Vue3和Electron實(shí)現(xiàn)桌面端應(yīng)用詳解

更新時(shí)間：2021年07月28日 10:22:36 作者：JonnyLan

本文主要介紹了Vue3和Electron實(shí)現(xiàn)桌面端應(yīng)用詳解，文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì)，對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值，需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧

為了方便記錄一些個(gè)人隨筆，我最近用Laravel和Vue 3.0擼了一個(gè)博客系統(tǒng)，其中使用到了一個(gè)基于markdown-it 的 markdown 編輯器Vue組件v-md-editor。我感覺用它去編寫markdown還是很方便的。后面就有了一個(gè)想法，基于此組件用Electron來實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)markdown桌面端應(yīng)用，自己平時(shí)拿來使用也是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。

題外話：VS Code就是用Electron開發(fā)出來的桌面應(yīng)用，我現(xiàn)在除了移動(dòng)端的開發(fā)外，其他的都是使用VS Code來開發(fā)了，各種插件開發(fā)起來真的很方便。

接下來我就帶大家來一步步來實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)功能。

Vue CLI 搭建Vue項(xiàng)目

在選擇的目錄下執(zhí)行vue create electron-vue3-mark-down

選擇自定義的模板(可以選擇默認(rèn)的Vue 3 模板)

選擇Vue3 和 TypeScript, 其他的選項(xiàng)基于自身項(xiàng)目決定是否選擇

vue3 + TypeScript

執(zhí)行npm run serve看看效果

Vue項(xiàng)目改造為markdown編輯器

執(zhí)行npm i @kangc/v-md-editor@next -S安裝v-md-editor

添加TypeScript類型定義文件

由于v-md-editor這個(gè)庫(kù)沒有TypeScript類型定義文件，我就直接在shims-vue.d.ts這個(gè)文件的后面添加的，當(dāng)然也可以新建一個(gè)文件添加申明(tsconfig.json能找到這個(gè)文件就OK)。

declare module "*.vue" {
  import type { DefineComponent } from "vue";
  const component: DefineComponent<{}, {}, any>;
  export default component;
}

<!-- 添加的內(nèi)容 -->
declare module "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/theme/vuepress.js";
declare module "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/plugins/copy-code/index";
declare module "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/plugins/line-number/index";
declare module "@kangc/v-md-editor";
declare module "prismjs";

改造App.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <v-md-editor v-model="content" height="100vh"></v-md-editor>
  </div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
// 編輯器
import VMdEditor from "@kangc/v-md-editor";
import "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/style/base-editor.css";
import vuepress from "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/theme/vuepress.js";
import "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/theme/style/vuepress.css";
// 高亮顯示
import Prism from "prismjs";
import "prismjs/components/prism-json";
import "prismjs/components/prism-dart";
import "prismjs/components/prism-c";
import "prismjs/components/prism-swift";
import "prismjs/components/prism-kotlin";
import "prismjs/components/prism-java";

// 快捷復(fù)制代碼
import createCopyCodePlugin from "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/plugins/copy-code/index";
import "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/plugins/copy-code/copy-code.css";
// 行號(hào)
import createLineNumbertPlugin from "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/plugins/line-number/index";
VMdEditor.use(vuepress, {
  Prism,
})
  .use(createCopyCodePlugin())
  .use(createLineNumbertPlugin());

import { defineComponent, ref } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
  name: "App",
  components: { VMdEditor },
  setup() {
    const content = ref("");

    return { content };
  },
});
</script>

<style>
/* 去掉一些按鈕 */
.v-md-icon-save,
.v-md-icon-fullscreen {
  display: none;
}
</style>

這個(gè)文件也很簡(jiǎn)單，整個(gè)頁(yè)面就是一個(gè)編輯器<v-md-editor v-model="content" height="100vh"></v-md-editor>，這個(gè)markdown編輯器有高亮顯示，代碼顯示行號(hào)，復(fù)制代碼按鈕等插件，當(dāng)然更方便的是可以添加其他的插件豐富這個(gè)markdown編輯器的功能.

效果如下

編輯器效果

Vue CLI Plugin Electron Builder

我嘗試過用Vite 2.0去搭建Electron項(xiàng)目，但是沒有找到類似的Vite和Electron結(jié)合好使的工具，所以放棄了Vite 2.0的誘惑。如果有小伙伴有推薦可以分享下。

使用vue add electron-builder安裝，我選擇的是13.0.0的Electron的最新版本。

我一般是選擇最高的版本，其實(shí)這個(gè)版本有坑，我后面再想想要不要介紹下這個(gè)坑，哈哈。

我們看到新加了很多的依賴庫(kù)，還添加了一個(gè)background.ts文件。簡(jiǎn)單介紹下，這個(gè)文件執(zhí)行在主線程，其他的頁(yè)面都是在渲染線程。渲染線程有很多限制的，有些功能只能在主線程執(zhí)行，這里就不具體展開了。

執(zhí)行npm run electron:serve看效果

至此，就可以看到桌面應(yīng)用的效果了，并且邊修改Vue的代碼，桌面應(yīng)用也能實(shí)時(shí)看到修改后的效果。

優(yōu)化功能

啟動(dòng)全屏顯示

引入screen

import { screen } from "electron";

創(chuàng)建窗口的時(shí)候設(shè)置為screen大小

<!-- background.ts -->
async function createWindow() {
  const { width, height } = screen.getPrimaryDisplay().workAreaSize;
  const win = new BrowserWindow({
    width,
    height,
    // 省略...
  });
    // 省略...
}

這樣應(yīng)用啟動(dòng)的時(shí)候就是全屏顯示了。

修改菜單欄

定義菜單欄

<!-- background.ts -->

const template: Array<MenuItemConstructorOptions> = [
  {
    label: "MarkDown",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "關(guān)于",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+W",
        role: "about",
      },
      {
        label: "退出程序",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+Q",
        role: "quit",
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "文件",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "打開文件",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+O",
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
            // TODO: 打開文件         
        },
      },
      {
        label: "存儲(chǔ)",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+S",
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
          // TODO: 存儲(chǔ)內(nèi)容  
        },
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "編輯",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "撤銷",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+Z",
        role: "undo",
      },
      {
        label: "重做",
        accelerator: "Shift+CmdOrCtrl+Z",
        role: "redo",
      },
      {
        type: "separator",
      },
      {
        label: "剪切",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+X",
        role: "cut",
      },
      {
        label: "復(fù)制",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+C",
        role: "copy",
      },
      {
        label: "粘貼",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+V",
        role: "paste",
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "窗口",
    role: "window",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "最小化",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+M",
        role: "minimize",
      },
      {
        label: "最大化",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+M",
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
          if (focusedWindow) {
            focusedWindow.maximize();
          }
        },
      },
      {
        type: "separator",
      },
      {
        label: "切換全屏",
        accelerator: (function () {
          if (process.platform === "darwin") {
            return "Ctrl+Command+F";
          } else {
            return "F11";
          }
        })(),
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
          if (focusedWindow) {
            focusedWindow.setFullScreen(!focusedWindow.isFullScreen());
          }
        },
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "幫助",
    role: "help",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "學(xué)習(xí)更多",
        click: function () {
          shell.openExternal("http://electron.atom.io");
        },
      },
    ],
  },
];

具體如何定義參閱Electron Menu。

打開文件和存儲(chǔ)目前還沒實(shí)現(xiàn)，后面實(shí)現(xiàn)。

設(shè)置菜單欄

import { Menu } from "electron";
app.on("ready", async () => {
  // 省略...
  // 創(chuàng)建菜單
  Menu.setApplicationMenu(Menu.buildFromTemplate(template));
});

在ready鉤子函數(shù)中進(jìn)行設(shè)置Menu。

效果

菜單效果

編輯器打開markdonw文件的內(nèi)容

主線程選擇文件，將文件路徑傳給渲染線程

<!-- background.ts -->
dialog
  .showOpenDialog({
    properties: ["openFile"],
    filters: [{ name: "Custom File Type", extensions: ["md"] }],
  })
  .then((res) => {
    if (res && res["filePaths"].length > 0) {
      const filePath = res["filePaths"][0];
      // 將文件傳給渲染線程
      if (focusedWindow) {
        focusedWindow.webContents.send("open-file-path", filePath);
      }
    }
  })
  .catch((err) => {
    console.log(err);
  });

showOpenDialog是打開文件的方法，我們這里指定了只打開md文件；

獲得文件路徑后，通過focusedWindow.webContents.send("open-file-path", filePath);這個(gè)方法將文件路徑傳給渲染線程。

渲染線程取到文件路徑，讀取文件內(nèi)容，賦值給markdown編輯器

<!-- App.vue -->
import { ipcRenderer } from "electron";
import { readFileSync } from "fs";

export default defineComponent({
  // 省略...
  setup() {
    const content = ref("");
    
    onMounted(() => {
      // 1.
      ipcRenderer.on("open-file-path", (e, filePath: string) => {
        if (filePath && filePath.length > 0) {
          // 2.
          content.value = readFileSync(filePath).toString();
        }
      });
    });

    return { content };
  },
});

vue添加node支持

<!-- vue.config.js -->
module.exports = {
  pluginOptions: {
    electronBuilder: {
      nodeIntegration: true,
    },
  },
};

效果

效果圖

markdonw的內(nèi)容存入文件

主線程發(fā)起向渲染線程獲取編輯器內(nèi)容的請(qǐng)求

<!-- background.js -->
if (focusedWindow) {
    focusedWindow.webContents.send("get-content", "");
}

渲染線程主線程向返回編輯器的內(nèi)容

<!-- App.vue -->
onMounted(() => {
    ipcRenderer.on("get-content", () => {
        ipcRenderer.send("save-content", content.value);
    });
});

主線程收到內(nèi)容然后存入文件

<!-- background.ts -->
// 存儲(chǔ)文件
ipcMain.on("save-content", (event: unknown, content: string) => {
  if (openedFile.length > 0) {
    // 直接存儲(chǔ)到文件中去
    try {
      writeFileSync(openedFile, content);
      console.log("保存成功");
    } catch (error) {
      console.log("保存失敗");
    }
  } else {
    const options = {
      title: "保存文件",
      defaultPath: "new.md",
      filters: [{ name: "Custom File Type", extensions: ["md"] }],
    };
    const focusedWindow = BrowserWindow.getFocusedWindow();
    if (focusedWindow) {
      dialog
        .showSaveDialog(focusedWindow, options)
        .then((result: Electron.SaveDialogReturnValue) => {
          if (result.filePath) {
            try {
              writeFileSync(result.filePath, content);
              console.log("保存成功");
              openedFile = result.filePath;
            } catch (error) {
              console.log("保存失敗");
            }
          }
        })
        .catch((error) => {
          console.log(error);
        });
    }
  }
});

效果

效果圖

打包

設(shè)置應(yīng)用的名字和圖片

<!-- vue.config.js -->
module.exports = {
  pluginOptions: {
    electronBuilder: {
      nodeIntegration: true,
      // 添加的設(shè)置
      builderOptions: {
        appId: "com.johnny.markdown", 
        productName: "JJMarkDown",  // 應(yīng)用的名字
        copyright: "Copyright © 2021", //版權(quán)聲明
        mac: {
          icon: "./public/icon.icns", // icon
        },
      },
    },
  },
};

icon.icns生成準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)1024*1024的圖片，同級(jí)目錄下創(chuàng)建一個(gè)為icons.iconset的文件夾；

創(chuàng)建各種不同尺寸要求的圖片文件

sips -z 16 16 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_16x16.png
sips -z 32 32 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_16x16@2x.png
sips -z 32 32 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_32x32.png
sips -z 64 64 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_32x32@2x.png
sips -z 128 128 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_128x128.png
sips -z 256 256 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_128x128@2x.png
sips -z 256 256 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_256x256.png
sips -z 512 512 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_256x256@2x.png
sips -z 512 512 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_512x512.png
sips -z 1024 1024 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_512x512@2x.png

獲得名為icon.icns的圖標(biāo)文件

iconutil -c icns icons.iconset -o icon.icns

打包

npm run electron:build

結(jié)果

dmg

獲得的dmg文件就可以直接安裝使用了。

代碼

<!-- background.ts -->
"use strict";

import {
  app,
  protocol,
  BrowserWindow,
  screen,
  Menu,
  MenuItem,
  shell,
  dialog,
  ipcMain,
} from "electron";
import { KeyboardEvent, MenuItemConstructorOptions } from "electron/main";
import { createProtocol } from "vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder/lib";
import installExtension, { VUEJS3_DEVTOOLS } from "electron-devtools-installer";
const isDevelopment = process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production";
import { writeFileSync } from "fs";

let openedFile = "";
// 存儲(chǔ)文件
ipcMain.on("save-content", (event: unknown, content: string) => {
  if (openedFile.length > 0) {
    // 直接存儲(chǔ)到文件中去
    try {
      writeFileSync(openedFile, content);
      console.log("保存成功");
    } catch (error) {
      console.log("保存失敗");
    }
  } else {
    const options = {
      title: "保存文件",
      defaultPath: "new.md",
      filters: [{ name: "Custom File Type", extensions: ["md"] }],
    };
    const focusedWindow = BrowserWindow.getFocusedWindow();
    if (focusedWindow) {
      dialog
        .showSaveDialog(focusedWindow, options)
        .then((result: Electron.SaveDialogReturnValue) => {
          if (result.filePath) {
            try {
              writeFileSync(result.filePath, content);
              console.log("保存成功");
              openedFile = result.filePath;
            } catch (error) {
              console.log("保存失敗");
            }
          }
        })
        .catch((error) => {
          console.log(error);
        });
    }
  }
});

const template: Array<MenuItemConstructorOptions> = [
  {
    label: "MarkDown",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "關(guān)于",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+W",
        role: "about",
      },
      {
        label: "退出程序",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+Q",
        role: "quit",
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "文件",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "打開文件",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+O",
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
          dialog
            .showOpenDialog({
              properties: ["openFile"],
              filters: [{ name: "Custom File Type", extensions: ["md"] }],
            })
            .then((res) => {
              if (res && res["filePaths"].length > 0) {
                const filePath = res["filePaths"][0];
                // 將文件傳給渲染線程
                if (focusedWindow) {
                  focusedWindow.webContents.send("open-file-path", filePath);
                  openedFile = filePath;
                }
              }
            })
            .catch((err) => {
              console.log(err);
            });
        },
      },
      {
        label: "存儲(chǔ)",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+S",
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
          if (focusedWindow) {
            focusedWindow.webContents.send("get-content", "");
          }
        },
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "編輯",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "撤銷",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+Z",
        role: "undo",
      },
      {
        label: "重做",
        accelerator: "Shift+CmdOrCtrl+Z",
        role: "redo",
      },
      {
        type: "separator",
      },
      {
        label: "剪切",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+X",
        role: "cut",
      },
      {
        label: "復(fù)制",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+C",
        role: "copy",
      },
      {
        label: "粘貼",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+V",
        role: "paste",
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "窗口",
    role: "window",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "最小化",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+M",
        role: "minimize",
      },
      {
        label: "最大化",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+M",
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
          if (focusedWindow) {
            focusedWindow.maximize();
          }
        },
      },
      {
        type: "separator",
      },
      {
        label: "切換全屏",
        accelerator: (function () {
          if (process.platform === "darwin") {
            return "Ctrl+Command+F";
          } else {
            return "F11";
          }
        })(),
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
          if (focusedWindow) {
            focusedWindow.setFullScreen(!focusedWindow.isFullScreen());
          }
        },
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "幫助",
    role: "help",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "學(xué)習(xí)更多",
        click: function () {
          shell.openExternal("http://electron.atom.io");
        },
      },
    ],
  },
];

protocol.registerSchemesAsPrivileged([
  { scheme: "app", privileges: { secure: true, standard: true } },
]);

async function createWindow() {
  const { width, height } = screen.getPrimaryDisplay().workAreaSize;
  const win = new BrowserWindow({
    width,
    height,
    webPreferences: {
      nodeIntegration: true,
      contextIsolation: false,
    },
  });

  if (process.env.WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_URL) {
    // Load the url of the dev server if in development mode
    await win.loadURL(process.env.WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_URL as string);
    if (!process.env.IS_TEST) win.webContents.openDevTools();
  } else {
    createProtocol("app");
    // Load the index.html when not in development
    win.loadURL("app://./index.html");
  }
}

// Quit when all windows are closed.
app.on("window-all-closed", () => {
  // On macOS it is common for applications and their menu bar
  // to stay active until the user quits explicitly with Cmd + Q
  if (process.platform !== "darwin") {
    app.quit();
  }
});

app.on("activate", () => {
  // On macOS it's common to re-create a window in the app when the
  // dock icon is clicked and there are no other windows open.
  if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow();
});

// This method will be called when Electron has finished
// initialization and is ready to create browser windows.
// Some APIs can only be used after this event occurs.
app.on("ready", async () => {
  if (isDevelopment && !process.env.IS_TEST) {
    // Install Vue Devtools
    try {
      await installExtension(VUEJS3_DEVTOOLS);
    } catch (e) {
      console.error("Vue Devtools failed to install:", e.toString());
    }
  }
  createWindow();
  // 創(chuàng)建菜單
  Menu.setApplicationMenu(Menu.buildFromTemplate(template));
});

// Exit cleanly on request from parent process in development mode.
if (isDevelopment) {
  if (process.platform === "win32") {
    process.on("message", (data) => {
      if (data === "graceful-exit") {
        app.quit();
      }
    });
  } else {
    process.on("SIGTERM", () => {
      app.quit();
    });
  }
}

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