeries(series0, series1);
    series->setName("Batman");
    QPen pen(0x059605);
    pen.setWidth(3);
    series->setPen(pen);

    QChart *chart = new QChart();
    chart->addSeries(series);
    chart->setTitle("Simple areachart example");
    chart->createDefaultAxes();
    chart->axisX()->setRange(0, 20);
    chart->axisY()->setRange(0, 10);

    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);
    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);

    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->resize(400, 300);
    this->show();
#endif

#if 0
    /*
    * QScatterChart Example
    */
    QScatterSeries *series0 = new QScatterSeries();
    series0->setName("scatter1");
    series0->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeCircle);
    series0->setMarkerSize(5.0);

    QScatterSeries *series1 = new QScatterSeries();
    series1->setName("scatter2");
    series1->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeRectangle);
    series1->setMarkerSize(10.0);

    QScatterSeries *series2 = new QScatterSeries();
    series2->setName("scatter3");
    series2->setMarkerShape(QScatterSeries::MarkerShapeRectangle);
    series2->setMarkerSize(15.0);

    series0->append(0, 6);
    series0->append(2, 4);
    series0->append(3, 8);
    series0->append(7, 4);
    series0->append(10, 5);
    *series1 << QPointF(1, 1) << QPointF(3, 3) << QPointF(7, 6) << QPointF(8, 3) << QPointF(10, 2);
    *series2 << QPointF(1, 5) << QPointF(4, 6) << QPointF(6, 3) << QPointF(9, 5);

    QChart *chart = new QChart();
    chart->addSeries(series0);
    chart->addSeries(series1);
    chart->addSeries(series2);
    chart->setTitle("Simple scatterchart example");
    chart->createDefaultAxes();
    chart->setDropShadowEnabled(false);

    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);
    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);

    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->resize(400, 300);
    this->show();
#endif

#if 0
    /*
    * BarChart Example
    */
    QBarSet *set0 = new QBarSet("Jane");
    QBarSet *set1 = new QBarSet("John");
    QBarSet *set2 = new QBarSet("Axel");
    QBarSet *set3 = new QBarSet("Mary");
    QBarSet *set4 = new QBarSet("Samantha");

    *set0 << 1 << 2 << 3 << 4 << 5 << 6;
    *set1 << 5 << 0 << 0 << 4 << 0 << 7;
    *set2 << 3 << 5 << 8 << 13 << 8 << 5;
    *set3 << 5 << 6 << 7 << 3 << 4 << 5;
    *set4 << 9 << 7 << 5 << 3 << 1 << 2;

    QBarSeries *series = new QBarSeries();
    series->append(set0);
    series->append(set1);
    series->append(set2);
    series->append(set3);
    series->append(set4);

    QChart *chart = new QChart();
    chart->addSeries(series);
    chart->setTitle("Simple barchart example");
    chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::SeriesAnimations);

    QStringList categories;
    categories << "Jan" << "Feb" << "Mar" << "Apr" << "May" << "Jun";
    QBarCategoryAxis *axis = new QBarCategoryAxis();
    axis->append(categories);
    chart->createDefaultAxes();
    chart->setAxisX(axis, series);

    chart->legend()->setVisible(true);
    chart->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignBottom);

    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);
    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);

    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->resize(400, 300);
    this->show();
#endif

#if 0
    /*
    * Piechart Example
    */
    QPieSeries *series = new QPieSeries();
    series->append("Jane", 1);
    series->append("Joe", 2);
    series->append("Andy", 3);
    series->append("Barbara", 4);
    series->append("Axel", 5);

    QPieSlice *slice = series->slices().at(1);
    slice->setExploded();
    slice->setLabelVisible();
    slice->setPen(QPen(Qt::darkGreen, 2));
    slice->setBrush(Qt::green);

    QChart *chart = new QChart();
    chart->addSeries(series);
    chart->setTitle("Simple piechart example");
    chart->legend()->hide();

    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);
    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);

    this->setCentralWidget(chartView);
    this->resize(400, 300);
    this->show();
#endif
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
}

還有一些圖形及主題等設置，后續(xù)待補充。

4 其它

（1）如何在QWidget中繪制QCharts

上面的代碼中都是在QMainWindow中繪制的QCharts，但如果我們要在QWidget中繪制QCharts，那么如何實現(xiàn)呢？

方式一：

可選擇的解決方法：在ui中拖一個水平布局，把chartView放到水平布局。

測試代碼：

Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) :
    QWidget(parent),
    ui(new Ui::Widget)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);

    /*
    * BarChart Example
    */
    QBarSet *set0 = new QBarSet("Jane");
    QBarSet *set1 = new QBarSet("John");
    QBarSet *set2 = new QBarSet("Axel");
    QBarSet *set3 = new QBarSet("Mary");
    QBarSet *set4 = new QBarSet("Samantha");

    *set0 << 1 << 2 << 3 << 4 << 5 << 6;
    *set1 << 5 << 0 << 0 << 4 << 0 << 7;
    *set2 << 3 << 5 << 8 << 13 << 8 << 5;
    *set3 << 5 << 6 << 7 << 3 << 4 << 5;
    *set4 << 9 << 7 << 5 << 3 << 1 << 2;

    QBarSeries *series = new QBarSeries();
    series->append(set0);
    series->append(set1);
    series->append(set2);
    series->append(set3);
    series->append(set4);

    QChart *chart = new QChart();
    chart->addSeries(series);
    chart->setTitle("Simple barchart example");
    chart->setAnimationOptions(QChart::SeriesAnimations);

    QStringList categories;
    categories << "Jan" << "Feb" << "Mar" << "Apr" << "May" << "Jun";
    QBarCategoryAxis *axis = new QBarCategoryAxis();
    axis->append(categories);
    chart->createDefaultAxes();
    chart->setAxisX(axis, series);

    chart->legend()->setVisible(true);
    chart->legend()->setAlignment(Qt::AlignBottom);

    QChartView *chartView = new QChartView(chart);
    chartView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);

    ui->horizontalLayout->addWidget(chartView);
}

運行測試：

這種方式每次是在水平布局中添加一個QWidget，有時候不太好用。

方式二：

將QWidget提升為QChartView。

在代碼中直接使用下面的代碼就可以顯示了：

ui->widget_factory->setChart(chart);
ui->widget_factory->show();

（2）如何在柱狀圖中頂端帶數(shù)字顯示

只需要添加下面兩句代碼：

  series->setLabelsPosition(QAbstractBarSeries::LabelsInsideEnd);
series->setLabelsVisible(true);

到此這篇關于Qt繪制圖表的實現(xiàn)的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關Qt繪制圖表內容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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