手把手教你寫Maven的archetype項目腳手架
一、背景
maven是一個很好的代碼構(gòu)建工具,采用“約定優(yōu)先于配置”的原則進行項目管理,相信很多的java開發(fā)者應(yīng)該都了解maven并可能在工作當中都是通過maven來管理項目的,在創(chuàng)建的項目的時候,我們往往會使用maven內(nèi)置的項目骨架也就是archetype來快速生成項目結(jié)構(gòu)。但是在一個團隊做開發(fā)的過程中,可能僅僅依靠maven預(yù)先提供的archetyp可能是不夠的,團隊之間協(xié)作有自己的定義方式,每個人的結(jié)構(gòu)定義風(fēng)格也不盡相同,在這樣的背景下我們有必要去定義一個統(tǒng)一的代碼骨架供團隊使用,這樣做的好處是當團隊需要開始一個新項目的時候,可以利用自定義的maven骨架一鍵生成項目。
archetype是在maven-archetype-plugin插件執(zhí)行g(shù)enerate目標的時候進行配置的,我們經(jīng)常使用到maven的內(nèi)嵌的骨架包括:maven-archetype-webapp、maven-archetype-quickstart。前者用來快速搭建一個web工程項目,后者用來快速搭建一個普通的java工程項目。
二、手寫普通單模塊項目的archetype
單模塊項目的archetype腳手架項目的結(jié)構(gòu)

上圖中的各個文件詳解:
- 根目錄beast-archetype下的pom.xml和一般的maven項目一樣主要定義archetype項目的坐標等信息。
- 所有的項目骨架內(nèi)容都集中在src/main/resources/archetype-resources文件夾下。
- archetype-resources中的pom.xml定義了待生成項目的pom文件的內(nèi)容,/src/main/java、/src/test/java中分別定義了待生成項目中相應(yīng)目錄下的內(nèi)容
- /src/main/resources/META-INF/maven/archetype-metadata.xml中定義相關(guān)的元數(shù)據(jù)描述(其中該文件的位置固定為resources/META-INF/maven文件夾下,且名稱固定為archetype-metadata.xml)。
1.beast-archetype/pom.xml內(nèi)容如下
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.thebeastshop</groupId>
<artifactId>beast-archetype</artifactId>
<version>1.1</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>beast-archetype</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>beast-archetype</finalName>
</build>
</project>
2.src/main/resources/archetype-resources/pom.xml內(nèi)容如下:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>${groupId}</groupId>
<artifactId>${artifactId}</artifactId>
<version>${version}</version>
<name>${artifactId}</name>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<skip>true</skip>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-archetype-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
其中:上面${}標識的變量都是通過maven中的命令行傳進來的,如:mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.thebeastshop
3.src/main/resources/META-INF/maven/archetype-metadata.xml內(nèi)容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<archetype-descriptor name="beast-archetype"
xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/archetype-descriptor-1.0.0.xsd">
<requiredProperties>
<requiredProperty key="package-name" />
</requiredProperties>
<fileSets>
<fileSet filtered="true" packaged="true" encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.java</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet filtered="true" packaged="true" encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/test/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.java</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/test/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
</fileSets>
</archetype-descriptor>
說明:
- packaged="true"標識src/main/resources/archetype-resources/src/main/java中對應(yīng)的內(nèi)容是否要放入到package中,比如package為com.thebeastshop,那么如果該屬性為true,則對應(yīng)的java文件會放到com/thebeastshop文件夾下,也就是包路徑下。
- filtered="true"標識下面提到的${}是否要進行替換
4.src/main/resources/archetype-resources/src/main/java/Demo.java內(nèi)容如下:
package ${package};
public class Demo{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
System.out.println( "Hello My Archetype!" );
}
}
5.這樣我們就手寫好了一個自定義的maven的archetype骨架項目,我們只需要通過mvn clean install 命令把該jar包安裝到本地倉庫,然后通過本地倉庫中的該jar包來生成一個項目看看效果,使用如下命令:
mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=comthebeastshop -DartifactId=beast-test -Dpackage="com.thebeastshop.test" -DarchetypeGroupId=com.thebeastshop -DarchetypeArtifactId=beast-archetype -DarchetypeVersion=1.1 -X -DarchetypeCatalog=local
三、手寫maven多module的項目骨架archetype
1.多模塊骨架項目的項目結(jié)構(gòu)

這跟單模塊項目區(qū)別不大,但是有幾個概念需要說明:
- “__rootArtifactId__”占位符會被parent項目的artifactId替換
- ${rootArtifactId}也會被parent項目的artifactId替換
- src/main/resources/archetype-resources里必須要有一個頂級pom文件(如果是單工程就是工程pom文件),同時子文件夾代表了模塊定義
2.模板工程定義描述文件
META-INF/maven/archetype-metadata.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<archetype-descriptor name="beast-archetype"
xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/archetype-descriptor-1.0.0.xsd">
<requiredProperties>
<requiredProperty key="groupId">
<defaultValue>com.thebeastshop</defaultValue>
</requiredProperty>
<requiredProperty key="artifactId">
<defaultValue>test</defaultValue>
</requiredProperty>
<requiredProperty key="package">
<defaultValue>com.thebeastshop.test</defaultValue>
</requiredProperty>
</requiredProperties>
<modules>
<module id="${rootArtifactId}-api" name="${rootArtifactId}-api" dir="__rootArtifactId__-api">
<fileSets>
<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
<directory>src/test/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/test/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
</fileSets>
</module>
<module id="${rootArtifactId}-core" name="${rootArtifactId}-core" dir="__rootArtifactId__-core">
<fileSets>
<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
<directory>src/test/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/test/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
</fileSets>
</module>
<module id="${rootArtifactId}-dao" name="${rootArtifactId}-dao" dir="__rootArtifactId__-dao">
<fileSets>
<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
<directory>src/test/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
<include>mapper</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/test/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
</fileSets>
</module>
<module id="${rootArtifactId}-main" name="${rootArtifactId}-main" dir="__rootArtifactId__-main">
<fileSets>
<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
<directory>src/test/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/test/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/main/assembly</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/main/bin</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
</fileSets>
</module>
<module id="${rootArtifactId}-mybatisGen" name="${rootArtifactId}-mybatisGen" dir="__rootArtifactId__-mybatisGen">
<fileSets>
<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8" packaged="true">
<directory>src/test/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
<fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
<directory>src/test/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.*</include>
</includes>
</fileSet>
</fileSets>
</module>
</modules>
</archetype-descriptor>
屬性變量定義
<requiredProperties>
<requiredProperty key="groupId">
<defaultValue>com.thebeastshop</defaultValue>
</requiredProperty>
<requiredProperty key="artifactId">
<defaultValue>test</defaultValue>
</requiredProperty>
<requiredProperty key="package">
<defaultValue>com.thebeastshop.test</defaultValue>
</requiredProperty>
</requiredProperties>
這些屬性可以在資源元文件里的任意一個文件里通過${var}來引用,所以的元文件最終都可以選擇通過velocity引擎來執(zhí)行替換后生成。
默認的屬性有:groupId,artifactId,packeage,version等
項目子模塊定義
<modules>
<module id="${rootArtifactId}-api" name="${rootArtifactId}-api" dir="__rootArtifactId__-api">
...
</module>
<module id="${rootArtifactId}-core" name="${rootArtifactId}-core" dir="__rootArtifactId__-core">
...
</module>
<module id="${rootArtifactId}-dao" name="${rootArtifactId}-dao" dir="__rootArtifactId__-dao">
...
</module>
<module id="${rootArtifactId}-main" name="${rootArtifactId}-main" dir="__rootArtifactId__-main">
...
</module>
<module id="${rootArtifactId}-mybatisGen" name="${rootArtifactId}-mybatisGen" dir="__rootArtifactId__-mybatisGen">
...
</module>
</modules>
module有三個屬性,解釋如下:
- id :定義子模塊工程的artifactId.
- dir :子模塊工程源文件在archetype-resources里對應(yīng)的directory.
- name :子模塊的名字.
3.子模塊pom.xml定義如下(以core模塊為例):
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.thebeastshop</groupId>
<artifactId>${rootArtifactId}</artifactId>
<version>${version}</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>${artifactId}</artifactId>
<name>${artifactId}</name>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.thebeastshop</groupId>
<artifactId>${rootArtifactId}-api</artifactId>
<version>${api.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.thebeastshop</groupId>
<artifactId>${rootArtifactId}-dao</artifactId>
<version>${project.parent.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<skip>true</skip>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
其中${rootArtifactId}就代表父項目的artifactId.
4.我們和單模塊腳手架工程一樣,通過mvn clean install命令把該腳手架項目安裝到本地maven倉庫,然后就可以使用該項目來快速生成新項目結(jié)構(gòu)了,生成命令如下:
mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.thebeastshop -DartifactId=ddd -Dversion=1.0.0-SNAPSHOT -DarchetypeGroupId=com.thebeastshop -DarchetypeArtifactId=beast-archetype -DarchetypeVersion=1.3-SNAPSHOT -X -DarchetypeCatalog=local
我們就會看到生成好的項目結(jié)構(gòu)如下:

多模塊項目腳手架源碼:https://github.com/hafizzhang/beast-archetype
四、總結(jié)
到此這篇關(guān)于手把手教你寫Maven的archetype項目腳手架的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Maven archetype項目腳手架內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
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