int[] a1 = {1,2,3,4,5};
       System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a1));//[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

	public static String toString(int[] a) {
        if (a == null)
            return "null";
        int iMax = a.length - 1;
        if (iMax == -1)
            return "[]";
        StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
        b.append('[');
        for (int i = 0; ; i++) {
            b.append(a[i]);
            if (i == iMax)
                return b.append(']').toString();
            b.append(", ");
        }
    }

       int[] a1 = {9,1,3,7,2,5};
       System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a1));//[9, 1, 3, 7, 2, 5]
       Arrays.sort(a1,0,3);//[0,3),對(duì)9,1,3進(jìn)行排序
       System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a1));//[0[1, 3, 9, 7, 2, 5]

    public static void sort(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
        rangeCheck(a.length, fromIndex, toIndex);
        DualPivotQuicksort.sort(a, fromIndex, toIndex - 1, null, 0, 0);
    }

       int[] a1 = {0,7,8,2,4,1};
       System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a1));//[0, 7, 8, 2, 4, 1]
       Arrays.sort(a1);
       System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a1));//[0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8]

    public static void sort(int[] a) { DualPivotQuicksort.sort(a, 0, a.length - 1, null, 0, 0);
    }

       int[] a = {1,2,3};
       System.out.println(a.length);//output：3
       a = Arrays.copyOf(a,15);
       System.out.println(a.length);//output：15

  public static int[] copyOf(int[] original, int newLength) {
        int[] copy = new int[newLength];
        System.arraycopy(original, 0, copy, 0, Math.min(original.length, newLength));
        return copy;
    }

       int[] a1 = {0,1,2,3,4,5};
       int[] a2 = {0,1,2,3,4,5};//與a1相同
       int[] a3 = {0,1,2,3,0,5};//從索引4開始與a1不同
       System.out.println(Arrays.mismatch(a1,a2));//output：-1
       System.out.println(Arrays.mismatch(a1,a3));//output：4

 public static int mismatch(int[] a, int[] b) {
        int length = Math.min(a.length, b.length); // Check null array refs
        if (a == b)
            return -1;
        int i = ArraysSupport.mismatch(a, b, length);
        return (i < 0 && a.length != b.length) ? length : i;
    }

  int[] a = {1,2,3,4,5};
       int x1 = Arrays.binarySearch(a,2,3,4);//在a數(shù)組下標(biāo)[2,3)中查找值為4的下標(biāo)
       System.out.println(x1);//output：<0的隨機(jī)數(shù)

	public static int binarySearch(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex,int key) {
        rangeCheck(a.length, fromIndex, toIndex);
        return binarySearch0(a, fromIndex, toIndex, key);
    }
    private static int binarySearch0(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex,int key) {
        int low = fromIndex;
        int high = toIndex - 1;
        while (low <= high) {
            int mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
            int midVal = a[mid];
            if (midVal < key)
                low = mid + 1;
            else if (midVal > key)
                high = mid - 1;
            else
                return mid; // key found
        }
        return -(low + 1);  // key not found.
    }

       int[] a = {1,2,3,4,5};
       int x1 = Arrays.binarySearch(a,3);//在a數(shù)組中查找值為3的下標(biāo)
       int x2 = Arrays.binarySearch(a,-6);//在a數(shù)組中查找值為6的下標(biāo)
       System.out.println(x1);//output：2
       System.out.println(x2);//output：<0的隨機(jī)數(shù)

    public static int binarySearch(int[] a, int key) {
        return binarySearch0(a, 0, a.length, key);
    }
	private static int binarySearch0(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex,int key) {
        int low = fromIndex;
        int high = toIndex - 1;
        while (low <= high) {
            int mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
            int midVal = a[mid];
            if (midVal < key)
                low = mid + 1;
            else if (midVal > key)
                high = mid - 1;
            else
                return mid; // key found
        }
        return -(low + 1);  // key not found.
    }

       int[] a1 = {1,2,3,4,5};
       int[] a2 = {1,2,0,0,4,5};
       System.out.println(Arrays.equals(a1,0,2,a2,0,2));//true
       System.out.println(Arrays.equals(a1,3,5,a2,4,6));//true

public static boolean equals(int[] a, int aFromIndex, int aToIndex,int[] b, int bFromIndex, int bToIndex) {
        rangeCheck(a.length, aFromIndex, aToIndex);
        rangeCheck(b.length, bFromIndex, bToIndex);
        int aLength = aToIndex - aFromIndex;
        int bLength = bToIndex - bFromIndex;
        if (aLength != bLength)
            return false;
        return ArraysSupport.mismatch(a, aFromIndex, b, bFromIndex,aLength) < 0;
    }

       int[] a1 = {1,2,3,4,5};
       int[] a2 = {1,2,3,4,5};
       int[] a3 = {1,2,0,4,5};
       System.out.println(Arrays.equals(a1,a2));//true
       System.out.println(Arrays.equals(a1,a3));//false

 public static boolean equals(int[] a, int[] a2) {
        if (a==a2)
            return true;
        if (a==null || a2==null)
            return false;
        int length = a.length;
        if (a2.length != length)
            return false;
        return ArraysSupport.mismatch(a, a2, length) < 0;
    }

       int[] a1 = new int[10];
       Arrays.fill(a1,1,4,8);
       char[] a2 = new char[10];
       Arrays.fill(a2,0,3,'s');
       System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a1));//[0, 8, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
       System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a2));//[s, s, s,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ]

    public static void fill(char[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, char val) {
        rangeCheck(a.length, fromIndex, toIndex);
        for (int i = fromIndex; i < toIndex; i++)
            a[i] = val;
    }

       int[] a1 = new int[10];
       Arrays.fill(a1,8);
       char[] a2 = new char[10];
       Arrays.fill(a2,'s');
       System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a1));//[8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8]
       System.out.println(Arrays.toString(a2));//[s, s, s, s, s, s, s, s, s, s]

	public static void fill(int[] a, int val) {
        for (int i = 0, len = a.length; i < len; i++)
            a[i] = val;
    }