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Java搭建簡單Netty開發(fā)環(huán)境入門教程

更新時間：2021年06月25日 17:10:01 作者：xiahb_jp

這篇文章主要介紹了Java搭建簡單Netty開發(fā)環(huán)境入門教程,有詳細的代碼展示和maven依賴,能夠幫助你快速上手Netty開發(fā)框架,需要的朋友可以參考下

下面就是準備Netty的jar包了，如果你會maven的話自然是使用maven最為方便了。只需要在pom文件中導入以下幾行

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.netty/netty-all -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
      <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
      <version>4.1.16.Final</version>
    </dependency>

當然啦，不會maven的也不用愁，可以在官網(wǎng)直接下載jar包，點擊跳轉(zhuǎn)。并在編輯器中將下載的jar包引入你的lib中，就可以愉快的開始Netty開發(fā)了

下面貼一個簡單的netty案例

一、服務(wù)端代碼

1. EchoServerHandler.java

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler.Sharable;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
 
@Sharable
public class EchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter{
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        //將客戶端傳入的消息轉(zhuǎn)換為Netty的ByteBuf類型
        ByteBuf in = (ByteBuf) msg;
 
        // 在控制臺打印傳入的消息
        System.out.println(
                "Server received: " + in.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8)
        );
        //將接收到的消息寫給發(fā)送者，而不沖刷出站消息
        ctx.write(in);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        // 將未處決消息沖刷到遠程節(jié)點， 并且關(guān)閉該Channel
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER)
                .addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
    }
 
    /**
     * 異常處理
     * @param ctx
     * @param cause
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        //打印異常棧跟蹤
        cause.printStackTrace();
 
        // 關(guān)閉該Channel
        ctx.close();
    }
}

2. EchoServer.java

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
 
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 
public class EchoServer {
    private final static int port = 8080;
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        start();
    }
 
    private static void start() {
        final EchoServerHandler serverHandler = new EchoServerHandler();
        // 創(chuàng)建EventLoopGroup
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        // 創(chuàng)建EventLoopGroup
        ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
        b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                //指定所使用的NIO傳輸Channel
        .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                //使用指定的端口設(shè)置套接字地址
        .localAddress(new InetSocketAddress(port))
                // 添加一個EchoServerHandler到Channle的ChannelPipeline
        .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
                //EchoServerHandler被標注為@shareable,所以我們可以總是使用同樣的案例
                socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(serverHandler);
            }
        });
 
        try {
            // 異步地綁定服務(wù)器;調(diào)用sync方法阻塞等待直到綁定完成
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind().sync();
            // 獲取Channel的CloseFuture，并且阻塞當前線程直到它完成
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // 優(yōu)雅的關(guān)閉EventLoopGroup，釋放所有的資源
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
}

二、客戶端代碼

1. EchoClientHandler.java

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler.Sharable;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
 
@Sharable
public class EchoClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> {
    @Override
    public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
        //當被通知Channel是活躍的時候，發(fā)送一條消息
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer("Netty rocks!", CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
    }
 
    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext channelHandlerContext, ByteBuf byteBuf) throws Exception {
        System.out.println(
                "Client received: " + byteBuf.toString(CharsetUtil.UTF_8)
        );
    }
 
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }
}

2. EchoClient.java

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
 
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 
public class EchoClient {
    private final static String HOST = "localhost";
    private final static int PORT = 8080;
 
    public static void start() {
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
        bootstrap.group(group)
                .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                .remoteAddress(new InetSocketAddress(HOST, PORT))
                .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                    @Override
                    protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
                        socketChannel.pipeline().addLast(new EchoClientHandler());
                    }
                });
        try {
            ChannelFuture f = bootstrap.connect().sync();
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        start();
    }
}

先后運行EchoServer.java和EchoClient.java.如果控制臺分別打印了