Vue 級聯(lián)下拉框的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)
更新時間：2021年07月16日 11:42:22 作者：李子樹_
在前端開發(fā)中，級聯(lián)選擇框是經(jīng)常用到的，這樣不僅可以增加用戶輸入的友好性，還能減少前后端交互的數(shù)據(jù)量。本文就介紹一下使用Vue實現(xiàn)級聯(lián)下拉框，感興趣的可以了解一下
在前端開發(fā)中，級聯(lián)選擇框是經(jīng)常用到的，這樣不僅可以增加用戶輸入的友好性，還能減少前后端交互的數(shù)據(jù)量。本文以elementUI為例，使用其余UI組件大致思想也都相同。
1.數(shù)據(jù)庫設(shè)計
所有的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)皆可存在一張表中，這樣數(shù)據(jù)就可以不受層級的限制。
表結(jié)構(gòu)可以參考如下建表SQL：
CREATE TABLE `supplies_type` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `category_type` varchar(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '類別種類：大類、中類、小類', `big_category_name` varchar(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '大類名稱', `middle_category_name` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '中類名稱', `small_category_name` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '小類名稱', `parent_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `create_time` timestamp NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `create_user_name` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '創(chuàng)建人用戶名', `update_time` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, `is_deleted` tinyint(1) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '是否刪除，1表示已刪除', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
數(shù)據(jù)庫截圖如下圖所示，注：本系統(tǒng)為了減少查詢次數(shù)，故冗余了一些字段，讀者可根據(jù)自己的需求調(diào)整。
核心設(shè)計在于parent_id，根據(jù)parent_id字段即可查詢到子類，結(jié)果如下圖所示：
2.前端頁面
前端頁面效果如下：
Html代碼如下：
<div class="app-container">
<span style="margin-left:120px;margin-right: 20px;width: 150px;display: inline-block;">大類：</span>
<el-select v-model="big" placeholder="請選擇" @change="getSuppliesType(big)" style="width: 19%;">
<el-option
v-for="item in bigTypes"
:key="item.bigCategoryName"
:label="item.bigCategoryName"
:value="item.id">
</el-option>
</el-select>
<span style="margin-left:120px;margin-right: 20px; width: 150px;display: inline-block;">中類：</span>
<el-select v-model="middle" placeholder="請選擇" @change="getSuppliesType(middle)" style="width: 19%;">
<el-option
v-for="item in middleTypes"
:key="item.middleCategoryName"
:label="item.middleCategoryName"
:value="item.id">
</el-option>
</el-select>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<span style="margin-left:120px;margin-right: 20px;width: 150px; margin-top:20px; display: inline-block;">小類：</span>
<el-select v-model="small" placeholder="請選擇" style="width: 19%;">
<el-option
v-for="item in smallTypes"
:key="item.smallCategoryName"
:label="item.smallCategoryName"
:value="item.id">
</el-option>
</el-select>
</div>
上面的item.smallCategoryName、item.smallCategoryName數(shù)據(jù)為后端從數(shù)據(jù)庫中查詢出來的數(shù)據(jù)（駝峰命名），后端只負責(zé)查詢、并返回結(jié)果。
Vue中數(shù)據(jù)定義如下：
data() {
return {
big: '',
bigTypes: null,
middle: '',
middleTypes: null,
small: '',
smallTypes: null
}
},
在頁面初始化時，自動獲取大類列表：
created() {
this.getSuppliesType(0)
},
頁面中的getSuppliesType方法如下：
getSuppliesType(id) {
this.listLoading = true
const queryData = {
parentId: id
}
//此處的調(diào)用后端接口按照自己的調(diào)用方式寫即可
//此處的getSuppliersType是項目中自己封裝的util中的方法
//如果請求方式是post，JSON.stringify(queryData)
//如果請求方式是get，queryData
getSuppliersType(JSON.stringify(queryData)).then(response => {
console.log(response)
console.log(response.data[0].categoryType)
//根據(jù)type自動向三個下拉框賦值
if (response.data[0].categoryType === 'BIG') {
this.bigTypes = response.data
} else if (response.data[0].categoryType === 'MIDDLE') {
this.middleTypes = response.data
} else {
this.smallTypes = response.data
}
this.listLoading = false
}).catch(function (error) {
console.log(error)
this.listLoading = false
})
},
3.一個完整的demo
下面這個頁面為完成代碼，其中的數(shù)據(jù)為部分數(shù)據(jù)，后臺接口獲取使用JS來完成。
<template>
<div class="app-container">
<span style="margin-left:120px;margin-right: 20px;width: 150px;display: inline-block;">大類：</span>
<el-select v-model="big" placeholder="請選擇" @change="getSuppliesType(big)" style="width: 19%;">
<el-option
v-for="item in bigTypes"
:key="item.bigCategoryName"
:label="item.bigCategoryName"
:value="item.id">
</el-option>
</el-select>
<span style="margin-left:120px;margin-right: 20px; width: 150px;display: inline-block;">中類：</span>
<el-select v-model="middle" placeholder="請選擇" @change="getSuppliesType(middle)" style="width: 19%;">
<el-option
v-for="item in middleTypes"
:key="item.middleCategoryName"
:label="item.middleCategoryName"
:value="item.id">
</el-option>
</el-select>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<span style="margin-left:120px;margin-right: 20px;width: 150px; margin-top:20px; display: inline-block;">小類：</span>
<el-select v-model="small" placeholder="請選擇" style="width: 19%;">
<el-option
v-for="item in smallTypes"
:key="item.smallCategoryName"
:label="item.smallCategoryName"
:value="item.id">
</el-option>
</el-select>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<el-button type="primary" round style="margin-left:280px" @click.native.prevent="commit">添加</el-button>
<el-button type="primary" round style="margin-left:100px" @click.native.prevent="cancel">取消</el-button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
filters: {
parseTime(timestamp) {
return parseTime(timestamp, null)
}
},
data() {
return {
big: '',
bigTypes: null,
middle: '',
middleTypes: null,
small: '',
smallTypes: null,
dataList: [
{"id":1,"categoryType":"BIG","bigCategoryName":"1.現(xiàn)場管理與保障","middleCategoryName":null,"smallCategoryName":null,"parentId":0,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":"2021-07-04T13:34:31.000+0000","isDeleted":false},
{"id":27,"categoryType":"BIG","bigCategoryName":"2.生命救援與生活救助","middleCategoryName":null,"smallCategoryName":null,"parentId":0,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":2,"categoryType":"MIDDLE","bigCategoryName":"1.現(xiàn)場管理與保障","middleCategoryName":"1.1現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測","smallCategoryName":null,"parentId":1,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":10,"categoryType":"MIDDLE","bigCategoryName":"1.現(xiàn)場管理與保障","middleCategoryName":"1.2現(xiàn)場安全","smallCategoryName":null,"parentId":1,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":3,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"1.現(xiàn)場管理與保障","middleCategoryName":"1.1現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測","smallCategoryName":"1.1.1氣象監(jiān)測","parentId":2,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":4,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"1.現(xiàn)場管理與保障","middleCategoryName":"1.1現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測","smallCategoryName":"1.1.2地震監(jiān)測","parentId":2,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":5,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"1.現(xiàn)場管理與保障","middleCategoryName":"1.1現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測","smallCategoryName":"1.1.3地質(zhì)災(zāi)害監(jiān)測","parentId":2,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":6,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"1.現(xiàn)場管理與保障","middleCategoryName":"1.1現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測","smallCategoryName":"1.1.4水文監(jiān)測","parentId":2,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":7,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"1.現(xiàn)場管理與保障","middleCategoryName":"1.1現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測","smallCategoryName":"1.1.5環(huán)境監(jiān)測","parentId":2,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":8,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"1.現(xiàn)場管理與保障","middleCategoryName":"1.1現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測","smallCategoryName":"1.1.6疫病監(jiān)測","parentId":2,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":9,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"1.現(xiàn)場管理與保障","middleCategoryName":"1.1現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測","smallCategoryName":"1.1.7觀察測量","parentId":2,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":11,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"1.現(xiàn)場管理與保障","middleCategoryName":"1.2現(xiàn)場安全","smallCategoryName":"1.2.1現(xiàn)場照明","parentId":10,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":12,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"1.現(xiàn)場管理與保障","middleCategoryName":"1.2現(xiàn)場安全","smallCategoryName":"1.2.2現(xiàn)場警戒","parentId":10,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":28,"categoryType":"MIDDLE","bigCategoryName":"2.生命救援與生活救助","middleCategoryName":"2.1人員安全防護","smallCategoryName":null,"parentId":27,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":34,"categoryType":"MIDDLE","bigCategoryName":"2.生命救援與生活救助","middleCategoryName":"2.2生命搜救與營救","smallCategoryName":null,"parentId":27,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":"2021-07-04T13:03:23.000+0000","isDeleted":false},
{"id":29,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"2.生命救援與生活救助","middleCategoryName":"2.1人員安全防護","smallCategoryName":"2.1.1衛(wèi)生防疫","parentId":28,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":30,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"2.生命救援與生活救助","middleCategoryName":"2.1人員安全防護","smallCategoryName":"2.1.2消防防護","parentId":28,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":31,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"2.生命救援與生活救助","middleCategoryName":"2.1人員安全防護","smallCategoryName":"2.1.3化學(xué)與放射","parentId":28,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":32,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"2.生命救援與生活救助","middleCategoryName":"2.1人員安全防護","smallCategoryName":"2.1.4防高空墜落","parentId":28,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":33,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"2.生命救援與生活救助","middleCategoryName":"2.1人員安全防護","smallCategoryName":"2.1.5通用防護","parentId":28,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":35,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"2.生命救援與生活救助","middleCategoryName":"2.2生命搜救與營救","smallCategoryName":"2.2.1生命搜索","parentId":34,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":36,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"2.生命救援與生活救助","middleCategoryName":"2.2生命搜救與營救","smallCategoryName":"2.2.2攀巖營救","parentId":34,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":37,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"2.生命救援與生活救助","middleCategoryName":"2.2生命搜救與營救","smallCategoryName":"2.2.3破拆起重","parentId":34,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":38,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"2.生命救援與生活救助","middleCategoryName":"2.2生命搜救與營救","smallCategoryName":"2.2.4水下營救","parentId":34,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false},
{"id":39,"categoryType":"SMALL","bigCategoryName":"2.生命救援與生活救助","middleCategoryName":"2.2生命搜救與營救","smallCategoryName":"2.2.5通用工具","parentId":34,"createTime":"2021-07-04T11:13:36.000+0000","createUserName":null,"updateTime":null,"isDeleted":false}
]
}
},
created() {
this.getSuppliesType(0)
},
methods: {
getSuppliesType(id) {
const queryData = {
parentId: id
}
//此處為js模擬，真實數(shù)據(jù)的獲取還需要后臺接口的支持
getSuppliersType(JSON.stringify(queryData)).then(response => {
console.log(response)
console.log(response.data[0].categoryType)
//存放此次查詢結(jié)果
let tmpList = []
this.dataList.forEach((item, index) => {
if(item.parentId === id){
tmpList.push(item)
}
})
if (tmpList[0].categoryType === 'BIG') {
this.bigTypes = tmpList
} else if (response.data[0].categoryType === 'MIDDLE') {
this.middleTypes = tmpList
} else {
this.smallTypes = tmpList
}
}).catch(function (error) {
console.log(error)
})
},
commit() {
console.log("點擊了提交按鈕")
},
cancel() {
this.$router.go(-1)
}
}
}
</script>
又到了分隔線以下，本文到此就結(jié)束了，本文內(nèi)容全部都是由博主自己進行整理并結(jié)合自身的理解進行總結(jié)
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